MBOSE Class 12 Sample Question Paper Philosophy (old)

Meghalaya Board of School Education

SAMPLE
PAPERS

PHILOSOPHY

Full Marks : 100
Time : 3 hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions

General Instructions :
(i) Write all the answers in the Answer Script.
(ii) Attempt Part—A (Objective Questions) serially.
(iii) Attempt all parts of a question together at one place.

( PART : A—OBJECTIVE )
( Marks : 50 )

SECTION—I
( Marks : 30 )

GROUP—A

1. Choose and write the correct answer (any ten) : 1×10=10

(a) Complete induction is the synonym for
(i) perfect induction
(ii) scientific induction
(iii) unscientific induction
(iv) analogy
/28 [ P.T.O.

( 2 )

(b) The primary or ultimate laws are
(i) laws of thought
(ii) laws of nature
(iii) laws of causation
(iv) Both laws of thought and nature

(c) The fallacy in which the relevant instances are being
overlooked is called a fallacy of
(i) analogy
(ii) mal-observation
(iii) non-observation of essential circumstances
(iv) non-observation of instances

(d) Perfect induction is also known as
(i) scientific induction
(ii) induction per simple enumeration
(iii) analogy
(iv) induction by complete enumeration

(e) The acting together of several causes producing a joint
effect is called
(i) the law of causation
(ii) plurality of cause
(iii) conjunction of causes
(iv) intermixture of effects
HS/XII/A/Pls/23/28 [ Contd.

( 3 )

(f) Hypothesis assumes
(i) two different forms
(ii) three different forms
(iii) four different forms
(iv) five different forms

(g) Bacon describes induction as
(i) a descending process
(ii) an ascending process
(iii) Both of the above
(iv) None of the above

(h) "q if p' is symbolized as
(i) p É q
(ii) p × q
(iii) q É p
(iv) q × p

(i) Characteristic imperfection is a defect of
(i) method of agreement
(ii) method of difference
(iii) method of residues
(iv) method of concomitant variation
HS/XII/A/Pls/23/28 [ P.T.O.

( 4 )

(j) The number of Astika Schools in Indian Philosophy is
(i) 3
(ii) 4
(iii) 9
(iv) 6
(k) A statement form that has only false substitution
instances is said to be a
(i) tautology
(ii) contradictory
(iii) contingent
(iv) None of the above
(l) The Method of Residues is regarded as a special
modification of the Method of
(i) Difference
(ii) Agreement
(iii) Residues
(iv) Concomitant variation
(m) Who defines "condition' to be any necessary factor of a
cause?
(i) Mill
(ii) Aristotle
(iii) Carveth Read
(iv) Bain
HS/XII/A/Pls/23/28 [ Contd.

( 5 )

(n) Mal-observation is a fallacy of
(i) petitio principi
(ii) wrong interpretation
(iii) overlooking
(iv) undistributed middle

GROUP—B

2. Write whether the following statements are True or False
(any ten) : 1×10=10

(a) Induction necessarily involves a passage from the
known to the unknown.

(b) Axioms are subject to proof.

(c) The cause does not precede the effect.

(d) Hypothesis is the starting point of induction.

(e) Analogy yields merely probable conclusion.

(f) ""Castor and Pollux were twins'' is a compound
statement.

(g) The Method of Agreement is the Method of Proof.
HS/XII/A/Pls/23/28 [ P.T.O.

( 6 )

(h) The term "observation' literally means keeping
something before the mind.

(i) Experiments enable us to multiply our instances
indefinitely.

(j) The Method of Residues is a subsidiary inductive
method.

(k) Descartes divides idea into two kinds.

(l) The fallacy of post hoc ergo propter hoc is the result of
careless use of the Method of Agreement.

(m) The ground of Induction is itself an Induction known as
Paradox of Induction.

(n) Darshana means vision of truth.

GROUP—C

3. Fill in the blanks (any ten) : 1×10=10
(a) False analogy is based on _____ point of similarity.

(b) Secondary laws are either empirical or _____.

(c) Causation implies _____ in time.

(d) Indian Philosophy is initially pessimism but ultimately
_____.

HS/XII/A/Pls/23/28 [ Contd.

( 7 )

(e) Two statements are said to be materially _____ when
they have the same truth value.

(f) The term "Colligation of Facts' was originally used by
_____.

(g) Observation _____ experiment.

(h) The Heterodox schools of Indian Philosophy do not
believe in the _____ of Vedas.

(i) According to Mill, induction is _____ to deduction.

(j) A negative condition is one that cannot be _____
without frustrating the effect.

(k) The hypothesis must be free from conflict with
established _____.

(l) Non-observation is a _____ fallacy.

(m) According to Locke, ""There is nothing in the _____
which was not previously in the sense''.

(n) Perfect induction is possible only when there is a _____
totality.
HS/XII/A/Pls/23/28 [ P.T.O.

( 8 )

SECTION—II
( Marks : 20 )

4. Answer the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences each
(any ten) : 2×10=20

(a) What is scientific induction?

(b) What is material truth?

(c) Define the method of concomitant variation.

(d) Distinguish between simple statement and compound
statement.

(e) What is homogeneous intermixture of effects?

(f) Name the different experimental methods as suggested
by Mill.

(g) Distinguish between Orthodox and Heterodox Schools
of Indian Philosophy.

(h) State one condition of a valid hypothesis.

(i) What is a negative condition according to Mill?

(j) Distinguish between moving power and collocation.
HS/XII/A/Pls/23/28 [ Contd.

( 9 )

(k) What is conjunction?

(l) What is an innate idea?

(m) What is induction by parity of reasoning?

(n) What is rationalism?

( PART : B—DESCRIPTIVE )
( Marks : 50 )

Answer Question No. 5 and any three from the rest

5. (a) Symbolize any four of the following : 2½×4=10
(i) If Amherst wins its first game then Baltimore will
not win the game.
(ii) It is not true that Ed will get the prize but Fred
won't.
(iii) If dogs can fly if and only if dogs have wings, then
either dogs cannot fly or dogs have wings.
(iv) It is not the case that if we do not go swimming
then the sky is not clear.
(v) Either Alice or Carol will go to the picnic, but
they will not both go to the picnic.
(vi) If the weather is warm and the sky is clear then
we go swimming and we go boating.
HS/XII/A/Pls/23/28 [ P.T.O.

( 10 )

(b) Use truth table to determine the validity or invalidity of
any two of the following argument forms : 5×2=10
(i) p É q
\ ~p É ~ q
(ii) p Ú (q × ~ p)
p
\ ~ (q × ~ p)
(iii) ( p É q ) × ( p É r )
p
\qÚr
(iv) p É q
~ ( p ×q )
\ p Úq

6. ""The difference between deduction and induction is not one
of principle but of starting point.'' Discuss. 10

7. What is a cause according to Carveth Read? Explain its
marks or characteristics. 2+8=10

8. Explain empiricism as a theory of knowledge. 10

9. ""Observation and experiment do not differ in kind but only
in degree.'' Discuss. 10
HS/XII/A/Pls/23/28 [ Contd.

( 11 )

10. What is hypothesis? What are the forms of hypothesis?
2+8=10

11. Explain the Method of Difference with examples. 10

12. Write short notes on any two of the following : 5×2=10
(a) Good analogy and bad analogy
(b) Distinctive features of Indian Philosophy
(c) Law of uniformity of nature
(d) Fallacies of observation

HHH

HS/XII/A/Pls/23/28 K23—7040

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