NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence a Stage of Growth and Change

F R E E S T U D Y M AT E R I A L F O R E V E R Y S T U D E N T

CLASS 7 · SCIENCE

NCERT Solutions

Chapter 6: Adolescence: A Stage
of Growth and Change

NCERT Textbook — Curiosity

BOOK PAGES SECTIONS QUESTIONS MEDIUM

73 – 88 11 26 English

Solutions, notes, sample papers & more at 31 pages

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

CLASS 7 · SCIENCE · CURIOSITY

NCERT Solutions — Chapter 6: Adolescence: A Stage of
Growth and Change
Complete NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change from
the NCERT textbook Curiosity. Every question is answered — Activities 6.1 to 6.4 with Tables 6.1 to 6.4 filled
in, the Science and Society and Know a Scientist boxes, every in-text question from pages 75 to 84, all ten
Let Us Enhance Our Learning exercises and the three Exploratory Projects — written factually, in the book's
own words and register.

TEXTBOOK BOOK PAGES

Curiosity (Class 7) 73 – 88

SECTIONS QUESTIONS

11 26

MEDIUM

English

Activity 6.1: Let us discuss — Pages 74 & 75

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

6.1 Growing With Age: The Teenage Years

ACTIVITY

Q1 What were the most commonly observable changes among students, as mentioned
on the slips? List these in Table 6.1.

S.NO. CHANGES YOUR OBSERVATIONS

1. Height

2. Weight and strength

3. Appearance

4. …

Table 6.1: Most common changes during growing up (page 75) — reproduced blank.

When the slips from the whole class are unfolded and read out, the same few changes come up
again and again. They are the changes of adolescence — the stage between childhood and
adulthood that starts around 10 years of age. Here is Table 6.1 filled with the observations a
Grade 5-to-8 class usually collects.

TABLE 6.1: MOST COMMON CHANGES DURING GROWING UP

S.NO. CHANGES YOUR OBSERVATIONS

1. Height Almost everyone has become taller; the jump is sudden, and many girls shoot up a
year or two before the boys of the same class.

2. Weight and Weight increases along with height. Boys' shoulders and chest become broader.
strength Both boys and girls can run longer, lift heavier bags and play harder than in
Grade 5.

3. Appearance Hair appears in the armpits and the pubic region. Boys get a thin moustache and
other facial hair. Pimples (acne) appear on the face. Girls develop breasts.

4. Voice Boys' voices become hoarse and deeper, and a bump — the Adam's apple —
shows in the throat. Girls' voices change only slightly.

5. Behaviour and Mood swings, stronger likes and dislikes, feeling shy or self-conscious, wanting
emotions more privacy, spending more time with friends, deeper interest in new hobbies.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Why the slips are kept nameless: these are personal changes, and no one should
feel singled out or teased. Writing without names lets the class talk about the
changes honestly and scientifically — which is exactly the point of the activity.

Key point: the timing, nature and extent of every one of these changes vary from
person to person. A classmate who is still short, or who has no facial hair yet, is
developing perfectly normally.

In-text Question — Page 75
6.1 Growing With Age: The Teenage Years

Q1 Have you also experienced some of these changes?

Most students of Grades 6, 7 and 8 will answer yes to at least a few of them — a sudden gain in
height, a change in the voice, pimples on the face, or new hair growth.
If you have noticed such changes, it simply means that you are gradually reaching the stage
called adolescence. This stage starts around 10 years of age and can continue up to the age of
19. It is the stage of development between childhood and adulthood, during which the body
prepares for adulthood.

Why you may answer 'not yet': that is equally normal. Each person experiences
adolescence at his or her own pace, and its duration also varies from one person to
another. Some classmates start at 10, some at 13. Nobody is 'late' or 'ahead'.

Did you know? Until around 10–12 years of age, most changes in the body are only
about height and weight. The other noticeable changes begin after that — and they
mark the onset of adolescence.

Activity 6.2: Let us list — Page 78

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

6.3 Emotional and Behavioural Changes in Adolescents
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ACTIVITY

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a s ema moment to think if there are any changes in your emotions or behaviour or
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Take
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Q1
that of your classmates and friends in the past one or two years. These changes
may be exciting, confusing, or both. Let us list some emotional changes in Table 6.2

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along with their probable effects on behaviour and ways for positive growth and
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development.

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KEY EMOTIONAL PROBABLE EFFECTS ON
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WAYS FOR POSITIVE GROWTH AND
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CHANGES BEHAVIOUR DEVELOPMENT
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Mood swings Engage in varied
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Self-exploration and involvement in

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Strong emotions Increased sensitivity Compassion, involvement in social

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Any other

Table 6.2: Emotional changes, their probable effects on behaviour, and ways for positive

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growth and development (page 78) — the last row is left blank in the book.

