CBSE Class 12 Political Science Question Paper 2020 Set 59-4-1 Solutions

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Senior School Certificate Examination-2020
Marking Scheme – POLITICAL SCIENCE
(SUBJECT CODE : 028) (PAPER CODE : 59/4/1)
General Instructions: -

1. You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct
assessment of the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious
problems which may affect the future of the candidates, education system and teaching
profession. To avoid mistakes, it is requested that before starting evaluation, you must
read and understand the spot evaluation guidelines carefully. Evaluation is a 10-12
days mission for all of us. Hence, it is necessary that you put in your best efforts
in this process.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should
not be done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking
Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while
evaluating, answers which are based on latest information or knowledge and/or
are innovative, they may be assessed for their correctness otherwise and marks
be awarded to them.
3. The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each
evaluator on the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the
instructions given in the Marking Scheme. The remaining answer books meant for
evaluation shall be given only after ensuring that there is no significant variation in the
marking of individual evaluators.
4. Evaluators will mark( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer ‘X”be marked.
Evaluators will not put right kind of mark while evaluating which gives an impression that
answer is correct and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which
evaluators are committing.
5. If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the
left-hand margin and encircled. This may be followed strictly.
6. If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin
and encircled. This may also be followed strictly.
7. If a student has attempted an extra question, answer of the question deserving more
marks should be retained and the other answer scored out.
8. No marks to be deducted for the cumulative effect of an error. It should be penalized
only once.
9. A full scale of marks 0-80 has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if
the answer deserves it.
10. Every examiner has to necessarily do evaluation work for full working hours i.e. 8 hours
every day and evaluate 20 answer books per day in main subjects and 25 answer books
per day in other subjects (Details are given in Spot Guidelines).
11. Ensure that you do not make the following common types of errors committed by the
Examiner in the past:-
 Leaving answer or part thereof unassessed in an answer book.
 Giving more marks for an answer than assigned to it.
 Wrong totaling of marks awarded on a reply.
 Wrong transfer of marks from the inside pages of the answer book to the title page.
 Wrong question wise totaling on the title page.
 Wrong totaling of marks of the two columns on the title page.
 Wrong grand total.
 Marks in words and figures not tallying.
 Wrong transfer of marks from the answer book to online award list.
 Answers marked as correct, but marks not awarded. (Ensure that the right tick mark
is correctly and clearly indicated. It should merely be a line. Same is with the X for
incorrect answer.)

 Half or a part of answer marked correct and the rest as wrong, but no marks
awarded.

12. While evaluating the answer books if the answer is found to be totally incorrect, it should
be marked as cross (X) and awarded zero (0)Marks.

13. Any unassessed portion, non-carrying over of marks to the title page, or totaling error
detected by the candidate shall damage the prestige of all the personnel engaged in the
evaluation work as also of the Board. Hence, in order to uphold the prestige of all
concerned, it is again reiterated that the instructions be followed meticulously and
judiciously.

14. The Examiners should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the Guidelines
for spot Evaluation before starting the actual evaluation.

15. Every Examiner shall also ensure that all the answers are evaluated, marks carried over
to the title page, correctly totaled and written in figures and words.

16. The Board permits candidates to obtain photocopy of the Answer Book on request in an
RTI application and also separately as a part of the re-evaluation process on payment of
the processing charges.

SECTION – A
Q1. Explain the meaning of 'Shock Therapy'.
OR
After the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union, why was
the process of transition called a painful one?
Ans Pg 24
The model of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a
democratic capitalist system influenced by the world bank and the
IMF is known as SHOCK THERAPY.
OR
After the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union, the process
of transition was painful as this transition was from an authoritarian Pg 24
socialist system to a democratic capitalist system. It was a shock 1
for other countries.
Q2. Fill in the blank with a suitable word to make the sentence
meaningful. "Soviet Union represented the ideology
of______during the Cold War.
Ans Soviet Union represented the ideology of Socialism \ Communism
during the Cold War. 1 Pg 3
(Anyone)
Q3. What was the core idea behind Non-alignment ?

Ans Core Idea behind NAM-
i. To democratise international system by thinking about an
alternative world order to redress existing inequalities. 1
ii. Idea based on recognition that decolonized States share Pg 13
historical affliation and can become a powerful force if they
come together

Any other relevant point (Any one)

Q4. Which one of the following was NOT an outcome of Shock
Therapy?
(a) The old system of social welfare got destroyed.
(b) Industries were put up for sale to the private sector.
(c) The value of the Russian currency, the 'Ruble rose
dramatically.
(d) Russia started to import food grains.

