NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours

F R E E S T U D Y M AT E R I A L F O R E V E R Y S T U D E N T

CLASS 7 · SOCIAL SCIENCE

NCERT Solutions

Chapter 14: India and Her
Neighbours

NCERT Textbook — Exploring Society: India And Beyond (Part I)

BOOK PAGES SECTIONS QUESTIONS MEDIUM

Part II, 29 – 60 8 20 English

Solutions, notes, sample papers & more at 28 pages

Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

CLASS 7 · SOCIAL SCIENCE · EXPLORING SOCIETY: INDIA AND BEYOND (PART I)

NCERT Solutions — Chapter 14: India and Her
Neighbours
Complete NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours — the second
chapter of Theme A, India and the World: Land and the People, in Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Grade 7,
Part 2). Every question the chapter asks is answered here: the three Big Questions, all three LET’S EXPLORE
boxes, the DON’T MISS OUT question on the Kartarpur Corridor, the question in the caption of Fig. 2.10, the
four points of Before we move on …, and all eight end-of-chapter Questions and activities. The boxes that
carry no question — the remaining DON’T MISS OUT boxes on maritime neighbours, the Indian Ocean,
Quanzhou, open borders, Bhutan's rivers, the three schools of Buddhism, Gross National Happiness, the
Ananda temple, SAARC, Dhivehi, the Chakri kings, the stūpa and the 2004 tsunami — are folded into the
answers and the revision table below. Every statement about borders and relations here is exactly what the
textbook states, and nothing more.

TEXTBOOK BOOK PAGES

Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Part I) (Class Part II, 29 – 60
7)

SECTIONS QUESTIONS

8 20

MEDIUM

English

The Big Questions — Page 29
Chapter opening — Theme A, India and the World: Land and the People

THE BIG QUESTIONS

Q1 What defines a ‘neighbour’? Is it just shared land borders?

No — a shared land border is only one way of being a neighbour. The chapter opens by
saying so directly: “When we think of a neighbour, we often imagine a country that shares a land
boundary with us. That is the traditional view of neighbourhood.”
The chapter then widens the idea in two steps.

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

KIND OF WHAT JOINS THEM TO INDIA COUNTRIES NAMED IN THE
NEIGHBOUR CHAPTER

Land neighbours A shared land boundary — over 15,100 Pakistan and Afghanistan (northwest),
km in all, running through deserts, China's region of Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan
plains, forests, mountains, marshes and (north), Bangladesh and Myanmar (east)
river valleys

Immediate maritime A short stretch of sea Sri Lanka (about 32 km across the Palk
neighbours Strait) and the Maldives (about 130 km
from Minicoy)

The wider maritime A shared ocean, seen “if we look at India Iran, Oman, Thailand, Malaysia,
neighbourhood from a high-altitude satellite” Singapore, Indonesia

A maritime neighbour, the chapter explains, is “a country connected to another by a shared
sea or ocean, even without a direct land border”. The ocean is not a wall between such
countries; it is “a vital link, facilitating centuries of trade, cultural exchange, and historical ties”.

Why it happens: India has been a maritime nation from the beginning — sea on
three sides and a peninsula reaching deep into the Indian Ocean. For most of history
it was easier to sail from Gujarat to Oman, or from Tamil Nadu to Sumatra, than to
cross the Himalayas. So the sea made neighbours out of countries that no land
border touches.

Tip: Afghanistan is the useful test case. Today it shares no land border with India —
the creation of Pakistan in 1947 came in between — yet the chapter still counts it a
neighbour, because of the Uttarāpatha route and centuries of shared history and
culture. That alone proves a neighbour is not defined by a line on the ground.

Q2 How do geography and history influence the nature of India’s relationships with her
neighbours?

Geography decides who India can reach and how; history decides what India and that
country already mean to each other. Every relationship in this chapter is made of both.
What geography does

Mountains separate but do not seal. The Himalayas stand between India and China, yet
Buddhism crossed them, and so did monks — Faxian and Xuanzang coming to India,
Bodhidharma, Dharmakṣhema and Kumārajīva going to China.

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Rivers join. India and Bangladesh share transboundary river systems from the Ganga and
the Brahmaputra, which feed “agriculture, fisheries, transportation, and the livelihoods of
millions of people in both countries”. Rivers rising in Bhutan flow into India and now
generate hydroelectric power for both.
An open plain allows an open border. Nepal's border with India runs across Uttarakhand,
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim, and its “geographical proximity has allowed
for centuries of interaction”.
The sea carries trade and aid. India's peninsular shape and 11,100 km coastline make her
“a vital link between Southeast Asia, West Asia, and Africa”, and let her send disaster relief
quickly — as she did after the 2004 tsunami and the 2014 water crisis in Malé.
Being landlocked shapes a country's needs. Bhutan and Afghanistan are landlocked;
Afghanistan's access to India was complicated by the creation of Pakistan in 1947, and India's
work at Iran's Chabahar Port is meant to give “better access to Afghanistan and Central Asia”.