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a s em
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a Adolescence is often marked by stronger emotions than childhood. Here is Table 6.2 completed

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— the first entries are the ones already printed in your book, and the rest are the changes
classes most often list.
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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

TABLE 6.2: EMOTIONAL CHANGES, THEIR PROBABLE EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOUR, AND WAYS
FOR POSITIVE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

KEY PROBABLE EFFECTS ON WAYS FOR POSITIVE GROWTH
EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND DEVELOPMENT
CHANGES

Mood swings Feeling very energetic and happy on Engage in varied activities like music,
some days and low or irritable on dance, or sports; keep a regular routine of
others; snapping at friends or family; sleep, meals and exercise
wanting to be left alone

Strong emotions Increased sensitivity — feelings are Self-exploration and involvement in
hurt easily, reactions are quick and activities that may lead to creativity and
intense, small remarks are taken to innovation — writing, drawing, gardening,
heart science projects

Increased sensitivity Feeling deeply for people who are Compassion, involvement in social work —
towards others needy or disadvantaged cleanliness drives, helping juniors,
volunteering

Self-consciousness Comparing oneself with classmates; Remember that these variations are
about appearance shyness about height, voice or pimples completely normal; focus on health,
hobbies and friendships instead of
comparison

Any other — a wish Arguing with elders, wanting privacy, Take up small responsibilities at home;
for independence resisting advice, being strongly discuss decisions calmly with parents and
influenced by friends teachers instead of hiding them

Why this happens: some hormones — the chemicals produced in the body during
this stage — influence mood and behaviour. So the strong feelings are not a fault in
you; they are a part of growing up.

Tip: Understanding how our emotions influence our behaviour and actions helps us
make better choices and respond to situations thoughtfully. When a feeling is very
strong, wait a little before acting on it, and talk to someone you trust.

Activity 6.3: Let us list — Page 79

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

6.4.1 Meeting nutritional needs

ACTIVITY

Q1 Based on the locally available foods, fill Table 6.3 with the healthy food sources,
nutrients present in them and how these nutrients can help our growth and
development.

FOOD SOURCES NUTRIENTS WE FUNCTIONS OF THESE
GET FROM THEM NUTRIENTS

Milk, millets, curd, cheese, Calcium, proteins, To help optimal bone growth
and paneer fats ____________
____________

____________ Proteins To help proper growth, gain
____________ strength, and improve levels of
energy ____________

Spinach, kidney beans, and Iron To help in the formation of blood
dried fruits like raisins, ____________
and figs

Table 6.3: Food sources, nutrients present in them, and functions of these nutrients
(page 79) — the blank lines are as printed.

Adolescence is a period of rapid growth, so a nutritious diet is of utmost importance. Fill the
blanks of Table 6.3 with foods available near you. Here is a completed version.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

TABLE 6.3: FOOD SOURCES, NUTRIENTS PRESENT IN THEM, AND FUNCTIONS OF THESE
NUTRIENTS

FOOD SOURCES NUTRIENTS WE GET FUNCTIONS OF THESE NUTRIENTS
FROM THEM

Milk, millets, curd, cheese, and Calcium, proteins, fats To help optimal bone growth; also build the
paneer body and store energy
also: ragi, sesame (til), green
leafy vegetables

Pulses (dal), rajma, chana, Proteins To help proper growth, gain strength, and
soybean, groundnut, eggs, fish, improve levels of energy — proteins build and
meat, milk repair the body

Spinach, kidney beans, and dried Iron To help in the formation of blood, which carries
fruits like raisins, and figs oxygen to every part of the body
also: jaggery (gur), bajra,
amaranth (chaulai) leaves

Rice, wheat roti, jowar, bajra, Carbohydrates To supply the energy needed for studying,
potato, banana playing and the rapid growth of these years

Amla, guava, orange, lemon, Vitamins and minerals To protect the body from infection, keep eyes
papaya, carrot, seasonal and skin healthy, and help the body absorb iron
vegetables

Why local foods are best: a millet roti with dal and a green vegetable gives the
same nutrients as any costly packaged food, but is fresh, cheap and easily available.
Millets (Shri Anna) are especially rich in calcium and iron.

Tip: As the two friends in the picture say — we need proteins and carbohydrates for
proper growth and to perform well on the playground, and an adequate amount of
fats, vitamins and minerals as well. No single food gives everything, so the plate
must have variety.

Science and Society — Page 80

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

6.4.1 Meeting nutritional needs

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

Q1 Adolescents, especially girls, may sometimes suffer from blood-related health
problem(s) because of a deficiency of iron or vitamin B12 in the body. Find out about
such health problem(s).

The commonest such problem is anaemia. In anaemia the blood does not have enough healthy
red blood cells or enough haemoglobin, the red substance in them that carries oxygen. Every
organ then gets less oxygen than it needs.

DEFICIENCY HEALTH PROBLEM HOW IT SHOWS

Iron Iron-deficiency Tiredness and weakness, pale skin, nails and inner eyelids,
anaemia breathlessness after mild exercise, giddiness, poor
concentration in class, headache

Vitamin B12 (or Anaemia with Tiredness, pale skin, sore tongue, tingling or numbness in
folic acid) unusually large red hands and feet, weakness, poor memory
blood cells

Why adolescent girls are affected more: the body needs extra iron during the
growth spurt of adolescence, and girls also lose some blood every month during
menstruation. If the diet does not supply enough iron, the stores run down and
anaemia develops.

Check it yourself: pull down the lower eyelid gently and look at the inner side. In a
healthy person it is pink. A very pale, whitish colour is one simple sign a doctor looks
for. Only a blood test can confirm anaemia.

Q2 How can we manage iron deficiency in our body?

Mainly by eating more iron-rich food, by helping the body absorb that iron, and by taking
the supplements a doctor prescribes.

