NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography (Fundamentals of Human Geography) Human Settlement [Old Book]

NCERT
SOLUTIONS
CLASS - 12th

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography

Class : 12th

Subject : Geography

Chapter : 10

Chapter Name : Human Settlement

Q1 Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following forms of settlement develops along either side of roads, rivers or
canals?

(a) circular

(b) linear

(c) cross-shaped

(d) square

(ii) Which one of the following types of economic activities dominates in all rural settlement?

(a) primary

(b) tertiary

(c) secondary

(d) quaternary

(iii) In which of the following regions has the oldest well-documented urban settlement found?

(a) Huang He Valley

(b) Indus Valley

(c) Nile Valley

(d) Mesopotamia

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography

(iv) How many of the following cities in India have attained the million status at the beginning of
2006?

(a) 40

(b) 42

(c) 41

(d) 43

(v) Sufficiency of which type of resources can help to create adequate social infrastructure
catering to the needs of the large population in the developing countries?

(a) financial

(b) human

(c) natural

(d) social

(i) (b) linear

(ii) (a) primary

(iii) (d) Mesopotamia

(iv) (b) 42

(v) (c) natural

Page : 101 , Block Name : Multiple Choice Questions

Q2 Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) How would you define a settlement?

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography

(ii) Distinguish between site and situation.

(iii) What are the bases of classifying settlements?

(iv) How would you justify the study of human settlements in human geography?

(i) A place which is inhabited by more or less people permanently is called human settlement. It
may include a temporary group of hunters, a village or even towns.

(ii)

Site i​Situation

It is an actual piece of land where a The location of a town or village with respect
settlement is built. to surrounding areas is called situation.

Site to settlement leads to river bank, hilltop, It may be studies with relation to cultural
etc. heritage and physical environment.

(iii) Settlements are classified on the basis of main occupation and residence into urban and
rural. Settlement are classified on the basis of their shape, and types of pattern into Nucleated
or compact settlement or dissetlements.

(iv) The study of human settlements is required in human geography because it reflects
relationships of humans with the environment. It reflects association of humans with lands and
affected with economic, social and physical factors.

Page : 102 , Block Name : Short Answer Question

Q3 Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.

(i) What are rural and urban settlements? Mention their characteristics.

(ii) Discuss the problems associated with urban settlements in developing countries.

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography

(i) Rural Settlements : The settlements whose population is less than 5000, around 75% of its
population are engaged in primary activities and density is less than 400 people per sq km is
rural settlement. Its characteristics are :

● Maximum people are engaged in primary activities. For livelihood, they depend on land
resources directly.
● They lack economic and social infrastructure.
● Its population is less and they have less population density.
● They depend on urban areas to obtain manufactured consumer goods.

Urban Settlements : The Indian census defines it as ‘all places which have cantonment,
corporation, municipality, or notified town area committee where minimum population is more
than 5000, at least 75% male are engaged in non-agriculture activities and population density is
more than 400 people per square km.' Its characteristics are :

● In urban areas, population as well as population density is high.
● Maximum people are engaged in secondary and tertiary activities.
● They have advanced economic and social infrastructure.

(ii) These problems are :

Increasing Slums : People move to cities in search of employment opportunities and civic
amenities. As most cities in developing countries are unplanned, it creates severe congestion.
Housing shortage, vertical expansion and slum growth are widely seen in such cities. In such
cities, a major portion of people reside in substandard houses in slums.

Economic Problems : Employment opportunities have been decreasing in rural as well as urban
areas. There are several semi-skilled and unskilled labourers saturated in urban areas. It
increases pressure on existing infrastructure of cities.

Socio-Culture issues : Cities in developing countries suffer from several issues. There are
increasing crime rates and equal opportunities are not available for everyone. Health and
educational facilities are beyond the reach of urban poor.

Environmental Pollution : Increase in congestion and no of vehicles on the road, cutting down of
trees to pave ways for housing and other similar facilities has given rise to environmental
pollution.

Page : 102 , Block Name : Long Answer Question

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Book : Fundamentals of Human Geography Ncert Solutions | Chapter - 10 Social Science Geography

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