What history does

Shared faith leaves a lasting bond. Buddhism links India with Sri Lanka, Myanmar,
Thailand, Bhutan and China; Bhutanese pilgrims still travel to Bodh Gaya, Rajgir, Nalanda,
Udayagiri and Sikkim.
Old trade routes become modern ones. The Uttarāpatha once linked the Ganga plains to
Central Asia; today the India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway and the Asian Highway
Network do similar work.
A divided history leaves difficulty. The chapter is plain about this: the 1947 Partition is “a
legacy of the colonial era that continues to shape the present”, and India and Pakistan “share
one of the most complex relationships in South Asia”.
A shared war can create closeness. Bangladesh “was born in 1971 as the outcome of a war
between India and Pakistan”, and India and Bangladesh have since built “one of the most
important” relationships in South Asia.

Why it happens: geography does not change, so it keeps producing the same needs
— water to share, a pass to cross, a sea lane to protect. History changes slowly, and
it decides whether those needs are met with trust or with suspicion. That is why two
countries with almost the same geography, Nepal and Pakistan, have such different
relationships with India.

Q3 In what ways are India and her neighbours interconnected today?

Through trade, treaties and travel, through connectivity projects, through shared religion
and culture, and through joint work on disasters and security. The chapter gives concrete
examples of each.

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours
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KIND OF EXAMPLES FROM THE CHAPTER
CONNECTION
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Trade
a s em India exports iron ore, chemicals and cotton yarn to China and imports electronic items

ag l and industrial equipment (2024-2025). India is Nepal's largest trading partner, supplying
petroleum, medicines, food items and manufactured products, and buying agricultural
produce, handicrafts and garments. India is one of Malaysia's largest trading partners;

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Singapore is one of the largest foreign investors in India.

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Treaties and The 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship with Nepal; the Land Border Crossing
agreements Agreement of 2018
Alliance, of which the Maldives is a member.

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Movement of The India–Nepal open border, crossed without passport or visa; the Kartarpur Corridor

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people to Pakistan on a permit; Bhutanese and Myanmarese pilgrims visiting Buddhist sites in

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India; Indian tourists and students going to Singapore.
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hydroelectric projects such as Tala in Bhutan.

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Religion and Buddhism across Sri Lanka,
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epics in Thailand's
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Why it happens: most of what a neighbourhood needs cannot be done by one
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country alone. A tsunami warning is useless if only one coast gets it; a river does not
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stop at a border; a sea lane is safe only if everyone patrols it. So interconnection is

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not a favour countries do each other — it is the practical way each of them protects
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LET’S — Page 30

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Framing the Neighbourhood — reading the map of routes (Fig. 2.2)

LET'S EXPLORE

Q1 Identify the three large water bodies that surround India in the map on the facing
page (Fig.2.2).

The three large water bodies labelled around India in Fig. 2.2 are:

1. The Arabian Sea — to the west of India, between the Indian coast and the Arabian
Peninsula. Lakshadweep lies in it, and Oman faces India across it.
2. The Bay of Bengal — to the east of India, between the Indian coast and Myanmar, Thailand
and the Malay Peninsula. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie in it.
3. The Indian Ocean — to the south, into which the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal open.
Sri Lanka and the Maldives lie in these southern waters.

ARABIAN INDIA BAY OF
SEA BENGAL

Maldives
Sri Lanka

INDIAN OCEAN

The three water bodies around India: the Arabian Sea to the west, the Bay of Bengal to the east, and
the Indian Ocean to the south.

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Why this matters: these three waters are why the chapter calls India a maritime
nation with a “central and strategic place in South Asia”. India's coastline of about
11,100 km touches all three, and the peninsula pushes into the middle of them —
which is exactly what makes India a link between Southeast Asia, West Asia and
Africa.

Check it yourself: Fig. 2.2 also names the routes, not only the waters. Its legend has
three entries — Land Route, Land Route (India) and Maritime Route. Trace one
maritime route from India's west coast to Oman and one from the east coast to
Indonesia, and you will see the two seas doing exactly the work the chapter
describes.

DON’T MISS OUT — Page 36
India and Pakistan — the Kartarpur Corridor

DON'T MISS OUT

Q1 Can the Kartarpur Corridor be a model for the possible progress of peace and
dialogue?

Yes, it can — and the chapter itself points to it as an example of what is possible. The
corridor shows that even between two countries whose relationship the chapter calls “one of the
most complex in South Asia”, a practical arrangement can be agreed on and made to work.
What makes it a model — four things it got right

1. It solved a real, felt need. For decades Indian devotees “could only view this holy site from a
distance, using binoculars set up near the border at Dera Baba Nanak in Punjab”. The
corridor turned looking through binoculars into walking across.
2. It kept the aim narrow and clear. It is a crossing for pilgrims to one gurdwara, not a
general opening of the border. A small, well-defined aim was easier for both sides to agree
on.
3. It removed the biggest practical barrier. Pilgrims “do not need a visa, only a permit, which
makes it easier for thousands of people to visit the gurdwara”.
4. It rested on something both sides respect. Gurdwara Darbar Sahib is the final resting
place of Guru Nānak Dev, founder of Sikhism, who spent the last 18 years of his life there.
Faith, not politics, was the ground it was built on.

What the chapter also makes clear

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

The corridor was not quick or easy. The idea “was first proposed in the 1990s but only became a
reality in 2019”, when it was opened to mark Guru Nānak's 550th birth anniversary. Nearly
thirty years passed between the idea and the opening. And the corridor did not by itself change
the wider relationship, which the chapter describes as an ongoing tension marked by wars and
by terrorist attacks. So it is a model of how progress can be made, not proof that it always will
be.

