CBSE Class 12 Political Science Question Paper 2020 Set 59-2-2 Solutions

Strictly Confidential: (For Internal and Restricted use only)
Senior School Certificate Examination-2020
Marking Scheme – POLITICAL SCIENCE
(SUBJECT CODE : 028) (PAPER CODE : 59/2/2)
General Instructions: -

1. You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct
assessment of the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious
problems which may affect the future of the candidates, education system and teaching
profession. To avoid mistakes, it is requested that before starting evaluation, you must
read and understand the spot evaluation guidelines carefully. Evaluation is a 10-12
days mission for all of us. Hence, it is necessary that you put in your best efforts
in this process.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should
not be done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking
Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while
evaluating, answers which are based on latest information or knowledge and/or
are innovative, they may be assessed for their correctness otherwise and marks
be awarded to them.
3. The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each
evaluator on the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the
instructions given in the Marking Scheme. The remaining answer books meant for
evaluation shall be given only after ensuring that there is no significant variation in the
marking of individual evaluators.
4. Evaluators will mark( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer ‘X”be marked.
Evaluators will not put right kind of mark while evaluating which gives an impression that
answer is correct and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which
evaluators are committing.
5. If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the
left-hand margin and encircled. This may be followed strictly.
6. If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin
and encircled. This may also be followed strictly.
7. If a student has attempted an extra question, answer of the question deserving more
marks should be retained and the other answer scored out.
8. No marks to be deducted for the cumulative effect of an error. It should be penalized
only once.
9. A full scale of marks 0-80 has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if
the answer deserves it.
10. Every examiner has to necessarily do evaluation work for full working hours i.e. 8 hours
every day and evaluate 20 answer books per day in main subjects and 25 answer books
per day in other subjects (Details are given in Spot Guidelines).
11. Ensure that you do not make the following common types of errors committed by the
Examiner in the past:-
 Leaving answer or part thereof unassessed in an answer book.
 Giving more marks for an answer than assigned to it.
 Wrong totaling of marks awarded on a reply.
 Wrong transfer of marks from the inside pages of the answer book to the title page.
 Wrong question wise totaling on the title page.
 Wrong totaling of marks of the two columns on the title page.
 Wrong grand total.
 Marks in words and figures not tallying.
 Wrong transfer of marks from the answer book to online award list.
 Answers marked as correct, but marks not awarded. (Ensure that the right tick mark
is correctly and clearly indicated. It should merely be a line. Same is with the X for
incorrect answer.)

 Half or a part of answer marked correct and the rest as wrong, but no marks
awarded.

12. While evaluating the answer books if the answer is found to be totally incorrect, it should
be marked as cross (X) and awarded zero (0)Marks.

13. Any unassessed portion, non-carrying over of marks to the title page, or totaling error
detected by the candidate shall damage the prestige of all the personnel engaged in the
evaluation work as also of the Board. Hence, in order to uphold the prestige of all
concerned, it is again reiterated that the instructions be followed meticulously and
judiciously.

14. The Examiners should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the Guidelines
for spot Evaluation before starting the actual evaluation.

15. Every Examiner shall also ensure that all the answers are evaluated, marks carried over
to the title page, correctly totaled and written in figures and words.

16. The Board permits candidates to obtain photocopy of the Answer Book on request in an
RTI application and also separately as a part of the re-evaluation process on payment of
the processing charges.

SECTION - A

Q-1. Which war is known as the ‘computer war’ ?
OR
What was the earlier name of Sri Lanka ?
Ans. First Gulf War P-34
1
OR P-72
Ceylon 1

Q 2. Who among the following was the author of the book titled ‘Economy
of Permanence’?

a) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
b) C. Rajagopalachari
c) Acharya Narendra Dev
d) J.C. Kumarappa

Ans. d) J.C. Kumarappa 1 P-55

Q 3. Analyse Chogyal’s role at the time of Sikkim’s merger with India as its
22nd State.

Ans. Chogyal did not accept the merger of Sikkim with India and his P-167
supporters accused the Government of India of foul play and use of
force. 1

Q 4. Suggest any one step that should be taken to make the World Trade
Organisation (WTO) more acceptable to the developing countries.

Ans. i) Transparency in its procedures. P-93
ii) It should not be influenced by big powers.
or any other relevant point.
(any one) 1
Q 5. Write the full name of the leader who played a prominent role in the
integration of Princely States with India.

Ans. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 1 P-17

Q 6. What is meant by cultural heterogenisation ?

Ans. Globalisation leads to each culture becoming more different and P- 144
distinctive. This phenomenon is called cultural heterogenisation. 1

1

Q 7. Assess the outcome of the Assam Accord of 1985.

