NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science (History) Chapter 8 Eighteenth – Century Political Formations

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 7th

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Class : 7th
Subject : Social-Science-History
Chapter : 10
Chapter Name : Eighteenth-Century Political Formations

Q1 Match the following:

Answer. Subadar - Provincial governor
Faujdar - A Mughal military commander
Ijaradar - A revenue farmer
Misl - A band of Sikh warriors
Chauth - Tax levied by the Marathas
Kunbis - Maratha peasant warrior
Umara - A high noble

Q2 Fill in the blanks:
(a) Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the ____________________.
(b) Umara and jagirdars constituted powerful sections of the Mughal ________________.
(c) Asaf Jah founded the Hyderabad state in _____________________.
(d) The founder of the Awadh state was ______________________.

Answer. (a) Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the deccan.
(b) Umara and jagirdars constituted powerful sections of the Mughal administration.
(c) Asaf Jah founded the Hyderabad state in 1724.
(d) The founder of the Awadh state was Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa'adat Khan.

Q3 State whether true or false:
(a) Nadir Shah invaded Bengal.
(b) Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore.
(c) Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
(d) Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century.

Answer. (a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True

Q4 What were the of ces held by Sa‘adat Khan?

Answer. The of ces held by Sa'adat Khan included subadari, diwani and faujdari.

Q5 Why did the Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal try to do away with the jagirdari system?

Answer. The Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal tried to do away with the jagirdari system because they
wanted to put a curb on cheating as well as the Mughal in uence in their kingdoms.

Q6 How were the Sikhs organised in the eighteenth century?

Answer. In the eighteenth century, the Sikhs organized themselves into a number of bands called
jathas, and later misls. Their combined forces were known as the grand army (dal khalsa).

Q7 Why did the Marathas want to expand beyond the Deccan?

Answer. The Marathas wanted to expand beyond the Deccan to receive tribute and control trade
and agriculture.

Q8 What were the policies adopted by Asaf Jah to strengthen his position?

Answer. To strengthen his position Asaf Jah brought skilled soldiers and administrators from
northern India. He also appointed mansabdars and granted jagirs.

Q9 Do you think merchants and bankers today have the kind of in uence they had in the
eighteenth century?

Answer. Yes, merchants and bankers today have the kind of in uence they had in the eighteenth
century. We can mention the example of Reliance India Company. The company has entered into

the electricity distribution in Delhi. It has installed new electric meters. These electric meters run
much faster than the previous meters enhancing the problems of the common man. The state
government pays no attention towards it.

Q10 Did any of the kingdoms mentioned in this chapter develop in your state? If so, in what ways
do you think life in the state would have been different in the eighteenth century from what it is in
the twenty rst century?

Answer. DIY

Q11 Find out more about the architecture and culture associated with the new courts of any of the
following Awadh, Bengal or Hyderabad.

Answer. Architecture and culture reached at its height under the Awadh rule. Kathak, Khayal,
Thumri, Dadra, Qawali, Ghazals were given great importance. The legacy of the exquisite
embroidery can be seen even today. In the Awadh architecture we can see notice the fusion of the
accidental and the oriental style. There are several attractions which attract tourist attentions.
(i) Sa'adat All's Tomb : The twin maqbaras of Sa'adat Ali Khan and Khurshid Zadi, near Begum
Hazrat Mahal Park, are good examples of Awadh architecture. The proportionate domes with
elegant kiosks and above all, well-balanced architectural design makes them very beautiful and
attractive.
(ii) Lakshman Tila: It contains the famous Alamgiri. Mosque built by Sultan Alt, Governor of the
province of Awadh during the rule of Aurangzeb. The mosque is known for its outstanding
symmetry of form and sobriety of decoration.
(iii) Bara Imambara : It was built by Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula in 1784. It was built to provide food to
the famine stricken subjects of the Nawab. The monument is simple in style.
(iv) Rumi Darwaza: It leads to the outer section of the Bara Imambara. It is believed that it
resembles one of the gates of Constantinople. It is a good example of Awadh architecture.

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Q12 Collect popular tales about-rulers from any one of the following groups of people: the
Rajputs, Jats, Sikhs or Marathas.

Answer. DIY

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