Why it works as a model: it starts from what people on both sides already want,
keeps the arrangement small and specific, and delivers a visible benefit to ordinary
families. That is a very different method from trying to settle everything at once —
and the chapter lists other openings of the same kind, such as “periods of trade and
the opening of pilgrimage routes for Hindu or Sikh pilgrims”, along with the shared
heritage of the Katas Raj temple complex in Pakistan's Punjab and the Hinglaj Mata
Mandir in Balochistan.

In-text Question — Page 40
The ‘Land of the Thunder Dragon’ — the emblem of Bhutan (Fig. 2.10)

Q1 The emblem of Bhutan. Notice the dragons that symbolise the ‘Land of the Thunder
Dragon’. What other elements look familiar?

Almost everything else in the emblem comes from the shared Indian–Buddhist world of
symbols. Look past the two dragons and you will recognise:

The crossed vajras at the centre — the vajra (the thunderbolt or diamond sceptre) is the
symbol that gives Vajrayāna Buddhism its name, the ‘Diamond Vehicle'. The chapter tells us
it was Guru Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) who introduced Vajrayāna to Bhutan in the
8th century CE, and that it “remains central to Bhutan's religious identity”.
The lotus below — the lotus (padma) is one of the oldest Indian symbols, used in Hindu,
Buddhist and Jaina art alike, standing for purity.
The jewel at the top — the flaming jewel, the precious gem of Buddhist teaching.
The ring of lotus petals around the whole disc — the same circular petal border you see
framing Indian temple and monastery art.

The dragons themselves are the Bhutanese element, symbolising ‘Drukyul', the Land of the
Thunder Dragon — though even here the chapter adds an Indian meaning: the dragon on
Bhutan's emblem and flag “is said to symbolise ‘the thunderous voice of the Buddha's
teachings'.”

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Why it happens: Bhutan's national symbol was designed out of the Buddhism it
received from India. Emblems are made of whatever a people hold sacred, so an
emblem is a quick way of reading a country's cultural history. Bhutan's says, in one
circle, that it is a Himalayan kingdom of its own — and that its faith came over the
mountains from India.

Try This: compare it with the emblem on India's own currency and passport. India's
is the Lion Capital of Aśhoka, with the Dharma chakra below. Both countries chose
Buddhist symbols for their national emblem — a small proof of the shared heritage
this chapter describes.

LET’S EXPLORE — Page 51
From Dvārakā to Dvāravatī and Ayodhyā to Ayutthayā — the sculpture at Bangkok airport (Fig. 2.21)

LET'S EXPLORE

Q1 The scene in Fig. 2.21 depicts the well-known Hindu myth of samudra manthana or
the churning of the ocean. The devas (gods, on the right here) and the asuras
(demons, on the left) decided to join forces to churn the cosmic ocean in search of
amrita or the nectar of immortality, with the serpent Vāsuki as the churning rope
and Viṣhṇu (above) presiding over the operation — he will eventually deceive the
asuras to make sure that the amrita goes to the devas alone. Note also the airport’s
official name of ‘Suvarnabhumi Airport’ — does it remind you of something?

Yes — ‘Suvarnabhumi’ is the Sanskrit Suvarṇabhūmi, the ‘golden land’. The chapter has
already told us where the name comes from. From a few centuries BCE, “Indian traders were
sailing to Southeast Asian countries in search of gold and other valuable resources. They
frequently visited the islands of Java, Sumatra, and Malaya, so much so that these places came
to be known as ‘Suvarṇabhūmi' (the ‘golden land') or ‘Suvarṇadvīpa' (the ‘golden island').”
So Thailand's main international airport, opened in our own century, carries a name Indian
sailors gave to that region more than two thousand years ago.
Two things this one airport shows

1. The sculpture shows a Hindu myth — samudra manthana, the churning of the ocean —
standing in the arrivals hall of a modern airport in a Buddhist country. Vāsuki as the
churning rope, Viṣhṇu above, devas on one side and asuras on the other: a story from the
Indian epics and Purāṇas, displayed as Thailand's own heritage.

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2. The name shows the trade link. The airport is a place of arrival and departure, exactly as the
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culture (6th–11th centuries CE) named from Sanskrit for ‘that which has gates',

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founded in 1351, named after Ayodhyā; and the kings of the present Chakri
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dynasty, all named after Rāma — the current king being Rama X. Suvarnabhumi

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Did you know? The chapter also notes that Theravāda Buddhism is widely practised
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LET’S EXPLORE — Page 53a
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The ‘Lion City’ — Tamil as an official language of Singapore (Fig. 2.23)
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LET'S EXPLORE

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It suggests that the link with south India is very old, very large and officially recognised —
not a recent or minor connection. A country makes a language official only when a substantial
number of its own citizens speak it, so Tamil's place beside English, Mandarin and Malay is

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evidence of a long-settled Tamil community.

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The name itself is Indian. Singapore comes from ‘Singapuram' or ‘lion city', the name of an

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The community is real and sizeable. About 9 per cent of Singapore's residents are of
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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

It is a settled, respected part of national life. Fig. 2.23 shows an ordinary public safety
sign — “DANGER – KEEP OUT” — printed in all four official languages: English, Mandarin,
Tamil and Malay. Tamil is used for everyday public information, not just for ceremonies.
The traffic runs both ways today. Singapore is now one of the largest foreign investors in
India, many Indian companies have offices there, and Singapore receives large numbers of
Indian tourists and students.

