CBSE Class 12 Political Science Question Paper 2020 Set 59-3-2 Solutions

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Senior School Certificate Examination-2020
Marking Scheme – POLITICAL SCIENCE
(SUBJECT CODE : 028) (PAPER CODE : 59/3/2)
General Instructions: -

1. You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct
assessment of the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious
problems which may affect the future of the candidates, education system and teaching
profession. To avoid mistakes, it is requested that before starting evaluation, you must
read and understand the spot evaluation guidelines carefully. Evaluation is a 10-12
days mission for all of us. Hence, it is necessary that you put in your best efforts
in this process.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should
not be done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking
Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while
evaluating, answers which are based on latest information or knowledge and/or
are innovative, they may be assessed for their correctness otherwise and marks
be awarded to them.
3. The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each
evaluator on the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the
instructions given in the Marking Scheme. The remaining answer books meant for
evaluation shall be given only after ensuring that there is no significant variation in the
marking of individual evaluators.
4. Evaluators will mark( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer ‘X”be marked.
Evaluators will not put right kind of mark while evaluating which gives an impression that
answer is correct and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which
evaluators are committing.
5. If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the
left-hand margin and encircled. This may be followed strictly.
6. If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin
and encircled. This may also be followed strictly.
7. If a student has attempted an extra question, answer of the question deserving more
marks should be retained and the other answer scored out.
8. No marks to be deducted for the cumulative effect of an error. It should be penalized
only once.
9. A full scale of marks 0-80 has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if
the answer deserves it.
10. Every examiner has to necessarily do evaluation work for full working hours i.e. 8 hours
every day and evaluate 20 answer books per day in main subjects and 25 answer books
per day in other subjects (Details are given in Spot Guidelines).
11. Ensure that you do not make the following common types of errors committed by the
Examiner in the past:-
 Leaving answer or part thereof unassessed in an answer book.
 Giving more marks for an answer than assigned to it.
 Wrong totaling of marks awarded on a reply.
 Wrong transfer of marks from the inside pages of the answer book to the title page.
 Wrong question wise totaling on the title page.
 Wrong totaling of marks of the two columns on the title page.
 Wrong grand total.
 Marks in words and figures not tallying.
 Wrong transfer of marks from the answer book to online award list.
 Answers marked as correct, but marks not awarded. (Ensure that the right tick mark
is correctly and clearly indicated. It should merely be a line. Same is with the X for
incorrect answer.)

 Half or a part of answer marked correct and the rest as wrong, but no marks
awarded.

12. While evaluating the answer books if the answer is found to be totally incorrect, it should
be marked as cross (X) and awarded zero (0)Marks.

13. Any unassessed portion, non-carrying over of marks to the title page, or totaling error
detected by the candidate shall damage the prestige of all the personnel engaged in the
evaluation work as also of the Board. Hence, in order to uphold the prestige of all
concerned, it is again reiterated that the instructions be followed meticulously and
judiciously.

14. The Examiners should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the Guidelines
for spot Evaluation before starting the actual evaluation.

15. Every Examiner shall also ensure that all the answers are evaluated, marks carried over
to the title page, correctly totaled and written in figures and words.

16. The Board permits candidates to obtain photocopy of the Answer Book on request in an
RTI application and also separately as a part of the re-evaluation process on payment of
the processing charges.

SECTION – A
Q1 Complete the following sentence in a meaningful way. In
foreign policy, the government of Bill Clinton tended to focus
on soft issues like______and_______
OR
Which political party dominated the political affairs of
Maldives in 2005?
Ans Democracy promotion and climate change /world trade. ½+½ Pg 34
OR =1
Maldivian Democratic party(MDP) 1 Pg 67
Q2. Complete the following statement in a meaningful way:
The ‘Bombay Plan’ wanted India to take major initiatives in
investment.

Ans Industrial or Economic 1 Pg 51
(Anyone or Both)
Q3. What was the main reason for the Kargil conflict to draw
worldwide attention ?
One year prior to the Kargil conflict both India and Pakistan 1 Pg 76
attained nuclear capability.
Ans
Q4. Identify whether the following statement about the Earth
Summit, 1992 is true or false.
For the first time, environmental issues within the arena of
global politics were firmly consolidated at the Earth Summit in
1992.
Ans True 1 Pg
120
Q5. Suggest any one measure that should be taken to make the
WTO more acceptable to the developing countries.

Ans i) Transparency in its procedure 1 Pg 93
ii) It should not be pushed by big powers .(Any One)
Q6. By whom was the ‘two-nation theory' advanced ?
Ans The Muslim League 1 Pg 8
Q7. Mention the full name of the alliance that formed the
government at the Centre in 2014 and who headed that
government ?