1. Eat iron-rich foods every day — spinach and other green leafy vegetables, kidney beans
(rajma), chana, other pulses, bajra and ragi, jaggery (gur), groundnuts, and dried fruits like
raisins and figs. Non-vegetarian families can add eggs, liver, fish and meat.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

2. Add vitamin C to the same meal — amla, lemon, guava, orange or tomato. Vitamin C
co m
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makes the iron in plant food much easier for the body to absorb. A squeeze of lemon on dal
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.cor coffee right after a meal; they reduce iron absorption.aDrink
or chana is enough.

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3. Avoid tea
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4. Cook in an iron kadhai or tawa — a small amount of iron passes into the food.

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5. Take iron and folic acid (IFA) tablets if a doctor or your school's health programme gives

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them, and get deworming tablets as advised — worms in the intestine cause slow blood loss. ag
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6. Get a blood test if the tiredness and paleness continue, and follow the doctor's advice
instead of self-medicating. a

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Tip: Iron tablets can make the stools dark — that is harmless and expected. Never

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stop the course halfway; the body's iron stores take weeks to refill.

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Find out about government schemes aimed to prevent such deficiencies.
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agl programmes so that no child or adolescent goes short of

The Government of India runs several
iron and other nutrients. The main ones are:

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SCHEME WHAT IT DOES

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Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) A nationwide strategy to reduce anaemia. Weekly

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tablets for school children and adolescents, deworming twice a year, testing and
treatment.

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Weekly Iron and Folic Acid One IFA tablet every week to adolescent girls and boys through schools and

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Supplementation (WIFS) anganwadis,

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Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya
Karyakram (RKSK)
agImproves the overall health of adolescents — nutrition, anaemia, menstrual
health and hygiene — through peer educators and adolescent-friendly health
clinics.
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PM POSHAN (Mid-Day Meal A cooked, nutritious meal every school day, so that growing children get

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Scheme) proteins, iron and other nutrients.

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Anganwadi services children, adolescent girls, and pregnant and nursing mothers.

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Food fortification
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Fortified rice in government schemes, and double-fortified salt (iodine + iron),
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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Try This: Visit the nearest anganwadi or your school health register and find out
which of these your own school takes part in, and on which day of the week the IFA
tablet is given.

Know a Scientist — Page 80
6.4.1 Meeting nutritional needs

KNOW A SCIENTIST

Q1 Did you know that vitamin B12 is required for the proper functioning of the human
body?

Yes. Vitamin B12 is needed for the formation of healthy red blood cells, for the normal working
of the nerves and the brain, and for the body's use of the food we eat.
Like most vitamins, it cannot be made in the human body and has to be obtained from the food
we eat. If the diet lacks it for a long time, the person becomes anaemic and may also get
tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, and poor memory.

Why Dorothy Hodgkin's work mattered: she worked out the structure of vitamin
B12 — an unusually complicated molecule — using X-rays. Once chemists knew its
structure, the vitamin could be made and used as medicine. In 1964 she became the
third woman to win the Nobel Prize in the field of chemistry.

Q2 Discuss the sources of vitamin B12 with your teacher.

Vitamin B12 is found mainly in foods of animal origin and in fortified foods. Take this list to your
teacher and add whatever is eaten in your own region.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

TYPE OF FOOD SOURCES OF VITAMIN B12

Dairy Milk, curd (dahi), paneer, cheese, buttermilk

Eggs Whole egg — the yolk especially

Non-vegetarian foods Fish, chicken, meat and liver

Fortified foods Fortified milk, fortified breakfast cereals and some soya drinks — read the label

Medicines B12 tablets or injections, only when a doctor prescribes them

Point to discuss: Plant foods are generally not a reliable source of vitamin B12. So
people on a completely plant-based diet should include fortified foods, or take a
supplement on medical advice. A vegetarian who takes milk and curd daily usually
gets enough.

In-text Questions — Page 81
6.4.3 Physical activities

Q1 Do you exercise regularly or participate in games and sports?

Answer this honestly for yourself. A good answer names what you do, how often and for how
long.
Sample answer: Yes. I play kho-kho and football in the school games period four days a week,
and I cycle to school and back every day — about 20 minutes each way. On Sundays I play
cricket in the park with my friends for about an hour.
If your honest answer is 'not regularly', that is worth noticing rather than hiding. Begin with
something small and daily — a brisk 20-minute walk, skipping 100 times, or 15 minutes of yoga
— and build up.

Why it matters at this age: regular exercise keeps your body and mind fit and
healthy, builds up your stamina and boosts your mood. During adolescence the
bones and muscles are growing fast, and physical activity helps them grow strong.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Tip: Aim for about 60 minutes of moving about every day. It need not be one long
session — games, cycling, climbing stairs, helping with housework and walking all
count.

Q2 What kinds of exercises do you do?

Exercises fall into a few types, and a good week has some of each. Figure 6.2 in your book shows
three of them — playing football, skipping, and yoga asanas.