Why it happens: south India faces the Bay of Bengal, and the sea route from the
Coromandel coast to the Malay Peninsula is short and well-known. Traders, monks
and later workers used it for two thousand years. The chapter notes the same
pattern in Malaysia, where large numbers of workers “mainly from south India”
migrated in the 19th and 20th centuries and where 9 per cent of the population is of
Indian origin today. A language on a road sign is what that history looks like after
two millennia.

Before we move on … — Page 59
The chapter in four points

BEFORE WE MOVE ON …

Q1 India and her neighbours share centuries of cultural, spiritual, religious and
commercial exchanges. India’s schools of thought and belief, arts, literature and
architecture left a visible cultural imprint across countries of Southeast Asia.

This point gathers up the whole chapter. The imprint is “visible” because you can still point at it,
country by country.

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

COUNTRY WHAT IS STILL VISIBLE THERE

China Buddhism, which reached China around the 1st century CE; and at the Kaiyuan temple in
Quanzhou, pillars carved in the 13th century with Viṣhṇu, Śhiva and stories from the Rāmāyaṇa
and the Purāṇas (Fig. 2.4 shows Gajendra mokṣham).

Bhutan Vajrayāna Buddhism, brought by Guru Padmasambhava in the 8th century CE, and the vajra
and lotus on the national emblem.

Sri Lanka Buddhism, brought in the 3rd century BCE by Mahendra and Sanghamitrā; Hinduism, “notably
through its two Epics”; mask-making traditions that may connect with south India (Fig. 2.18).

The Ancient Buddhist temples and inscriptions; the Dhivehi language; roshi and coconut curries; the
Maldives Boduberu dance echoing Tamil folk rhythms; boat-building techniques with South Indian roots.

Thailand The names Dvāravatī (from Dvārakā) and Ayutthayā (from Ayodhyā); kings named Rāma;
Theravāda Buddhism; Hindu deities and epic stories in royal ceremonies, dance and literature;
the samudra manthana sculpture at Suvarnabhumi Airport.

Malaysia Names such as ‘Srivijaya Kingdom'; a script based on India's Brāhmī adopted around the 4th
century CE; influences still visible in art and literature.

Singapore The name itself, from ‘Singapuram', ‘lion city'; Tamil as an official language; Buddhism as the
most widely practised religion; ‘Little India'.

Indonesia Garuḍa, the vāhana of Viṣhṇu, on the rupiah; the mandala-shaped Borobudur Stūpa; the Muara
Jambi temple complex linked with Nālandā; actors still performing the Rāmāyaṇa (Fig. 2.27).

Afghanistan Kingdoms such as Kapiśha and Zābul that “mirrored Indian systems of governance”; the giant
Buddhas of Bamiyan, symbols of Mahāyāna's reach, destroyed in 2001.

Why the imprint lasted: these ideas were not imposed by conquest, so nobody had
to undo them when the traders sailed home. They were adopted because local rulers
and people found them useful or beautiful — a script to write with, a story worth
retelling, a way of measuring a king's dignity. What a people adopt for themselves,
they keep.

Q2 Ancient trade routes like the Uttarāpatha, Dakṣhiṇāpatha, the Silk Route, and spice
routes connected India with Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Arabian
Peninsula, resulting in trade and cultural exchanges with all those regions.

Four routes, four directions — and every one of them carried more than goods.

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Uttarāpatha — the ‘northern road'. It “linked the Ganga plains to Central Asia via
Afghanistan”, stretching from Gandhāra through Takṣhaśhilā, Varanasi and Pāṭaliputra.
The chapter calls it a “cultural superhighway” that “enabled the flow of Buddhism, Hinduism,
art, and philosophy”.
Dakṣhiṇāpatha — the ‘southern road', linking north India with the peninsula and its ports,
from which ships sailed east and west.
The Silk Route — the land routes through present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan gradually
became part of it, “with people, goods, and ideas moving back and forth, connecting the two
lands in the fields of language, literature, art, architecture, food etc.” This is the route that
tied India to Iran.
The spice routes — the sea lanes across the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Indian
traders sailed east to Java, Sumatra and Malaya from a few centuries BCE, and west to the
Arabian Peninsula; Iran's ports “were within easy reach of India's west coast”, and Harappan
traders were carrying copper ingots back from Oman 5,000 years ago.

Why routes carry culture: a trader on a long route does not simply hand over a
sack and leave. He waits for a season, learns some of the language, marries, builds a
shrine, hires local boat-builders. So a script, a god, a recipe and a word all travel in
the same ship as the pepper. Fig. 2.2 in the chapter maps exactly this — the dense
web of land and sea routes that made these exchanges possible.

Did you know? The modern versions of these routes are in the chapter too: the
India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway, the Asian Highway Network
(Afghanistan's NH 1 and parts of India's NH 44 both belong to AH 1), and Chabahar
Port in Iran, which gives India better access to Afghanistan and Central Asia.

Q3 India spread her traditions peacefully through trade, pilgrimage, and culture.