Ans National Democratic Alliance (NDA) led by BJP ‘s Mr Narendra Modi ½ +½=1 Pg
190
Q8. Which one of the following Constitutional principles related to
Article 51 is incorrect?
(A) Promote international peace and security.
(B) Maintain good economic relations between nations.

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(C) Respect for international law and treaties.

(D) Encourage settlement of international disputes by
arbitration.
Ans (B) Maintain good economic relations between the Nations. 1 Pg
66
Q9. Complete the following sentence in a meaningful way: On the
global political stage, the consequences of the end of the
Second World War was the rise of_________.
Ans Two new powers 1 Pg 4
Q10 “Popular movements should not be discouraged.” Support
. the statement
by giving any one appropriate argument.

Ans (i) Popular movements reduce possibility of deep social 1
conflicts and disaffection from democracy Pg
(ii) They suggest new forms of active participation and 142
broaden the idea of participation in Indian democracy.
( Any One)
Q11 Indira Gandhi took time to settle down as Prime Minister. In
. your opinion, what was the main reason behind this?
Ans i) The senior Congress leaders expected that Indira Gandhi would 1
depend on them due to her inexperience in administration and Pg 85
politics.
(ii) The economic situations in the country had further deteriorated
during her tenure.
( Any one)
Q12 After the collapse of Communism, what was the major
. economic change in the post Communist countries?
Ans i)Socialism was replaced by capitalism 1 Pg 24
ii) Public sector was replaced by privatisation
Q13 Highlight any one of the major changes introduced in the
. voting methods in India towards the end of 1990s.

Ans Use of EVM 1 Pg 29

Q14 Examine the two major challenges faced by India during the
. Prime Ministership of Lal Bahadur Shastri.
i) Economic implication of the war with China.
Ans ii) Failed monsoon , drought and serious food crisis. ½ x2=1 Pg
84
Q15. Which one of the following ideas was not part of the early
phases of India's development policy?
(A) Liberalisation
(B)Planning

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(C)Alleviation of rural poverty
(D)Social justice

(A) Liberalisation 1 Pg
Ans
49
Q16 When did Goa become a State of the Indian Union ?
Ans 1987 1 Pg
169
Q17 Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
. Cuba was an ally of the Soviet Union and received both
______and _____aid from it.
Ans Diplomatic and financial 2x ½ =1 Pg 2

Q18. Correct the following statement and rewrite it in your answer-
book:
An alliance building is a coalition of NGOs that coordinates
their actions to defend against non-traditional security.
Ans Alliance building is a coalition of states that co-ordinate their 1 Pg
actions to defend against military attack. 102

Q19 Which one among the following objectives for the formation of
. ASEAN is
incorrect?
(A) A forum of interaction among the ASEAN members:
(B) To create a defence policy to be followed by its members.
(C) To create a common market in the region.
(D) To stop territorial disputes
Ans (B)To create defence policy to be followed by its members. 1 Pg 55
Q20 Which political party of India worked mainly from within the
. fold of the Indian National Congress from 1935 to 1941 before
parting ways?
(A) Socialist Party
(B) Bharatiya Jana Sangh
(C) Swatantra Party
(D)Communist Party of India
Ans (D) Communist Party of India 1 Pg 37
SECTION B
Q21 Examine any two areas of disagreement with respect to the
. model of economic development adopted in India after
independence.

3

Ans The areas of disagreement:-
. i. State did not spend any significant amount for public
education and healthcare. 2x1=2 Pg-
ii. State controlled more things that led to inefficiency and 56,
corruption. 57
(or any other relevant point) (Any two)
Q22 Justify with the help of any two examples that technology
gives a boost to globalization
Ans The two examples :-
. i. Improved communication and transportation promote
globalisation. 2x1=2
ii. New technology of printing and internet facility also promote Pg-
globalization. 138
(or any other relevant point) (Any two)
Q23 Mention any two effects of the Emergency imposed in 1975,
on the Right to life and liberty of citizens of India.
Ans i. The government made large scale arrest under preventive Pg
. detention. 112
ii. Press censorship. 2x1=2
iii. Controversial judgments of the Supreme Court of taking citizen’s
right of life and liberty during emergency.
(Any two)

SECTION C
Q24 Describe the circumstances that forced the Tibetans to leave
China. Highlight India's role in helping the Tibetan refugees.
Ans i) Circumstances that forced to leave China were that in 2+2=4 Pg 69
. 1950. China annexed Tibet and a large section of
Tibetans opposed this takeover . In 1958, there was
armed uprising in Tibet against China’s occupation.
ii) India supported the cause of Tibet’s independence and
in India Tibetan refugee settlements took place. They
were helped to resettle in many ways.
Q25 Why did the Soviet System become so weak and the economy
. stagnated by the end of 1990. Explain any two reasons.
OR
In which two ways did the non-aligned posture serve India's
interest very directly ? Explain.
Ans Reasons:-
. i.The soviet economy used much of its resources in maintaining a
nuclear and military arsenal.
ii.The development of its satellite states in Eastern Europe led to a 2x2=4 Pg-
huge economic burden. 20,21
iii.Ordinary citizens became more knowledgeable about the
economic advance of the west.
iv.The communist party was not accountable to the people.
(Any Two to be explained)

4

Or
Two Ways:- 2x2=4 Pg-12
i.Non-alignment allowed India to take international decisions and
stances that served its interests.
ii.India was often able to balance one superpower against the other.
Q26 Why has the democratic system not been stable in Pakistan ?
. Explain any two reasons.