Ans (c)The value of the Russian currency, the ‘Ruble’ rose dramatically 1 Pg 25
Q5. The U.N. was founded as a successor to which international
organization?

Ans The UN was founded as a successor to League of Nations. 1 Pg 84

Page 1

Q6. Complete the sentence to make it meaningful. Even after the
U.N. refused to give its mandate to the invasion, President
Clinton ordered “Operation
Ans Operation Infinite Reach 1 Pg 24
Q7. Write the full form of ASEAN..
Ans Association of South East Asian Nations 1 Pg 55

Q8. As permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, which
special power do Britain and France enjoy?

Ans Britain and France enjoy VETO POWER 1 Pg 54
Q9. Which one of the following is a right cause of globalisation ?
(a) The U.S. people initiated globalisation.
(b) Technology led to globalisation.
(c) The Cold War led to globalisation.
(d) The policy of Non-alignment led to globalisation.

Ans (b)Technology led to globalization 1 Pg 138
Q10. Correct and rewrite the following sentence in your answer
book.
Global commons are those resources which are owned by big
countries only
Ans Global Commons are those resources which are not owned by 1 Pg 20
anyone country but are common to all.
Q11. Why was the United Front government of 1996 similar to the
National Front Government of 1989?
Ans • United front government of 1996 National Front government of 1 Pg 177
1989 were similar as both were coalition governments’ i.e.
governments were formed with the support of regional parties.
• They were supported by the left front.
(Any one)
Q12. What was the Two Nation Theory as advanced by the Muslim
League ?
Ans The two Nation Theory stated that India consisted of not one but two 1 Pg 8
people Hindus and Muslims. Hence, a separate country for Muslims
is required and was demanded.
Q13. Which one of the following was not a part of the early
development policy?
(a) Planning
(b) Self sufficiency
(c) Privatisation
(d) Social and economic justice
Ans (c) Privatisation
1 Pg 49

Page 2

Q14. When and why did the Communist Party of India go through a
major split ?
Ans Communist party of India went through a major split in 1964 due to Pg 37
ideological rift between Soviet Union and China. 1

Q15. Is there any mention of‘ International Peace and Security’ in the
Constitution of India ? If yes, then where and under which
Article of the Constitution has it been mentioned?
Yes, International peace and security is mentioned in the Constitution
Ans 1 Pg 66
of India under Article 51 of Indian Constitution.
Q16. Show with the help of any one example when India refrained to
condemn the U.S.S.R. during the Cold War period.
Ans When USSR invaded Hungary in 1956, India did not join its public 1 Pg 67
condemnation.
(Any four points)
SECTION – D
Q17. Explain the meaning of 'Congress Syndicate' as a part of the
CongressParty.
Ans Syndicate was the name given to a group of powerful influential 1 Pg 92
leaders from within the Congress.
Analyse the reason for preponing the fifth General Elections in
Q18. India from1972 to 1971.
Reason for preponing of 5th General Election 1 Pg 96
Ans (i) The split in Congress led to Congress government in minority
(ii) To end Indira Gandhi’s dependence on other political parties
(iii) To strengthen her party position in Parliament

Or any other relevant reason (Any one)
Q19. Identify the Prime Minister of India from amongst the following
whoheaded the first Coalition Government in India.
(a) AtalBihari Vajpayee
(b) V.P. Singh
(c) Morarji Desai
(d) H.D. DeveGowda
Ans V.P.Singh (Morarji Desai can also be considered) 1 Pg
119
Q20 Give any one suitable argument to justify the Chipko
Movement.
Ans.. (i) The villagers were refused the permission to fell ash trees for 1 Pg
making agricultural tools but the same patch was allotted to 129
the commercial sports manufacturers.
(ii) This involved the larger issues of ecological and economic
exploitation of the region.
(iii) The locals demanded an effective control over natural
resources like land, water and forests.
Or any other relevant argument (Any one)