KIND OF EXAMPLES WHAT IT GIVES YOU
EXERCISE

Games and sports Football, kabaddi, kho-kho, cricket, badminton, Stamina, teamwork, a strong
running races heart and lungs, a better mood

Simple daily Skipping, cycling, brisk walking, jogging, Fitness that needs no equipment
exercise swimming, climbing stairs and can be done every day

Yoga and stretching Surya Namaskar, Bhujangasana, Flexibility, good posture,
Paschimottanasana, Tadasana, simple breathing calmness and better
exercises concentration

Strength and balance Push-ups, sit-ups, squats, carrying and lifting Stronger muscles and bones
things correctly during the growth spurt

Traditional and Folk dance, garba, bhangra, malkhamb, helping Enjoyable exercise that fits into
everyday activity in the fields or with housework normal life

Check it yourself: Warm up before and stretch after; drink water; do not exercise
straight after a heavy meal; and stop if something hurts. Rest days matter too — the
body grows stronger while it rests.

Activity 6.4: Let us spread awareness — Page 83

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

6.4.4 Balanced social life

ACTIVITY

Q1 Work in groups to design posters and pamphlets about various aspects of
responsible social media behaviour and paste them at designated places in the
school. Also, fill in Table 6.4 based on your collective observations.

DOS DON’TS

Be respectful and kind. Do not share personal photos with strangers/ virtual friends.

Think before posting. ____________

Protect privacy. ____________

Table 6.4: Dos and don’ts to be followed on social media (page 83) — reproduced as
printed.

How to do the poster work. Split the class into groups and give each group one theme, so the
posters together cover the whole topic:

Think before you post — once something is online it is very hard to remove.
Protect your privacy — never put your address, phone number, school name, timetable or
passwords online.
Stop cyberbullying — do not forward a hurtful message; report it and tell an adult.
Check before you believe — false rumours spread fastest.
Screen time and sleep — put the phone away well before bedtime.

Keep each poster to one big message, one picture and a few large words, and add a line telling
readers whom to ask for help — parents, class teacher, or the school counsellor.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

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TABLE 6.4: DOS AND DON'TS TO BE FOLLOWED ON SOCIAL MEDIA

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DON'TS
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Be respectful and kind. Do not share personal photos with strangers/ virtual friends.

Think before posting. Do not spread false rumours, misleading messages or make fun of anyone

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online.

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Protect privacy.
l a
g or passwords — and do not accept friend requests from strangers.
Do not share personal information — address, phone number, school

aname
Ask elders or teachers when something
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Do not reply to or forward a bullying message; save it as proof and

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online confuses or frightens you. report it instead.

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Fix a screen time and keep enough time
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Do not meet an online 'friend' alone, and do not click on unknown links.

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for study, play and sleep.

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Why this is part of a science chapter: adolescence is a time of heightened curiosity
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and excitement, and adolescents are strongly influenced by their peers. Online
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platforms are useful for information and connection, but used carelessly they can
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harm sleep, studies and mental health. Using them responsibly is a health habit, like
eating well.

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em Question — Page 84
asThe 'Why' Question for Adolescence
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Because of hormones — certain chemicals produced in our bodies.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Signal from the brain

↓

Different parts of the body produce hormones

↓

Hormones are released at the appropriate time

↓

Growth, puberty, menstruation, mood and behaviour are regulated

Hormones play a crucial role in regulating various aspects of growth and development and in
the proper functioning of the body. They are produced in different parts of the body and are
released at an appropriate time in response to signals from the brain. Many changes of
adolescence — including menstruation and the other signs of puberty — are mainly due to
them, and some hormones influence mood and behaviour as well.

Why now and not earlier: the brain begins sending these signals only when the
body is ready to prepare for adulthood — generally around 10 years of age. That is
also why the changes do not begin on the same birthday for everybody: each body
follows its own timetable.

Tip: Knowing that hormones are behind both the physical changes and the mood
swings makes adolescence much easier to handle. By staying informed, seeking
support and guidance when needed, and making healthy decisions, you build a
strong foundation for the life ahead.

Let Us Enhance Our Learning — Pages 85 to 87

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Chapter exercises

LET US ENHANCE OUR LEARNING

Q1 Ramesh, an 11-year-old boy, developed a few pimples on his face. His mother told
him that this is because of ongoing biological changes in his body. (i) What could be
the possible reasons for the development of these pimples on his face? (ii) What can
he do to get some relief from these pimples?

(i) The possible reasons. Ramesh is 11, so he has entered adolescence. During adolescence the
skin produces more oily secretions than before. This extra oil, along with dead skin and dust,
clogs the pores of the skin. The blocked pores get infected, and small reddish pimples appear
— most often on the face, where the oil glands are many. This skin condition is called acne; the
pimples are how the condition shows itself.

More oily secretion from the skin

↓

Skin pores get clogged

↓

Infection in the clogged pore

↓
A small, reddish pimple — the condition is called acne

(ii) What Ramesh can do.

Wash the face gently with clean water and a mild soap or face wash two or three times a
day, to remove the extra oil.
Do not squeeze, pick or burst the pimples. Squeezing pushes the infection deeper and
leaves dark marks or scars.
Avoid touching the face with dirty hands; keep the hair clean and off the face; use his own
clean towel and pillow cover.
Avoid heavy oils, thick creams and cosmetics on the face — they block the pores further.
Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables, drink enough water, sleep well and
exercise.
If the acne is severe, painful or spreading, see a doctor (skin specialist) rather than trying
advertised remedies.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Why his mother is right: pimples at this age are not caused by 'dirty habits' or by
eating any one food. They are a normal, temporary part of the biological changes of
adolescence, and they settle down as the body reaches adulthood. Ramesh has no
reason to feel embarrassed.