Ans. Assam Accord brought peace and changed the face of politics in Assam. P-165
But it did not solve the problem of immigration. 1

Q 8. The foreign policy of a nation is affected by which factors ? Choose the
correct answer.
a) Cultural factors only
b) Domestic factors only
c) Domestic and international factors
d) Economic factors only
Ans. c) Domestic and international factors 1 P-67

Q 9. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) came into being after
the Socialist Revolution in Russia in __________
a) 1914
b) 1917
c) 1939
d) 1991
Ans. b) 1917 1 P-18

Q 10. Do you agree that the proclamation of Emergency in 1975 weakened
the federal distribution of power in India ? Give any one argument to
support your answer.

Ans. • Yes P-109
i) During the emergency, distribution of powers was suspended. All
the powers came into the hands of the Central government.
ii) Fundamental rights were restricted.
(any one) 1
Q 11. Correct the statement given below and rewrite it in your answer-book:

After Nehru , Atal Behari Vajpayee became the first Prime Minister to
visit China in 1988 to improve the relations between the two countries.

Ans. After Nehru ,Rajeev Gandhi became the first Prime Minister to visit P-73
China in 1988 to improve the relations between two countries. 1

Q 12. Which one of the following was the last to happen ?

a) Foundation of NATO
b) First World War
c) Dropping of Atomic bombs on Hiroshima
d) First NAM Summit

2

Ans. d) First NAM Summit 1 P-10

Q 13. In your opinion, which major factor was responsible for the dominance
of the Congress Party in the first three general elections in India ?

Ans. i) It had inherited the legacy of the national movement. P-30
ii) It was the only party at that time which had organizations all over
India.
iii) It had Nehru’s charismatic leadership.

Or any other relevant point.
(any one) 1

Q14. Explain the term ‘The Congress Syndicate’.

Ans. i) A group of powerful and influential leaders from within the P-92
Congress who played a major role in the installation of Indira Gandhi
and Lal Bahadur Shastri as PM.
ii) It was a group of senior leaders like K. Kamraj, S. K. Patil, N. Sanjeeva
Reddy etc. within the Congress.
Or any other relevant point. 1
(any one)
Q. 15. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate name of the State:
The ‘_________ Model’ is the name given to the path of planning and
development charted by the State of _______.
Ans. Kerala, Kerala ½+½=1 P-54

Q 16. Why was Anti – Arrack Movement called totally a women’s movement ?

Ans. (i) The movement provided a platform for women to discuss private P-138
issues of domestic violence.

(ii) This movement focused on issues of sexual violence against
women either within family or outside.

(iii) Women joined the campaign against dowry and demanded
personal and property laws based ongender equality.

(iv) These campaigns contributed a great deal in increasing social
awareness as well as shifted from legal reforms to open social
confrontations.

(any one ) 1

3

Q17. Write the full form of SEATO.

Ans Southeast Asian Treaty Organisation 1 P-6

Q 18. Identify the following statement as true or false. Give any one example
to justify your answer.

“The countries of the North are more concerned about the protection
of the global commons than the countries of the South.”
Ans. • True P-121

• North is developed and having infrastructure and better
technology for support of global commons. 1

Q 19. Which among the following statements about the objectives for the
establishment of European Union is false ?
a) To provide a common foreign policy
b) Creation of a single currency
c) Establishment of a common market
d) Cooperation on justice and home affairs
Ans. c) Establishment of a common market 1 P-52

Q 20. Identify the political party which lays emphasis on the idea of one
country, one culture and one nation.

a) Indian National Congress
b) Bhartiya JanaSangh
c) Swatantra Party
d) Communist Party of India

Ans. b) Bhartiya Jana Sangh 1 P-39

SECTION –B

Q 21. Differentiate between one –party dominance of India and the one-party
dominance of China.

Ans. Differences between one –party dominance of India and the one-party P-35
dominance of China –
i) Constitutionally China has only a single party to rule over the
country, while India has multi-party system.
ii) In China elections are manipulated through constitutional
provisions so that only single party rules the country. In India one party
dominance happened under democratic conditions through regular
general elections. 2
(any one)

4

Q22. Give any one suitable argument to support India’s candidature for the
permanent membership of the UN Security Council.

Ans. (i) India is world’s largest democracy. P-93
(ii) India has virtually participated in all of the initiatives of the U.N.
(iii) Its role in the UN’s peace keeping efforts is a long and substantial
one.
(iv) India’s economic emergence on the world stage, due to its
policies of liberalization and globalization, has enhanced its stake for
its membership to the Security Council.
(v) India has also made regular financial contribution to the UN and
never faltered on its payments.
(any one to be explained) 2

Q23. Describe any two effects of the students’ agitation of 1974 in Gujrat
on Indian politics .