Page 3

SECTION -B
Q21 Distinguish between a 'Unipolar World' and a ‘Multipolar World.
Ans.. • In a unipolar world only a single power dominates whereas in 1+1 Pg 23
multipolar world the different countries or group of countries =2
would become important players in the international system.
• In a unipolar world international decisions are taken by the
superpower only whereas in multipolar, the decisions are
taken collectively.
Q22. List any four principal organs of the United Nations
Ans.. Principal organs of the UN 4X ½ Pg 85
1. Security Council =2
2. General Assembly
3. Economic and Social Council
4. Secretariat
Q23. Show with the help of any two examples that Indira Gandhi had
a leaning towards the ideology of socialism.
Ans.. Indira Gandhi had learning towards ideology of socialism – 2 x1 Pg 94

Examples =2
• She got the nationalisation of private banks done
• Privy purses for princely states were abolished .
• Ten point programme for alleviation of poverty was started.
(any two)
SECTION -C
Q24. Assess India's relations with China from a friendly note after
freedom to the Chinese invasion in 1962.
Ans.. India's relations with China- 4 Pg68

(i) Both became free in the same period and for a brief period,
China accepted the Panchsheel and slogan of Hindi- Chini
Bhai Bhai- became popular.
(ii) In 1950 China took over Tibet under its control and differences
arose between the two
(iii) Granting Assylum to the Dalai Lama and the border conflict in
1962.
(iv) China's continuous support to Pakistan has worsened the
relation between the two.
(To be assessed as a whole )
Q25. State any four policies and programmes of Bharatiya Jana
Sangh.

Ans.. Policies and programmes of Bhartiya JanaSangha- 4x1= Pg 39
i. The idea of one country, one culture and one nation. 4
ii. Called for reunion of India and Pakistan
iii. Was in forefront for replacement of English with Hindi as the
official language.
iv. Was against the concessions being offered to religious and

Page 4

cultural minorities.
v. Was in favour of the abolition of Art370 .

or any other relevant point ( Any four)
Q26. Explain the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. What role did India play
to help Sri Lanka in resolving this conflict?
OR
Highlight any four major policy decisions taken by the Chinese
leadership after 1970 for modernization of China.
Ans.. Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka 2+2 Pg 73
(i) The Sri Lankan conflict was between the dominating majority =4
of Sinhala community and a large number of Tamils who had
migrated from India to Sri Lanka and settled there.
(ii) The Tamils in Sri Lanka ,under the banner of LTTE, demanded
Tamil Ealem which means a separate country for the Tamils of
Sri Lanka.
So basically,it was an ethnic conflict between the Sinhales and the
Tamils.
India’s Role
(i) The Government of India tried to negotiate with Sri Lankan
Government on the Tamilian issues.
(ii) India signed an Accord with Sri Lanka and sent troops to stabilize
relations between the two countries.
(iii) The Indian Army got into a fight with the LTTE, on the other hand
Srilankans also didn't like the presence of Indian Army.
(iv) In 1989, the Indian Peace Keeping Force pulled out of Sri Lanka
without attaining the objective.
OR

Four major policy decisions taken by the Chinese leadership-
(i) China ended its political and economic isolation and
Pg 59
established relations with the US.
(ii) Adoption of open door policy .
(iii) Economic reforms in China.
(iv) Privatisation of agriculture and industry.
(v) Special economic zones were set up for foreign investors.
4 x1
Or any other point ( Any four) =4
Q27. Analyse any two major developments after 1980 that led to a
cycle of violence in Punjab.
Ans.. Two major developments after 1980 2x2 Pg 159
(i) Operation Blue star in 1984 =4
(ii) Assassination of Indira Gandhi on 31st October 1984 .
(To be explained)
Or any other development

Page 5

SECTION -D
Q28. Study the cartoon given below carefully and answer the
questions that follow :

(i)How do the big powers react when new countries claim
nuclear status?
(ii) On what basis can we say that some countries can be trusted
withnuclear weapons while others can't be?
(iii) Besides the big powers, N. Korea and Iran, name any other
two countries which possess nuclear weapons ?
Ans.. 2 + 2 Pg102
(i)All the big powers start opposing the new/ coming up nuclear +1=
countries 5
• They discouraged them .
• They advised them not to spend money on nuclear ventures.
Instead they should spend it for development

or any other relevant reaction (any two)

(ii) There can be various basis like
• Only terrorism free countries can be relied upon.
• Or Those who are using nuclear power for peace and
development -can be trusted
• Or those who are using nuclear weapons are difficult to be
trusted.
Or any other relevant basis ( any two )