The evidence for this is that in every case the chapter describes, the carriers were traders,
monks and scholars — not armies.

Trade. Indian traders sailing “in search of gold and other valuable resources” took Indian
names, stories and gods to Java, Sumatra and Malaya. Malaysia adopted a script based on
Brāhmī around the 4th century CE. Harappan traders were exchanging goods with Oman
5,000 years ago.
Pilgrimage and teaching. Buddhism reached China “via trade and pilgrimage routes”.
Chinese monks Faxian and Xuanzang came to Indian centres of learning; Indian monks
Bodhidharma, Dharmakṣhema and Kumārajīva carried teachings to China. Mahendra

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and Sanghamitrā took Buddhism to Sri Lanka; Guru Padmasambhava took Vajrayāna to
Bhutan.
Culture. Thai kingdoms chose Indian names for themselves — Dvāravatī, Ayutthayā — and
Thai kings still take the name Rāma. Nobody made them do it.

Two more signs of the same peaceful pattern: the traditions were adapted, not copied —
Mahāyāna grew new sub-schools such as Zen on its way through China, Japan and Korea, and
Thailand blended Hindu ceremony with Theravāda Buddhism. And they survived changes of
religion: in Malaysia, Indian influences “remain visible in Malaysian society through art and
literature in particular even though by the 15th century Islam became the predominant
religion”, and in Indonesia “Islam travelled to Indonesia from the shores of India”.

Why this matters: something taken by force is resented and thrown off at the first
chance. Something taken up freely is made your own, and is still there two thousand
years later — on a banknote, in a king's name, in a dance. That is why the imprint
the chapter describes is still visible today.

Q4 Today, regional connectivity projects aim to revive these historical links. Besides,
Indian films, music, and television often contribute to sustained bonds, in addition
to shared strategic and trade interests.

The old links are being rebuilt in three ways at once — with roads and ports, with popular
culture, and with shared interests.
1. Connectivity projects (the routes rebuilt)

The India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway, from Manipur through Myanmar into
Thailand — “a modern effort to revive and strengthen these age-old connections”.
Chabahar Port in Iran, which gives India better access to Afghanistan and Central Asia —
the sea end of the old Uttarāpatha.
The Zaranj–Delaram highway in Afghanistan, part of Asian Highway 1, as are parts of
India's NH 44.
The Kartarpur Corridor (2019) and the India–Myanmar Land Border Crossing Agreement
of 2018.
Hydroelectric projects with Bhutan, such as the Tala project dedicated by the two prime
ministers in 2008.

2. Films, music and television (the culture that travels now)
The chapter gives a neat example: in the Maldives, “modern Hindi words like filmu have entered
everyday use, thanks to Bollywood”. Popular culture does today what stories and sculpture did
in the past — it keeps ordinary people on both sides familiar with each other.
3. Shared strategic and trade interests

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours
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India and Indonesia “work closely in regional groups to promote peace, trade, and sustainable
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development in the Indo-Pacific region”, sharing concerns about “piracy, climate change, and
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g forces. India and
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the protection of sea lanes”. Oman is India's closest defence partner in the Gulf and the first

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country in the

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history and shared interests have
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Questions
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Explain who a maritime neighbour is with two examples with respect to India.
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A maritime neighbour is “a country connected to another by a shared sea or ocean, even
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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

SRI LANKA THE MALDIVES

Where it An island nation to the southeast of India A nation of over 1,100 islets to the southwest, in
lies the Indian Ocean

The water The Palk Strait — only about 32 km at the About 130 km from Minicoy, an Indian island in
between nearest point the Union Territory of Lakshadweep

What the Buddhism, brought in the 3rd century BCE Buddhism early on (ancient temples and
sea by Mahendra and Sanghamitrā, the son and inscriptions have been found); language, cuisine
carried daughter of Emperor Aśhoka; Hinduism, and arts from Tamil Nadu and Kerala — roshi,
notably through the two Epics coconut curries, the Boduberu dance, Dhivehi
vocabulary and boat-building

Today A “multidimensional partnership” of Cooperation in defence, trade and disaster relief;
cultural closeness, economic cooperation and both are members of the International Solar
strategic collaboration Alliance

Tip: Sri Lanka and the Maldives are India's immediate maritime neighbours. The
chapter also names a wider maritime neighbourhood, visible “if we look at India
from a high-altitude satellite” — Iran, Oman, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and
Indonesia. Any of these would also be a correct example.

Q2 How has Buddhism created links with India’s neighbours? Give examples to explain
your answer.

Buddhism began in India and travelled outward to almost every neighbour — so today
India is the homeland and place of pilgrimage for people across the whole region. The
chapter shows this happening in three ways: people travelled, schools of the religion spread,
and monuments and gifts were exchanged.
1. People travelled — in both directions

China: Buddhism reached China around the 1st century CE via trade and pilgrimage routes.
Chinese monks like Faxian and Xuanzang came to Indian centres of learning, while Indian
monks such as Bodhidharma, Dharmakṣhema and Kumārajīva carried Buddhist teachings
to China, “creating deep spiritual and intellectual ties”.
Sri Lanka: Buddhism was introduced in the 3rd century BCE by Mahendra and
Sanghamitrā, the son and daughter of Emperor Aśhoka.
Bhutan: Guru Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) introduced the Vajrayāna school in the
8th century CE; it “remains central to Bhutan's religious identity”. Bhutanese pilgrims still
visit Bodh Gaya, Rajgir, Nalanda, Udayagiri and Sikkim.