Ans. i) The students’ protest was joined by major opposition parties and P-104
became widespread leading to the imposition of President’s rule in
the state. The opposition parties demanded fresh elections to the
state legislature.
ii) MorarjiDesai, announced that he would go on an indefinite fast if
fresh elections were not held in the State. Under intense
pressure,Assembly elections were held in Gujarat in June 1975. The 2x1=2
Congress was defeated in this election.

SECTION - C

Q24. What was the Tibet issue ? How did India help the Tibetan refugees ?

Ans. • In 1950, China took control of Tibet. Large sections of the Tibetan P-69
population opposed this takeover. In 1958, there was an armed
uprising in Tibet against China’s occupation. This was suppressed
by the Chinese forces. Sensing the worse situation, Dalai Lama
alongwith his thousands of followers crossed over to India and 2+2=4
sought asylum.

5

• India helped the Tibetan migrants to settle down by many ways ;
(i) In 1959 Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama sought asylum
which was granted.
(ii) A large number of Tibetans have also sought refuge in India,
particularly in Delhi.
(iii) In 1950s and 1960s, many Indian political leaders and parties
supported the cause of Tibet’s independence.
Q25. How far is it justified to say that a new chapter of peace and
cooperation might evolve in South Asia if all the countries in the region
allow free trade across the borders ?

Ans. • Arguments for the statement P-78
i) SAARC members signed SAFTA agreement which promised the
formation of a free trade zone for its members.
ii) India thinks that there are real economic benefits for all.
iii) A region that trades more freely will be able to cooperate better
on political issues.
(any two)
• Arguments against the statement
i) Some countries fear that it is a way to invade their markets.
ii) It may influence their societies and politics.
Or any other relevant point.
(any two) 2+2=4
Q26. Give any four arguments to prove that the Soviet Union had become
stagnant in administrative and political sense.

OR

If the Soviet Union had not disintegrated, how would that situation
have affected the world politics ?

Ans. i) The Communist party was not accountable to the people. 4x1=4 P-21
ii) Ordinary people were alienated by slow and stifling administration.
iii) Corruption was rampant.
iv) The system was unwilling to allow openness.
v) Bureaucrats gained more privileges than ordinary citizens.
vi) Centralisation of authority.
(any four)

OR

6

If the Soviet Union had not disintegrated, it would definitely have affected
the following developments.
P-23
i) Cold War confrontations would not have ended.
ii) United Nations would not have become the only super power of
the World.
iii) Most of the countries which were part of erstwhile USSR would 4x1=4
have never got independence.
iv) Accumulation of nuclear weapons would have continued endlessly.
Or any other relevant point.
(any four)

Q27. What is meant by ‘Other Backward Classes’? State the role of OBCs in
Indian politics.

Ans. • Other Backward Classes refers to the communities other than SC and P-180
ST who suffer from educational and social backwardness.
• Role of OBCs in Indian Politics:
i. The rise of non Congress parties that drew support from these
communities had first found expression at the national level in the
form of the Janata party government in 1977.
ii. In the 1980’s the Janata Dal brought together political groups with
strong support among OBC’s.
iii. The implementation of the Mandal Commission report further put
impact the politics of the ‘Other Backward Classes’.
iv. The 1980’s also saw the emergence of many parties that sought
better opportunities for OBC’s in education, employment and
1+3=4
power sharing.
(any three)
SECTION - D

Q28. Study the cartoon given below carefully and answer the questions that
follow:

7

a) What do the soldier and the pigeon shown in the cartoon symbolise ?
b) What message does the cartoon convey ?
c) As per the cartoon, what task is the soldier trying to accomplish ?

Ans. a) Pigeon symbolises peace and the army man represent the force 2+2+1=5 P-100
to maintain peace.
b) Sometimes it is essential to use force if peace has to be
maintained by the use of peace keeping force.
c) The soldier is trying to tame the bird which means to maintain
peace by using force.

Note : The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates
only in lieu of Q. No. 28.

28.1 What is meant by alliance building as a component of traditional
security policy?

28.2 Distinguish between the internal and external notion of traditional
security with the help of examples.

Ans.

28.1 Alliance building as a component of traditional security policy is a P-
coalition of states that coordinates their actions to deter or defend 101-
against military attacks. Most alliances are formalised in written 103
treaties and are based on a fairly clear identification of who
constitutes the threat.