(iii) (i) India
(ii) Pakistan
Q28 Note: The following questions are for the visually impaired
only in lieu of Q. No. 28.
(28.1) Explain alliance building as a component of traditional sec
(28.2) Mention any two right reasons to justify war.
(28.3) Write the full form of NPT.
Ans. Note- Visually impaired candidates only 2+2

Page 6

28.1 An alliance is a coalition of states that co-ordinate their actions +1=
to deter or defend against military attack . 5
• countries form alliances to increase their effective power
relative to another country .
28.2 Reasons to justify war-
(i) Self defence
(ii) To protect other people from genocide.
28.3 NPT –Non Proliferation Treaty

Q29. Read the passage given below carefully and answer the
following questions :
During the Cold War years. India found itself on the opposite
side on the divide from the U.S. India's closest friendship during
those years with the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the
Soviet Union, suddenly found itself friendless in an increasingly
hostile international environment. However, these were also the
years when India decide liberalise its economy and integrate it
with the global economy. This policy and India's impressive
economic growth rates in recent years ha made the country an
attractive economic partner for a number of countries including
the U.S.
(i) Which were the years of the Cold War period?
(ii) Explain any two factors responsible for the close
relationship between India and the Soviet Union.
(iii) Give any two examples of economic liberalization that have
benefitted India.
Ans.. (i) Cold War period - 1945 to 1991 1 + 2 Pg 45
( 1961 to 1991 can also be considered) +2=
(ii) 5
• Soviet Union had supported India on the issue of Kashmir in
Security Council.
• India had accepted the planned development and socialist
ideology followed by the USSR
• India has signed a 20 year Treaty of friendship with the Soviet
Union
(Any two)
(iii) Two examples of Economic liberalization that have benefited
India-
• Growth in exports.
• More foreign investments.
• Liberal rules

Any other relevant point
Q30. Read the passage given below carefully and answer the
questions that follows:

Page 7

The defeat of the official Congress candidate formalized the split
in the party. The Congress President expelled the Prime Minister
from the party; she claimed that her group was the real
congress. By November 1969, the Congress group led by the
'syndicate' came to be referred to as the Congress
(Organization) and the group led by Indira Gandhi came to be
called the Congress (Requisitionists). These twoparties were
also described as Old Congress and New Congress. Indira
Gandhi projected the split as an ideological divide.
(i) The passage is related to which election in India?
(ii) Who was the official Congress candidate in that
election?
(iii) Why did then Congress President expelled the Prime
Minister from the party?
(iv) According to Indira Gandhi, how was the split in the
Congress an ideological divide?

Ans.. (i) Election of President of India – 1969 1 +1 Pg 94
+1 +2
(ii) The official Congress candidate was Mr.Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy =5
in that election.
(iii) The Congress President expelled the PM from the party because
of the non-compliance of the whip issued by Party President.
(iv)
• The split in the Congress was an ideological divide between
socialists and conservatives, between the pro poor and pro-
rich.
• The ideological difference between old Congress and new
Congress.
(Any one)
Q31. In the given political outline map of India (on page 17), five
States have been marked as (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E). Identify
these States on the basi of the information given below and
write their correct names in your
answer-book along with the respective serial number of the
information used and the concerned alphabet given in the map
as per the following format:

Page 8

Sr. no. of the Concerned Name of the
information alphabet State
used in the map
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
DO
(i)The Princely State which resisted its merger with Union of
India
(ii)The state which was carved out of Punjab in 1966.
(iii) The state which was created in December 1952.
(iv) The 22nd State of the Indian Union.
(v) The state that was created in 1960.

Ans.. (i) Manipur C 1+1
1+1
(ii) Haryana D +1 =
(iii) Andhra Pradesh E 5
(iv) Sikkim A
(v) Gujarat B
Q31. Note : The following questions are for the Visually Impaired
Candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 31: .
Answer the following questions :
(31.1) Mention any two Princely States that resisted their merger
with the Indian Union just after independence.
(31.2) What did the signing of the 'Instrument of Accession by
the rulersof the Princely States mean?
(31.3) Why did the people of Hyderabad rise against the Nizam?
(31.4) Who was Potti Sriramulu and what was his contribution
for the formation of Andhra state?
Ans. visually impaired candidates 1+1+
1+2=
31.1 Hyderabad and Jammu Kashmir 5
or any other
31.2 Instrument of Accession means the signing of an agreement for
merging the province in India.
31.3 The people of Hyderabad rose against the Nizam because of his
atrocities and communal nature.
31.4 Potti Sriramulu was a Gandhian worker and a Congress