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Myanmar: “As the birthplace of Buddhism, India holds special spiritual significance for the
people of Myanmar, many of whom visit India during pilgrimages.”

2. Three schools spread to different neighbours

SCHOOL WHEN IT TOOK SHAPE WHERE IT WENT

Theravāda — Around the 3rd century BCE; Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, especially
‘School of the Elders' considered closest to the Buddha's Thailand and Myanmar
original teachings

Mahāyāna — ‘Great Around the 1st century BCE; held China, Japan, Korea, with sub-schools such as
Vehicle' that the Buddha had a divine nature Zen emerging on the way; its reach also
and could guide people in many produced the Bamiyan Buddhas in
forms Afghanistan

Vajrayāna — Around the 6th century CE, an Tibetan Buddhism derived from it around the
‘Diamond Vehicle', or extension of Mahāyāna, using 7th century CE; Guru Padmasambhava
Tantric Buddhism mantras, mandalas and visualisations carried it to Bhutan

All three, the chapter adds, “are still followed in some parts of India, especially in the Himalayan
states”.
3. Monuments and gifts still keep the link alive

India helped restore the Ananda temple at Bagan, Myanmar, damaged by earthquakes, and
gifted a 16-foot replica of the Sarnath statue of the Buddha to the Shwedagon Pagoda in
Yangon.
The Borobudur Stūpa in Indonesia (8th–9th centuries CE) — the world's largest Buddhist
monument, with over 500 statues of the Buddha and a plan shaped like a mandala.
Collaborations between India's ancient university of Nālandā and Indonesia's Muara Jambi
temple complex.
In Singapore, Buddhism is currently the most widely practised religion.

Why Buddhism became such a strong link: it spread with traders and monks
rather than armies, and it was open to being reshaped locally — Mahāyāna became
Zen in Japan, Vajrayāna became Tibetan Buddhism. A religion that lets a people
make it their own becomes part of their identity, and then the country it came from
stays important to them for ever after.

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Q3 What does ‘open border’ policy mean? How does the India–Nepal ‘open border’
policy affect the lives of people living along the border?

An ‘open border’ is “when people from two countries can travel across the border without
a visa or passport”. That is the chapter's definition. Between India and Nepal it rests on the
1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship, which “provides for open borders, free movement of
people and goods, and cooperation in areas such as defence and foreign policy”. The border
itself runs across Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim.
How it changes daily life along the border

Families stay together. Relatives on the two sides can visit each other freely, so a border
running between two villages does not cut a family in half.
Work is available on both sides. People cross for employment without paperwork, which
matters most for daily-wage and seasonal work.
Education and healthcare are within reach. A student or a patient can go to whichever
school or hospital is nearer, even if it is in the other country.
Markets and trade thrive. “Daily life in many border towns reflects this close
interdependence, with vibrant markets and thriving trade.” India is Nepal's largest trading
partner, supplying petroleum, medicines, food items and manufactured products, while
Nepal sends agricultural produce, handicrafts and garments.
Pilgrimage is easy. Pilgrims from both countries “regularly visit sacred sites across the
border” — thousands of Indians go to the Paśhupatinātha temple in Kathmandu each year,
and festivals such as Daśhain (Daśhaharā), Tihar (Dīpāvalī) and Holi are kept with equal
enthusiasm on both sides.
It has to be looked after. The chapter adds a careful line: “India and Nepal work together to
ensure the open border remains safe and is not misused; it is a symbol of trust and
friendship between the two countries.”

Why it works here: the two sides of this border already share heritage, faith,
language and family. An open border does not create that closeness — it simply
stops a modern line on a map from interrupting it. The chapter calls the India–Nepal
relationship “a unique example of neighbourhood cooperation”, and this policy is the
clearest reason why.

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

Q4 The chapter says, “Being neighbours is not just about geography.” Explain this
statement with an example.

It means that what makes two countries neighbours is what they share and do together,
not only how close they happen to lie. The chapter's own sentence continues: “being good
neighbours is not just about borders, but also about working together for the benefit of
everyone in the region” — and it gives that a name, regionalism.
The clearest example: Afghanistan
Afghanistan “once shared a direct land border with India”, but “the creation of Pakistan in 1947
has complicated access between the two countries”. Geographically, the two are no longer
joined at all. Yet the chapter still treats Afghanistan as a neighbour, because:

the Uttarāpatha trade route linked the Ganga plains to Central Asia through Afghanistan for
centuries, carrying goods, religion and ideas;
before Islam spread there in the 7th century CE, Afghanistan “was a thriving centre of
Buddhist and Hindu culture”, and kingdoms like Kapiśha and Zābul mirrored Indian systems
of governance;
the giant Buddhas of Bamiyan stood as symbols of Mahāyāna Buddhism's reach from India,
until they were destroyed in 2001;
in recent decades India has supported education, healthcare and infrastructure there,
including the Afghan Parliament building and the Zaranj–Delaram highway.