Q2 Which of the following food groups would be a better option for adolescents and
why? (i) [burger, French fries, pizza, doughnut, buns and chips] (ii) [a thali with
chapati, dal, vegetable curry, rice, salad, curd and papad]

Food group (ii) — the balanced thali — is the better option.

GROUP WHAT IT CONTAINS WHAT IT GIVES THE BODY

(i) Burger, French fries, Refined flour, a lot of fat Plenty of energy but very little protein, iron, calcium,
pizza, doughnut, buns, and oil, extra salt and vitamins or fibre — 'empty calories'
chips, sauce sugar

(ii) Chapati, rice, dal, Cereals, pulses, Carbohydrates for energy, proteins for growth and
vegetable curry, salad, vegetables, milk product strength, calcium for bones, iron for blood, vitamins,
curd, papad minerals and fibre — all in one meal

Why (ii) is better for adolescents: adolescence is a period of rapid growth and development.
The body is building bone, muscle and blood, so it needs proteins, calcium, iron, vitamins and
minerals along with carbohydrates and fats. The thali supplies all of these together, in the right
proportion. Group (i) supplies mostly fat, refined carbohydrate and salt; eating such food often
leads to unnecessary weight gain, poor bone and blood health, constipation and, over the
years, other health problems.

Tip: Fast food need not be banned for ever — it is the everyday plate that decides
your health. Keep it occasional, and make the daily meal look like the thali in (ii).

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Q3 Unscramble the underlined word in the following sentences: (i) The discharge of
blood in adolescent girls which generally occurs every 28–30 days is nstmnoiaretu.
(ii) The hoarseness in the voice of adolescent boys is due to enlarged iceov xob. (iii)
Secondary sexual characteristics are natural signs that the body is preparing for
adulthood and mark the onset of urtypeb. (iv) We should say NO to lahoclo and
srugd as they are addictive.

SCRAMBLED CORRECT WHAT IT MEANS
WORD WORD

(i) nstmnoiaretu menstruation The phase of the menstrual cycle when blood discharge
occurs from the body; it lasts three to seven days.

(ii) iceov xob voice box The structure in the throat that helps us speak. Its growth
in boys makes the voice hoarse and shows as the Adam's
apple.

(iii) urtypeb puberty The stage in which the body of an adolescent undergoes
external and internal changes to develop into an adult
capable of reproduction.

(iv) lahoclo, srugd alcohol, drugs Addictive substances — once a person starts, a strong
urge to take them again and again develops.

The completed sentences read:

1. The discharge of blood in adolescent girls which generally occurs every 28–30 days is
menstruation.
2. The hoarseness in the voice of adolescent boys is due to enlarged voice box.
3. Secondary sexual characteristics are natural signs that the body is preparing for adulthood
and mark the onset of puberty.
4. We should say NO to alcohol and drugs as they are addictive.

Q4 Shalu told her friend, “Adolescence brings only physical changes, like growing taller
or developing body hair.” Is she correct? What would you change in this description
of adolescence?

No, Shalu is not correct. The word that makes her statement wrong is 'only'. Growing taller and
developing body hair are indeed changes of adolescence, but they are just one part of it.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

The corrected description: 'Adolescence brings physical changes, such as growing taller,
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gaining weight and strength, a change in voice, pimples on the face and the growth of body
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g and behavioural
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hair. Along with these it also brings internal changes — the maturation of the parts involved in

m a
sesuch as stronger emotions, mood swings and increased sensitivity. All these changes
reproduction,

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changes
are mainly brought about by hormones, and their timing and extent vary from person to

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person.'

EXAMPLES FROM THE e m . ag
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TYPE OF CHAPTER
CHANGE

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Physical (easily Increase in height; weight gain, broader shoulders and chest in boys; change in voice and the

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observed) Adam's apple; acne and pimples; hair in armpits, pubic region and on the face; development

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of breasts in girls

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Internal (not Maturation of the parts involved in reproduction; onset of the menstrual cycle in girls,

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Emotional and Stronger emotions than in childhood, mood swings, increased sensitivity, joining social

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behavioural initiatives, deeper interest in new areas

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Why this matters: if we describe adolescence as 'only physical', an adolescent who
feels confused or low may think something is wrong with her. Knowing that
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emotional changes are equally normal makes it much easier to ask for help and
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support.

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Q5 During a discussion in the class, some of the students raised the following points.
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What questions would you ask them to check the correctness of these points? (i)
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Adolescents do not need to worry about behavioural changes. (ii) If someone tries a

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(i) 'Adolescents do not need to worry about behavioural changes.' Questions to ask:

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their studies, friendships and health?
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Is 'not worrying' the same asem
a s 'not understanding'? Would it not be better to understand
these changes and seek
aglguidance from parents and teachers?

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Why does the chapter say that understanding how emotions influence behaviour helps us
make better choices?

What the answers show: adolescents need not fear these changes — they are normal — but
they do need to understand and manage them. So the point is only half correct.
(ii) 'If someone tries a harmful substance once, they can stop anytime they want.'
Questions to ask:

What does the word addictive mean?
Why do people who consume tobacco, alcohol or drugs develop a strong urge to take them
again and again?
If stopping were so easy, why do people need counselling, medical advice and the support of
family and friends to quit?
Why has the government started the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan and the national de-
addiction helpline 14446?
Someone who is addicted today — how did they most probably begin?