28.2
• Internal notion of traditional security:-
(i) Internal military conflicts.
(ii) Separatist movements .
(iii) Internal wars or civil wars

8

• External notion of traditional security:-
(i) Danger to a country from military threats.
(ii) Deterrence, defence and balance of power. 2+1½
(iii) Alliance building as components of traditional security. +1½=5

Q29. Study the passage given below carefully and answer the question that
follow :
Each of these countries wasrequired to make a total shift toa capitalist
economy, whichmeant rooting out completelyany structures evolved
duringthe Soviet period. Above all, Shock therapy meant that private
ownershipwas to be the dominant patternof ownership of
property.Privatisation of state assets andcorporate ownership
patternswere to be immediately broughtin. Collective farms were to
bereplaced by private farming andcapitalism in agriculture. Thistransition
ruled out anyalternate or ‘third way’, otherthan state-controlled
socialismor capitalism.

a) What is meant by private ownership?
b) Why were collective farms to be replaced by private farming ? Give
any two reasons.
c) Highlight any two advantages of state-controlled socialism.

Ans. a) It means that rights of owning lie with the individuals or families or P-24
group where the state cannot interfere.
b) i) Under collective farming,even the non performers got equal
share.
ii) The quality or standard was not upto the mark.
Or any other relevant point.
(any two)
c) i) Ensures a minimum standard of living for all citizens.
ii) Government subsidises basic necessities like health, education,
child care and other welfare schemes.
1+2+2=5

Q30. Study the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that
follow :

Thus it was decided that what was till then known as ‘India’ would be
divided into two countries, ‘India’ and ‘Pakistan’. Such a division was not
only very painful, but also very difficult to decide and to implement. It
was decided to follow the principle of religious majorities. This basically
means that areas where the Muslims were in majority would make up

9

the territory of Pakistan. The rest was to stay with India. The idea might
appear simple, but it presented all kinds of difficulties.

a) Why did the partition of India in 1947 prove to be very painful.
b) Analyse any two major difficulties that arose in the way of
partition.
c) What would have been India’s position in the world, had there
been no partition of India ?

Ans. a) i) It was the largest, most abrupt, unplanned and tragic P-8
transfer of population.
ii) There were killings and atrocities on both the sides of the
border.
b) i) There was no single belt of Muslim majority areas in British India.
ii) All Muslim majority areas did not want to be in Pakistan. For
example
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’, was
staunchly
opposed to the two-nation theory.
iii) Two of the Muslim majority provinces of British India, Punjab and
Bengal, had very large areas where the non-Muslims were also in
large
number.
iv) Lakhs of Hindus and Sikhs in the areas that were now in Pakistan
and
an equally large number of Muslims on the Indian side of Punjab
and
Bengal found themselves trapped.
(any two)
c) i) India would have been much larger nation
ii) India would have been playing much vital role in world scenario.
iii) There would not have been any Kashmir issue and terrorist
problems.
Or any other relevant point.
(any two) 1+2+2=5
Q31. In the given political outline map of India, five states have been marked
as (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E). Identify these states on the basis of
information given below and write their correct names in your answer
book along with the respective serial number of the information used
and the concerned alphabet in the Map as per the following format.

10

Sr. No. of the Concerned alphabet Name of the state
information used in the map
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
i) The State related to Anti-Arrack Movement.
ii) The State related to movement to Right to Information.
iii) The State where ‘Operation Blue Star’ was launched.
iv) Recently created Union Territory .
v) Insurgency affected region which became a State in 1986.

Ans.
Sr. No. of the Alphabet concerned Name of the State
information used
(i) C Andhra Pradesh
(ii) D Rajasthan
(iii) A Punjab
(iv) E Jammu & Kashmir 5x1=5
(v) B Mizoram

11

Note : The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates only,
in lieu of Q. no. 31.

31.1 Which State is related to Anti-Arrack Movement ?

31.2 The movement for ‘Right to Information’ was started in which
state?

31.3 ‘Operation Blue Star’ is related to which State?