A second example, the other way round: Indonesia
Indonesia is separated from India by the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea — no shared land
at all — yet the chapter calls the two “close maritime neighbours”, with trade going back over
2,000 years, Garuḍa on the Indonesian currency, the Borobudur Stūpa, and joint work today on
maritime security, defence and disaster relief.

Why the statement is true: geography only sets the possibilities. What fills them is
history, faith, trade, language and cooperation. Two countries can share a long
border and have a difficult relationship; two countries with an ocean between them
can be deeply connected. The chapter's whole definition of a wider neighbourhood
rests on this.

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What are the different ways in which India has helped smaller countries in her
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neighbourhood? Explain with examples.

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India's “quick help during the 2004 tsunami, the 2014 water crisis in Malé (the Maldives'

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emergency relief capital), and the COVID-19 pandemic”. These actions “highlighted India's ability to

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respond quickly in times of crisis and further reinforced her role as the region's trusted

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development to the peoples

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After the 2004 tsunami, India “joined hands with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and other

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institutions The Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre in Hyderabad “helps alert not only India but
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Why India is able to do this: geography and capacity together. Her “peninsular
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Q6 How do shared challenges become opportunities for cooperation? Were there
examples in this chapter to illustrate this?

A challenge becomes an opportunity when it is bigger than any one country — because
then working together stops being a kindness and becomes the only method that works.
Yes, the chapter gives several clear examples.
1. The 2004 tsunami → an ocean-wide warning system
On 26 December 2004 an earthquake under the Indian Ocean near Indonesia triggered a
tsunami. In India alone “some 15,000 people lost their lives, especially in Tamil Nadu, Kerala,
and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands”; across the whole region “more than 200,000 people
were killed”. The chapter says plainly what followed: “This disaster exposed the urgent need for
better early warning systems. India thus joined hands with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and
other Indian Ocean countries to set up a network of sensors, satellites, and communication
links.” The Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre in Hyderabad now alerts neighbouring
countries too.
2. Rising seas → shared work on climate and solar energy
The Maldives faces a sea-level rise that “could reach 1 metre by the end of the century, partly
submerging many of its islands”; in 2009 its president and cabinet held a meeting 4 m
underwater to draw attention to the danger. Bangladesh faces rising seas and more intense
cyclones, with many people likely to lose homes or livelihoods. The response has been
cooperative: the Maldives is a member of the International Solar Alliance, an Indian initiative,
“another example of the long-term relationship between the two countries”.
3. A shared forest → joint protection
The Sundarban National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has “its protection and
management coordinated by the two neighbours”, India and Bangladesh. About two-thirds of
the forest lies in Bangladesh and the rest in India. It shelters the Bengal tiger, matters for
biodiversity, and “serves as a barrier to cyclones” — so protecting it protects both countries.
4. Seas that must be kept safe → maritime security partnerships
India and Indonesia have “shared concerns about piracy, climate change, and the protection of
sea lanes, which makes their partnership especially important”. India and Malaysia work “closely
on regional security and maritime stability”. Oman is India's closest defence partner in the Gulf
and the first country in the region where India holds joint exercises with all three armed forces;
the two “work together on Indian Ocean maritime security”.

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Why shared challenges work this way: a wave, a cyclone, a rising sea and a pirate
ship all ignore borders. One country's warning centre, however good, cannot save a
coast it does not watch. So the cheapest and safest answer is to pool sensors, ships
and information — and having pooled them, the countries find they trust each other
a little more than before.

Q7 If borders were drawn only by culture and connections, how would the map look
different?

Method for this question. It asks you to imagine, but the imagining must be built on the
chapter's evidence. Do it in three steps: (1) pick the cultural links the chapter actually names —
language, religion, festivals, food, script, place names, trade; (2) group countries that share
them; (3) describe how the map would change, and then say honestly what such a map would
lose. A good answer names at least four or five specific links from the chapter and does not
simply say “everything would be one country”.
Sample answer:
The map would have no sharp lines at all. It would look more like a set of overlapping patches
of colour, because cultures do not stop where states do — they fade into one another.

A Bangla patch would cover West Bengal and Bangladesh together, since “Bangla is a
language common to Bangladesh and India's state of West Bengal”, and the Sundarban
would sit whole inside it instead of being split two-thirds and one-third.
A Himalayan patch would join Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, the Himalayan states of India and
Tibet — shared festivals such as Daśhain, Tihar and Holi, shared pilgrimage to
Paśhupatinātha and to Bodh Gaya, and shared schools of Buddhism.
A Tamil patch would stretch across the sea from Tamil Nadu to northern Sri Lanka, to the
Maldives (whose Boduberu dance echoes Tamil folk rhythms and whose language borrows
from Tamil and Malayalam), to Malaysia and to Singapore, where Tamil is an official language
and 9 per cent of residents are of Indian origin.
A Buddhist arc would run from Sri Lanka through Myanmar and Thailand to Indonesia, and
northward through Bhutan and Tibet to China, Korea and Japan — the paths of Theravāda,
Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna.
A Persianate patch would link Iran, Afghanistan and northern India, where Persian was a
court language under the Mughals and where the Parsis remain “a living link with the
ancient Persian culture”.
And the Punjab would not be divided at all — the Katas Raj temple complex and Gurdwara
Darbar Sahib at Kartarpur would need no corridor and no permit.