What the answers show: the point is wrong. These substances are addictive; 'just one time' is
exactly how most addictions start. That is why we must say 'NO' the first time and every time.

Q6 Adolescents sometimes experience mood swings. On some days, they feel very
energetic and happy, while on other days, they may feel low. What other
behavioural changes are associated with this age?

Besides mood swings, adolescents commonly show the following behavioural changes. All of
them are normal and are linked to the stronger emotions of this age.

Stronger emotions than in childhood — happiness, anger, excitement and disappointment
are all felt more intensely.
Increased sensitivity — feelings are hurt easily, and remarks about looks, height or voice
are taken to heart.
Self-consciousness about appearance — comparing oneself with classmates, shyness
about pimples, height or a changing voice.
Attraction towards peers and mimicking their behaviour — friends' opinions begin to
matter a great deal, which can also mean peer pressure.
A wish for independence and privacy — wanting to take one's own decisions, arguing with
elders, spending more time alone or with friends.
Heightened curiosity and excitement — a new viewpoint towards almost everything, a
wish to try new things (which must be used wisely).
Deeper interest in new areas — music, dance, sport, art, science, coding; strong likes and
dislikes.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Compassion and social awareness — taking up or joining social initiatives to support the
needy and the disadvantaged.
More online interaction — spending more time on social media and messaging with
friends.

Why these changes happen: some hormones influence mood and behaviour, and
at the same time the adolescent is meeting new experiences and new expectations.
Together these make emotions stronger and behaviour more changeable than in
childhood.

Tip: Channel the strong feelings — music, dance, sports, art, social work and
physical activity all help. And talk to a trusted adult when a low mood lasts many
days; that is not weakness, it is good sense.

Q7 While using a toilet, Mohini noticed that used sanitary pads were scattered near the
bin. She got upset and shared her feelings with her friends. They discussed the
importance of menstrual hygiene and healthy sanitary habits. What menstrual
hygiene and sanitary habits would you suggest to your friends?

A. Personal hygiene during menstruation

Use a clean sanitary pad or a reusable cloth pad made for this purpose. Change it every
four to six hours, and sooner if needed.
Wash hands with soap before and after changing a pad.
Wash the genital area with clean water at least twice a day, and bathe daily. Dry properly
and wear clean cotton underclothes.
If reusable cloth pads are used, wash them well with soap and water and dry them fully in
sunlight before using them again. Store them in a clean, dry place.
Eat iron-rich food, drink plenty of water, and continue normal school, play and activities. See
a doctor if the pain is severe or the bleeding is unusually heavy.

B. Sanitary habits — what Mohini actually saw go wrong

Wrap the used pad in newspaper or paper and drop it inside a covered dustbin — never
leave it near the bin, on the floor, or in the open.
Never flush a pad down the toilet; it blocks the drains.
Keep the toilet clean after use and flush properly, so the next person finds it clean.
Ask the school to keep a covered dustbin, water, soap and, if possible, a pad dispenser in
the girls' toilet — and to empty the bins regularly.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Prefer biodegradable sanitary pads where they are available; they are environment-
friendly.

C. The attitude that goes with it

Menstruation is a natural process and one of the signs of good reproductive health. Talk
about it normally — with friends, mother, elder sister or a teacher.
Myths and taboos, such as keeping a menstruating girl separate from the family, have no
scientific basis. Do not follow them and do not spread them.
Do not tease or shame anyone about periods or about sanitary pads.

Why proper disposal matters: a used pad left in the open is a health risk for
everyone who uses that toilet, especially the cleaning staff, and it makes other girls
feel unsafe and ashamed to menstruate at school. Correct disposal protects
community health and environmental cleanliness.

Did you know? The government's Menstrual Hygiene Scheme (MHS) gives pads
free or at a reduced price to adolescent girls in rural areas, the Suvidha initiative
sells biodegradable pads cheaply at Jan Aushadhi Kendras, and states such as
Karnataka ('Shuchi Scheme'), Tamil Nadu and Odisha run their own free-pad
schemes.

Q8 Mary and Manoj were classmates and good friends. On turning 11, Mary developed
a little bulge on the front of her neck. She visited the doctor who gave her
medication and asked to take iodine-rich diet. Similarly, a bump was developed on
the front of Manoj's neck when he turned 12. However, the doctor told him that it
was a part of growing up. According to you, what could be the possible reason for
advising Mary and Manoj differently?

Because the two bulges, although in the same place, had two completely different causes —
one was a disease, the other a normal change of adolescence.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

MARY (11 YEARS) MANOJ (12 YEARS)

What the An enlarged thyroid gland in the neck The growing voice box, seen as a bump called
swelling is — the swelling known as goitre the Adam's apple

Cause Shortage of iodine in the diet, so the Hormones of puberty making the voice box grow
gland cannot make enough of its — a normal secondary sexual characteristic
hormone and swells up

Is it a Yes — it needs treatment No — it is a natural part of growing up
disorder?

Doctor's Medication and an iodine-rich diet No treatment — only the reassurance that it is a
advice (iodised salt, and foods such as fish, milk part of growing up. His voice will also become
and curd) hoarse and deeper.