Ans Reasons:-
. i. The social dominance of military, clergy and the landowning
aristocracy.
ii. Pakistan’s conflict with India. 2x2=4 Pg-69
iii. Lack of genuine international support for democratic rule in
Pakistan.
iv. Global Islamic terrorism.
(Any Two to be explained)
Q27 How did the outcome of Lok Sabha elections in 1989 initiate
an era of coalition governments at the Centre in India ?
Ans The Congress was the largest party but did not achieve a simple 4 Pg
. majority, hence it decided to act as opposition party. This led to 176
National Front.
It received a major support from BJP and left front . BJP and Left
front did not join the government but gave support from outside.
The coalition era had many PMs and some of them held office for
short duration.
SECTION D
Q28 Study the cartoon given below carefully and answer the
questions that follow :

GLOBAL WARMING

(a)What is meant by global warming?
(b)Why are the fingers shown in the cartoon designed like
chimneys?
(c)What message does the world shown as a lighter, convey
to the mankind?
Ans (i) Overall rise in the temperature of the world due to various types 1+2+2=5 Pg11
. of pollutions. 9

5

(Any other definition).
Pg-
(ii) Because chimneys represent industries emitting pollutants and 119
poisonous gases which are harmful to the environment and human
health.
(iii) The world shown as a lighter indicates that the corrective actions Pg-
are taken by the world to protect the natural resources of the Earth. 120
There has been growing focus on environmental issues at the United
Nations Conferences on Environment and development .The problem of
pollution is being addressed all by all countries of the world.
Q28 Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired
Candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 28.
(28.1) Why have the issues of environment and natural
resources
become a part of world politics? Give any two reasons.
(28.2) Suggest any three measures to protect your
surroundings from pollution.
Ans For visually impaired candidates Pg
. (i)(a) Climate change, biodiversity forestry cannot be managed by 119
one country. 2+3=5 Pg
(b)The special needs of saving the environment and making it 122
sustainable must be taken into account in the development
application and interpretation of rules of international law
( any other relevant point)
Measures:-
(a)Follow National auto Fuel policy. Pg-
(b) Use renewable resources of energy. 124
(c)Promote awareness about global warming, environmental
degradation and promoting steps to manage the environment .
(Any other relevant measure).
Q29 Study the passage given below carefully and answer the
. questions that follow :
This was the moment Indians had been waiting for. You have
read in your history textbooks that there were many voices in
our national movement. But there were two goals almost
everyone agreed upon: one, that after Independence, we shall
run our country through democratic government; and two,
that the government will be run for the good of all, particularly
the poor and the socially disadvantaged groups. Now that the
country was independent, the time had come to realise the
promise of freedom. This was not going to be easy. India was
born in very difficult circumstances. Perhaps no other country
by then was born in a situation more difficult than that of India
in 1947.
(a)Explain the difficult circumstances in which India became
free in 1947.

6

(b)Highlight any two features of the Indian Constitution which
make India a democratic country.
(c) Mention any one constitutional provision meant for the
upliftment of the poor and the socially disadvantaged.
Ans a) Freedom came with the partition of India as the year 1947 2+2+1= Pg 3
. was a year of unprecedented violence and trauma of 5
displacement.
b) i) Universal Adult Franchise.
ii)Parliamentary form of Government.
c) i)Reservation for SC/ ST /OBCs.
ii)Various welfare schemes for the down rodeer
(Or any other provision.)
Q30 Read the passage given below carefully and answer the
. questions that follow :
It is important to remember that India chose to involve other
members of the non-aligned group in this mission. During the
Cold War, India repeatedly tried to activate those regional and
international organisations, which were not a part of the
alliances led by the superpowers. Nehru reposed great faith in
a genuine Commonwealth of free and cooperating nations that
would play a positive role in softening, if not ending, the Cold
War. (a) Which two superpowers led their alliances?
(b) What type of positive role was expected from the free and
cooperating nations?
(c) Why did India want to involve other members of the non-
aligned group in the said mission ?
Ans (i)The USA and USSR 1+2+2= Pg 12
. 5 ,
(ii)(a) Decolonised states share a historical affiliation and can 13
become a powerful force if they come together.
(b)Resolve to democratise the international system by thinking
about an alternative world order to redress existing inequities
(or any other role).