Page 9

leader. He contributed in the formation of a separate state of Andhra
Pradesh. He went on an indefinite fast demanding for a separate
state that led to his death after 56 days. This resulted in the violent
outburst in Andhra region and finally the PM announced the formation
of a separate Andhra state in December 1952.
SECTION -E
Q32. "The Cold War promoted an arms race as well as arms control.”
Support the statement with any three suitable arguments.
OR
"In the present unipolar world inspite of strong friendly bonds
with Russia, India should change its foreign policy and improve
its relations with the U.S.A.” Support the statement with any
three suitable arguments.

Ans.. (i)Cold war promoted an Arms race between the superpowers US 3x2 Pg 4-5
and USSR.Both had acquired nuclear weapons ,strong armies, =6
missiles, worships and other related strength.
(ii)But the fear of vast destruction and the fear of self harm and
destruction prove to be a detterant.
(iii)Both were rational and responsible and were aware that use of
atomic bombs and nuclear weapons will lead to the danger of human
survival .
or any other relevant argument (Any three)
OR
Although India is having good relations with Russia,yet in the present
context for economic development and to face the challenge posed
by Pakistan and China- India must have good relations with US also- 3x2
To be explained under the following heads- =6
(i) for economic development
(ii) for balance of power .
(iii) for oil ,space research and against terrorism spread by
Pakistan.
or any other relevant argument
Q33. Explain the meaning of 'Common but differentiated
responsibilities' in thelight of the Earth Summit' and the United
Nations framework Convention on Climate Change-1992.
OR
Explain any six effects of globalisation on the people all over
the world.
Ans (i)The Earth Summit produced conventions dealing with climatic
change, bio-diversity ,forestry and recommended developmental
practices called Agenda 21.
(ii)There was a consensus on combining economic growth with
ecological responsibility
(iii)A difference in the approach to environment between the countries 6
of the North and South.

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10

(iv) Rio declaration in 1992 called the principle of common but
differentiated responsibilities.
(v) Rio declaration says, states shall corporate in the spirit of global
partnership to conserve ,protect and restore the health and integrity
of Earth’s ecosystem.
(vi)It was expected that the largest share of historical and current
Global emissions of greenhouse gases has originated in developed Pg122-
countries.So they are more responsible and must contribute more. 123
Or any other explanation (Evaluate as a whole )
OR
Effects of Globalization
(i) Globalisation has eroded the state capacity .
6x1=
(ii) It has also Limited the sovereignity of the state. 6
(iii) The old welfare state is giving way to a more minimalist
state.
(iv) Greater economic flow among the different countries of
world.
(v) Evolved greater trade across the globe.
(vi) Restrictions imposed on the international trade have been
reduced .
(vii) Choice of the consumers has increased.
(viii) Culturalhomogenisation is taking place.
(ix) Eating, dress, music etc habits are changing.
(Any six)
Q34. Describe any four major demands made by the BhartiyaKisan
Union in1988. Highlight any two characteristics of their
agitation.
OR
Describe any four major political developments that India
witnessed between the period 1989 to 1999.
Ans.. Demands of Bhartiya Kisan Union. Pg134
(i) Higher government floor prices for sugarcane and wheat . -135
(ii) Abolition of restrictions on the interstate movement of farm
produce.
(iii) Guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable rates.
(iv) Waiving off repayments due on loans to farmers
(v) Provision of pension for farmers
Or any other relevant point ( Any four)

Characteristics of their agitation
4+2
(i)Movement adopted different methods of agitation like jail bharo, =6
dharnas and demonstrations.
(ii)It was mostly the agitation of farmers from Western Uttar Pradesh.
(iii)The movement used caste Panchayats of communities.
(iv)It operated as a pressure group.
Any other relevant ( Any two)
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11

OR
Four major political developments during 1989- 1999
(i) Congress could not win majority in Lok Sabha in 1989.
4x1+
(ii) In 1990 - Mandal Commission was implemented and violence 1/2x
related to it. 4=6
(iii) Economic reforms were started in 1989 onwards.
(iv)Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in 1991
(v) Demolition of Babri Masjid in 1992. Pg.
(vi) Frequent change of Central governments 173
(To be described) (Any four)

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