Why the doctor could tell them apart: the Adam's apple appears in adolescent
boys along with the change in voice, moves up and down when a person swallows,
and causes no other symptom. A goitre is a soft swelling of the thyroid gland and
usually comes with tiredness, weight change and other signs, so the doctor
examines the patient and, if needed, tests the blood before deciding.

Tip: Using iodised salt at home is the simplest way to prevent goitre. Add salt at the
end of cooking and store it in a closed container, so the iodine is not lost.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

co m
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During adolescence, the boys and girls undergo certain physical changes, a few of
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which are given below. (i) Change in voice (ii) Development of breasts (iii) Growth of
gGrowth of hair in the
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moustache a
l a se region (vii) Growth of hair in armpits — Categorise these changes in the table
pubic
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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Point to note: the voice box grows in adolescent girls too, but it does not become as
big as in boys, so their voice changes only slightly. The clearly noticeable hoarseness,
along with the Adam's apple, is seen in boys — that is why 'change in voice' is placed
under boys.

Q10 Prepare a poster mentioning the tips for adolescents to live a healthy lifestyle.

How to build the poster. Take a chart paper, write one bold title at the top, divide the sheet into
five or six boxes, and give each box a picture and one short tip. Keep the letters large enough to
read from a distance, and end with a helpline or 'whom to ask'.
Sample poster:

GROWING UP HEALTHY
Six habits for every adolescent

1. Eat a balanced diet 2. Stay clean
Roti, dal, milk, curd, green Bathe daily, wash hands,
vegetables, fruits, millets. care for armpits and pubic
Cut down junk food. region; menstrual hygiene.

3. Move every day 4. Say NO to addiction
Play games, cycle, skip, do No tobacco, gutka, beedi,
yoga — about an hour a day. alcohol or drugs — the first
Sleep 8–9 hours. time and every time.

5. Be safe online 6. Talk, do not hide
Think before posting. Guard Share worries with parents
privacy. Report bullying. and teachers. Helpline 14446.

A six-panel poster of healthy-lifestyle tips for adolescents. Copy it on chart paper and add your own
drawings.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Tip: Add one line at the bottom of your poster in your own language — for example,
'Every body changes at its own pace. That is normal.' It is the sentence classmates most
need to read.

Exploratory Projects — Page 88
Interdisciplinary projects

EXPLORATORY PROJECTS

Q1 Find out about some personalities and organisations working in your locality to
improve mental health of youth. Interview them. List at least five questions that
you will ask in the interviews.

Whom to look for. The school counsellor, the psychologist or psychiatrist at the district hospital
or a Primary Health Centre, the RKSK peer educators and the Adolescent Friendly Health Clinic in
your block, an NGO or a helpline that works on youth mental health, a yoga or sports coach,
and the local anganwadi worker or ASHA. Take your teacher's permission, go in a group, and
carry a notebook.
Sample answer — five questions for the interview:

1. What kinds of mental health problems do you see most often among adolescents in our
area, and at what age do they usually begin?
2. What are the early signs that a student is under stress — the signs a friend or teacher can
notice?
3. What kind of help do you provide, and how can a student or parent reach you? Is it free and
confidential?
4. What can a school do — in the classroom, the playground and the assembly — to support
students' mental health?
5. What advice would you give an adolescent who feels low, anxious or alone but is afraid to
speak to anyone?

Two more you can add: How does the stigma around mental health affect people coming to
you for help? What role do sleep, exercise, screen time and diet play in an adolescent's mental
well-being?

Tip: Write the answers as you hear them, ask permission before writing anyone's
name, and finish the report with what your class will do differently. Present it on a
chart or as a short talk in the assembly.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Q2 Perform a role play on the theme 'Child marriage: A social evil', highlighting how it
negatively impacts the overall well-being of children, particularly the health of
young girls.

How to plan the role play. Five to seven students, about eight minutes, four short scenes.
Characters: Sunita (13), her parents, her class teacher, a friend, an ASHA worker or anganwadi
worker, and a Child Marriage Prohibition Officer or police officer.

1. Scene 1 — The decision. Relatives persuade Sunita's parents to fix her marriage. Sunita is
topping her class and wants to keep studying.
2. Scene 2 — What it costs. Sunita's friend and her teacher list what she stands to lose: school,
play, friends and childhood itself.
3. Scene 3 — The health facts. The ASHA worker explains, in simple words, why marriage
before 18 harms a girl's health.
4. Scene 4 — The law and the change of mind. The officer explains that child marriage is a
punishable offence under the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (legal age 18 for girls, 21 for
boys), and mentions Childline 1098. The parents change their decision; Sunita goes back to
school.

The points your dialogue must bring out:

Health of the girl: her body is still growing during adolescence. Early marriage usually
means early pregnancy, when the body is not ready — a higher risk of anaemia,
malnutrition, complications during pregnancy and childbirth, and a weak, underweight baby.
Education: school stops, and with it every career the girl might have had.
Emotional well-being: adult responsibility at 13 or 14, cut off from friends, with no say in
her own life — stress, fear and isolation.
The whole family and society: poverty continues into the next generation; boys married
early also lose their studies and childhood.
What we can do: stay in school, inform a teacher or Childline 1098 if a classmate's marriage
is being arranged, and speak up in our own homes.