(iii) (a)India wanted to involve other members of NAM in this
mission to unite and strengthen the group.
(b)Active involvement would have an effective impact on the
alliances.
Q31 In the given political outline map of India (on page 17), five
. States have been marked as (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E). Identify
these States on the basis of the information given below and
write their correct names in your answer-book along with the
respective serial number of the information used and the
concerned alphabet given in the map as per the following
format:

7

Sr. no. of the Concerned Name of
information used alphabet
the
in the map
State
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(i) The State where the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi took
place.
(ii)The State related to B.P. Mandal who chaired the Second
Backward Classes Commission.
(iii) The region that became a separate State in 1986.
(iv) The State where the Left Parties won the majority of
LokSabha seats in 2004.
(v)The State where 'Operation Blue Star' took place.

Ans Sr. no. of the Concerned Name of the 5x1=5 Pg-
. information alphabet 175,
used State 182
in the map 162
(i) C Tamil Nadu 191
159
(ii) E Bihar
(iii) B Arunachal Pradesh
(iv) D Kerala
(v) A Punjab
Note: In part (iii) students will be given marks on writing
“Arunachal Pradesh “ although the year “1986” is written wrongly
in Q Paper as it should be “1987”.
Q31 Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired
. Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 31.
31.1)In which State did the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi take

8

place?
(31.2)B.P. Mandal was related to which State ?
(31.3)Name the State from where L.K. Advani started his
RathYatra.
(31.4)The former Prime Minister, H.D. DeveGowda was elected
from which State ?
(31.5)The Golden Temple is situated in which State?
Ans For visually impaired candidates 5x1=5 Pg-
. 1. Tamil Nadu 175
2. Bihar 182
3. Somnath in Gujarat 162
4. Karnataka 191
5. Punjab 159
SECTION E
Q32 Describe any six events of the year 1967 which made it a
. landmark year in India's political and electoral history.
OR
Describe the circumstances responsible for the declaration of
Emergency in India on 25th June, 1975.
Ans (i) The Country witnessed the worst Hindu Muslim riots and 6x1=6 Pg 86
. public protests. 87
(ii) Anti congress parties were formed resulting in electoral 88
adjustment of sharing seats in others.
(iii) The result of electoral verdict jolted the Congress at the
centre and in states.
(iv) Coalitions led to form joint legislative parties.
(v) Role played by defections in making and unmaking of
governments.
(vi) Decline in India's economy due to depletion of foreign
exchange lead to trigger in India’s political situation.
OR
(i) Conflict between the government and judiciary. Pg
6 x 1= 6
(ii) Rising prices and low growth rate. 108
(iii) Students movement in Bihar and Gujarat.
(iv) Railway strike of 1974.
(v) Massive demonstration organised by opponent party to
Congress.
(vi) Judgement of Allahabad high court against election
result of Indira Gandhi
(Any other relevant point) (Any six)
Q33 Analyse the political impact of the US hegemony on the world.
. OR
Assess the three main pillars of the ASEAN Community.

9

Ans i)US power of its military capabilities is unmatched.
. ii) In the context of the world economy, the global public goods are
sea lanes of communications which has increased trade relations Pg
of US. 6 x 1=6 38-43
iii) US has high structural power in terms of its MBA degree.
iv)US has the most seductive and powerful culture on the earth.
v)US accounts for 15% of World Trade.
vi)World bank, IMF and WTO are assumed as the products of
Amercian hegemony
(or any other relevant point.)
OR
ASEAN Pg56,
i)Security community- It is based upon the conviction that 3x2=6 57
disputes should not escalate into armed confrontations.

ii)Economic Community- Its objective to create a common
market, for the development of he region. It also serves as a
trading and investment partner to the growing ASEAN economies.

iii) Socio cultural community- The community of social
development and environmental protection uplifts the quality of life
of its people through cooperative activities.
Q34 Highlight any six criteria proposed for the new permanent and
. non-permanent members of the UN Security Council.
OR
Distinguish between the internal and external notions of
traditional security.
Ans ( i) A major economic power
. (ii) A major military power 6x1=6
(iii) A substantial contributor to the UN budget Pg
(iv)A big nation in terms of its population 104
(v) A nation that respects democracy and human rights.
(vi) A country that would make the council more representative of
the world's diversity in terms of geography ,economic systems and
culture.
OR
Internal notion of Traditional security
(i)Internal military conflicts
(ii)Separatist movements
(iii)Internal violence and wars (Any other relevant points) Pg
3+3=6 103
External notion of traditional security
(i)External military threats
(ii)Deterance , defence and balance of power
(iii) Alliance building
(iv) Threat of war
(Any three)

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