NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography (Fundamentals of Human Geography) Population Composition [Old Book]

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 3 Social Science Geography

Class : 12th

Subject : Geography

Chapter : 3

Chapter Name : Population Composition

Q1 Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following has caused the sex ratio of the United Arab Emirates to be low?

(a) Selective migration of male working population

(b) High birth rate of males

(c) Low birth rate of females

(d) High out migration of females

(ii) Which one of the following figures represents the working age group of the population?

(a) 15 to 65 years

(b) 15 to 64 years

(c) 15 to 66 years

(d) 15 to 59 years

(iii) Which one of the following countries has the highest sex ratio in the world?

(a) Latvia

(b) United Arab Emirates

(c) Japan

(d) France

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 3 Social Science Geography

Answer.

(i) (a) Selective migration of male working population

(ii) (d) 15 to 59 years

(iii) (a) Latvia

Page : 21 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) What do you understand by population composition?

(ii) What is the significance of age-structure?

(iii) How is sex-ratio measured?

Answer.

(i) Each nation is known for its diverse population. The people living at a particular place are
classified on the basis of age, sex or the place of residing. The process of identifying the
population of an area on the basis of different rates such as growth, distribution, etc. is termed
as population composition.

(ii) The number of people belonging to different age groups is called age-structure. It is an
important indicator of population composition.

Those people belonging to the age group of 15-59 indicate the ‘working population.’ People
above 60 years of age represents an ageing population which requires more expenditure on
health care facilities.

A high proportion of young population would mean that the region has a high birth rate and
population is youthful.

(iii) Across the globe, sex ratio is measured on the basis of no of males per thousand females in
population. In India, it is measured as no of females per thousand male in a population.

Page : 21 , Block Name : Short Answer Question

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 3 Social Science Geography

Q3 Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.

(i) Describe the rural-urban composition of the population.

(ii) Discuss the factors responsible for imbalances in the sex-age found in different parts of the
world and occupational structure.

Answer.

(i) The population is divided into urban and rural on the basis of people's residence. It is
necessary to have such a composition since the living styles of people from both rural and
urban areas is entirely different due to prevailing social norms and livelihood. Apart from that the
population density, levels of development, age and sex structure also vary between these two
areas.

In different countries, there are different criteria to measure the rural and urban population. In
rural areas people are mostly engaged in primary activities whereas in urban areas, people are
indulged in non-primary activities mostly. Nowadays, one can easily spot ‘Industrial Units’ in
rural areas as well. In case, basic living facilities lacks in rural areas, people of that place also
migrate to the urban regions.

Usually, the rural and urban areas of countries such as Canada, Finland, Zimbabwe, etc. have
shown high female sex ratios in rural areas as compared to the urban ones. It is due to the fact
that females of these regions have influx of job opportunities in the rural areas. In countries such
as India, occupations such as farming see high female participation. Men move to cities to look
for better job opportunities.

(ii) There are several factors responsible for imbalance in sex-age group found in different parts
of world and occupational structure. The working population which belongs to the age-group of
15-59 takes part in occupation of different types. It could be fishing, agriculture, communication,
transportation and other unclassified services.

The work force indicates level of development especially social and economic development. It is
so because a developed economy with infrastructure and industry is capable of accommodating
more workers in secondary, quaternary and tertiary sector. If an economy is in its primitive
stage, the percentage of people involved in primary occupation would be high as it is about
extracting natural resources.

A country’s age structure also indicates the level of development. A large working population
depicts how progressive a country is. A large dependent population with children and retired
persons indicates economy of that country is burdened. Due to that, its development process

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 3 Social Science Geography

slows down. A large percentage of women in secondary, tertiary and quaternary sector
indicates progressive nation.

Page : 21 , Block Name : Long Answer Question

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