Tip: End the play with the whole cast facing the audience and one line each —
'Padhai pehle', 'Shaadi 18 ke baad', 'Bachpan hamara haq hai'. A short, clear ending
is remembered far better than a long speech.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Q3 21 June is celebrated as International Yoga Day. Organise a small camp with the
help of your teachers and practise some asanas.

Planning the camp. Fix the date (21 June or the nearest school day), get permission, choose an
open, clean, level place, and ask everyone to bring a mat or a durrie. Start early morning on an
empty stomach. Invite a yoga teacher or a trained PT instructor to lead. Put up posters a week
before and keep a register of participants.
A 45-minute programme you can follow:

TIME WHAT IS DONE PURPOSE

5 min Prayer, and a short talk on why yoga helps adolescents Setting the mood

10 Warm-up: neck, shoulder, wrist, waist and ankle rotations Prevents injury
min

15 Standing asanas — Tadasana, Vrikshasana, Trikonasana; then Posture, balance,
min Surya Namaskar (3–5 rounds) stamina

8 min Sitting and lying asanas — Vajrasana, Paschimottanasana, Flexibility of the spine,
Bhujangasana, Setubandhasana digestion

5 min Breathing — Anulom–Vilom and Bhramari pranayama Calmness, better
concentration

2 min Shavasana and a shanti path Complete relaxation

Why yoga suits this age: during adolescence the body grows fast and emotions run
strong. Asanas improve posture, flexibility and stamina while the breathing practices
steady the mind — so yoga works on both the physical and the emotional changes
the chapter describes.

Safety first: never force a posture; come out of it if it hurts. Anyone with an injury,
asthma, a recent illness, or a girl who is menstruating and uncomfortable, should do
only the gentle asanas and breathing. Drink water after, not during, the session.

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

co m
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Chapter at amglance
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Adolescence is the stage of development between childhood and adulthood. It generally

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begins around 10 years of age and usually lasts until 19 years. Its timing and duration are

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changes and develops into an adult capable of reproduction. It is marked by the
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appearance of secondary sexual characteristics — features that help distinguish males
aginvolved in reproduction.
from females but are not directly
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s e m also develop
on the face, hair in the armpits and pubic region, and facial hair in boys. Girls
breasts.om
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gl generally every 28–30 days (21–35 days in many healthy girls). The phase with blood
An important internal change in adolescent girls is the start of the menstrual cycle,

a discharge is called menstruation and lasts three to seven days. It stops naturally by the

m a s
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age of 45–55 years. Menstruation is a natural process; myths and taboos about it have no
scientific basis.
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Adolescence also brings emotional and behavioural changes — stronger emotions than
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agl them repeatedly is called substance abuse. Say 'NO' the first time and every time. The
national de-addiction helpline is 14446.
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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Quick revision

TERM WHAT IT MEANS EXAMPLE / DETAIL POINT TO
FROM THE CHAPTER REMEMBER

Adolescence The stage of development Begins around 10 years Each person
between childhood and adulthood and can continue up to 19 experiences it at his or
years her own pace

Puberty The stage in which the body of Marked by the appearance Puberty is a part of
an adolescent undergoes external of secondary sexual adolescence — the two
and internal changes to develop characteristics words are not the same
into an adult capable of
reproduction

Secondary sexual Features that help distinguish Change in voice, facial and They are natural signs
characteristics males from females but are not chest hair in boys; that the body is
directly involved in reproduction development of breasts in preparing for adulthood
girls

Voice box A structure in our throat that Its growth in boys makes It grows in girls too, but
helps us to speak the voice sound hoarse less, so their voice
changes only slightly

Adam's apple The bump seen in the throat Seen in many adolescent It is not noticeable in
region because of the growing boys every individual — that
voice box too is normal

Acne and A skin condition in which small, Caused by increased oily Acne is the condition;
pimples reddish pimples appear, secretions that clog the pimples are a
commonly on the face skin pores and lead to manifestation of it
infections

Menstrual cycle The recurring cycle in adolescent Many healthy girls have It is one of the signs of
girls, generally every 28–30 days cycles of 21–35 days good reproductive
health

Menstruation The phase of the cycle when Lasts for three to seven Some pain or
blood discharge occurs from the days; stops naturally by 45– discomfort in the lower
body 55 years abdomen on these days
is common

Menstrual Staying clean and comfortable Sanitary pads (Fig. 6.1), Wrap a used pad in
hygiene during menstruation reusable cloth pads; MHS, newspaper and put it
RKSK and Suvidha schemes inside a dustbin —
never flush it

Substance abuse Using addictive substances such Causes breathing Say 'NO' the first time
as tobacco, gutka, alcohol or difficulties, memory loss and every time; helpline

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Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

TERM WHAT IT MEANS EXAMPLE / DETAIL POINT TO
FROM THE CHAPTER REMEMBER

drugs regularly and damage to the lungs 14446
(Fig. 6.5)

Cyberbullying Use of digital devices or online Misleading messages, false Do not feel scared or
platforms to harass others rumours, sharing personal helpless — tell parents
information without and teachers
consent (Fig. 6.4)

Hormones Certain chemicals produced in Produced in different parts They are the main
our bodies that regulate growth of the body, released in reason the changes of
and development response to signals from adolescence happen
the brain when they do

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