31.4 Name the two recently created Union Territories.

31.5 Name the 22nd state of Indian Union which came into existence in
1975.

Ans.31.1 Andhra Pradesh
31.2 Rajasthan
31.3 Punjab
31.4 i) Jammu & Kashmir ii) Ladakh
31.5 Sikkim 5x1=5
SECTION - E

Q32. Describe the circumstances under which the Presidential election of 1969
washeld. How did the outcome of this election affect the Congress Party?
OR
Describe any three lessons taught by the emergency of 1975.
Ans. • Circumstance under which Presidential elections of 1969 were P-93,
held
94
i. Death of President Zakir Hussain
ii. Factional rivalry between Syndicate and Indira Gandhi came in the
open
iii. Syndicate nominaties N. Sanjeeva Reddy as the candidate of Congress
for Presidential elections, but Indira Gandhi, the then Prime
Ministersupported V.V.Giri, an independent candidate.
iv. Congress President S.Nijalingappa issues whip asking all Congress MP’s
MLA’s to vote in Reddy’s favour. Supporters of Indira requisitioned
special meeting of AICC
v. PM calls for Conscience voting by Congress members.
(any three)

12

Outcomes of this election

i. Formalisation of split in the Congress Party.
ii. The Congress President expels Indira Gandhi – She claims her party as
original Congress.
iii. By November 1969 Syndicate was called as Congress (Organisation)
and Indira’s group was called Congress(Requisionist) - The two
factions were also described as Old and New Congress.
iv. Projection of the split was an ideological divide between Socialists
and Conservatives, between pro-rich and pro-poor. 3+3=6
(any three)
OR
The Lessons of emergency:
i. It is extremely difficult to do away with democracy in India.
ii. Many ambiguities regarding the emergency provision in
Constitution have been rectified. Now ‘internal’ Emergency can be
proclaimed only on the grounds of ‘armed rebellion’ and it is
necessary that the advice to the President to proclaim Emergency
P-
must be given in writing by the Council of Ministers.
117-
iii. Emergency made every citizen aware of their rights and civil
118
liberties in a democracy.
iv. No government in India can remain in power if it works against the
interest of the common people and is harsh toward the masses.
v. Brought to light the inability of the judiciary to protect civil
liberties effectively during the emergency.
vi. Implementation of the Emergency Rule took place through the
police and the administration. These institutions could not 3x2=6
function independently.
(any three to be explained)

Q33. Evaluate any three steps taken by the Indian Government to check the
environmental degradation.
OR
Assess the impact of technology in the spread of globalization.

Ans. Steps taken by the Indian government to check the Environmental P-126
Degradation :-
(i) National Auto-fuel policy
Indian National Auto Fuel Policy mandates cleaner fuels for
vehicles.

13

(ii) Energy Conservation Act
The Energy Conservation Act passed in 2001, outlines initiatives 3x2=6
to improve energy efficiency. The Electricity Act of 2003
encourages the use of renewable energy.
(iii) National Mission on Biodiesel
The Indian Government is also keen to launch a National
Mission on Biodisesel, using about 11 million hectres of land
to produce Biodiesel, India has one of the largest renewable
energy programmes in the world.
Or any other relevant step
(any three to be explained)
OR

Technology contributed to globalization in many ways
(i) Invention of the telegraph, the telephone and the microchip
improved communications in the world.
(ii) Better and faster transportation system
6 P-138
(iii)The movement of ideas, capital and commodities by
technological advances
(iv) New technology of printing and internet facility.
Or any other relevant step
(any three to be explained)
Q34. Explain any three different ways in which American hegemony could be
overcome.

OR

Explain any three factors responsible for the European Union to be a
highly influential regional organization.

Ans. i) Bandwagon Strategy - The best way to resist hegemony is to work 3x2=6 P-47
with rather than against the hegemony. So, instead of engaging in
activities opposed to hegemonic power, it may be to extract benefits
by operating within the hegemonic system.
ii) Hide Strategy – Another strategy implies staying away from the
dominant power as fas as possible. All the big powers like China,
Russia, the European Union are seeking to stay below the radar but
this cannot go on for a long time.
iii) Combination of NGOs, social movements and public opinion-
Therefore, challenges to the US hegemony will emerge in the

14

economic and cultural realms and will come from a contribution of
Non-Governmental organization Social movements and public
opinion.

OR

Factors responsible for the European Union to be a highly influential
regional organization:-

(i) Influence of EU in economic fields :-
• The EU is the world’s biggest economy.
• Its currency, the Euro can pose threat to the dominance of the US 3x2=6 P-53-
dollar also. 54
• Its economic power gives it influence over its closest neighbours as
well as in Asia and Africa.
• Its share of world trade is 3 times larger that of the US.
(any two)
(ii) Influence of EU in Political/diplomatic fields :-
• Its two members Britain and France hold permanent seats in the UN
Security Council.
• It also includes several non-permanent members of the UNSC.
• The EU has influenced some US policies such as the current US
position on Iran’s nuclear programme.
(any two)
(iii) Influence of EU in military fields :-
• The EU’s combined Armed Forces are the second largest in the
world.
• Its total spending on defence is second after the US.
• Its two members Britain and France also have nuclear arsenals of
approximately 550 nuclear war heads.
(any two)

15