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But the map would also have new problems. Cultural patches overlap: a person in Sri Lanka
may belong to a Tamil patch and a Theravāda patch at once, and Malaysia would belong to an
Indic patch and an Islamic one together. Where would the line go then? Culture is not tidy, and it
changes with time — Indonesia was Hindu-Buddhist, then Islam “travelled to Indonesia from
the shores of India”. A map drawn on culture would need redrawing every century.

What the question is really teaching: present borders were drawn by history and
politics — the 1947 Partition, colonial decisions, wars — while culture flowed along
trade routes and pilgrim paths. The two patterns do not match, and that mismatch is
exactly why the chapter insists that “being neighbours is not just about geography”.

Q8 On blank maps: • Label India’s neighbours. • Draw arrows showing cultural flows
(e.g., food, festivals, languages) between India and her neighbours. • Imagine and
redraw new “borders of friendship” that connect neighbours through rivers, trade
routes, or cultural zones. • Collect pictures of the flags of the countries listed in this
chapter and write your observations.

Method. This is a four-part map and scrapbook activity, so do it on four separate outline maps
of Asia (or one map per part) rather than crowding everything onto one. Use the chapter's own
maps as your source — Fig. 2.1 for the neighbourhood, Fig. 2.2 for the routes, and Figs. 2.3,
2.5, 2.7, 2.16 and 2.20 for the individual groups of countries. Give every map a title, a north
arrow and a legend, and write only what you can support from the chapter.
What a good answer must contain

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

PART WHAT TO SHOW HOW TO CHECK IT

1. Label the Land neighbours: Pakistan, Afghanistan, China (with Tibet), Use two colours or two
neighbours Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar. Maritime neighbours: Sri label styles for land and
Lanka, the Maldives, and in the wider neighbourhood Iran, Oman, maritime neighbours,
Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia. Also mark the three and say so in the legend.
water bodies — Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean.

2. Arrows for Draw arrows both ways, and write on each arrow what travelled. Every arrow must
cultural flows Use one colour per type (religion / language / food / festivals / match something in the
people). chapter — no invented
flows.

3. “Borders of Instead of political lines, draw zones around things that join: the Label each zone with
friendship” Ganga–Brahmaputra river system (India–Bangladesh), the the river, route or
Himalayan pilgrimage zone (India–Nepal–Bhutan), the Bay of shared culture that
Bengal trade zone (India–Myanmar–Thailand–Malaysia– defines it, and add a
Singapore–Indonesia), the Arabian Sea zone (India–Oman–Iran), one-line reason.
and the Palk Strait zone (India–Sri Lanka–Maldives).

4. Flags and Flags of all the countries named in the chapter, each with two or Say what you notice and
observations three lines of observation about colours and symbols. what it may connect to
— and mark clearly
where you are only
guessing.

Sample answer:
Part 1 — labels. On my outline map I shaded India orange. I shaded the seven land neighbours
green: Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest, China (marking Tibet inside it), Nepal and
Bhutan in the north, Bangladesh and Myanmar in the east. I shaded the maritime neighbours
blue: Sri Lanka across the Palk Strait, the Maldives southwest of Minicoy, and, further out, Iran,
Oman, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. I wrote ARABIAN SEA to the west, BAY OF
BENGAL to the east and INDIAN OCEAN to the south.
Part 2 — arrows I drew, and what I wrote on them.

India → China: Buddhism, 1st century CE; China → India: the monks Faxian and Xuanzang.
India → Sri Lanka: Buddhism, 3rd century BCE, Mahendra and Sanghamitrā; Sri Lanka → India:
Tamil families during the civil war.
India ↔ Nepal: Daśhain, Tihar and Holi; pilgrims to Paśhupatinātha; petroleum and medicines
one way, handicrafts and garments the other.
India → Bhutan: Vajrayāna Buddhism, Guru Padmasambhava, 8th century CE; Bhutan → India:
rivers and hydroelectric power.
India → the Maldives: roshi and coconut curries, the Boduberu dance, Dhivehi words, boat-
building — and the Hindi word filmu.
India → Thailand: Dvārakā → Dvāravatī, Ayodhyā → Ayutthayā, kings named Rāma, the
samudra manthana at Suvarnabhumi Airport.

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India → Malaysia and Singapore: the Brāhmī-based script, the name Singapuram, Tamil, workers
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India → Indonesia: Nālandā and Muara Jambi, Garuḍa on the rupiah, the Rāmāyaṇa on stage —
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Oman ↔ India: copper ingots to the Harappan cities, 5,000 years ago.

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Part 3 — my five borders of friendship. (1) The River Zone, around the Ganga–Brahmaputra
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Part — flags: three observations.

Wheels and dharma. India's flag carries the Aśhoka Chakra. Bhutan's flag carries the

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the Maldives are immediate neighbours across the water, and Iran, Oman, Thailand,
Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia belong to a wider maritime neighbourhood.
The sea is India's oldest highway. With a coastline of about 11,100 km and a peninsula
reaching deep into the Indian Ocean, India sits on the routes linking Southeast Asia, West
Asia and Africa. The Indian Ocean is the third-largest ocean in the world; half the world's
container ships, one-third of the bulk cargo and two-thirds of the world's oil move across
it, and the countries it connects are home to about 2.7 billion people. Working together in
this region is called regionalism.
Buddhism is the single strongest cultural thread. Born in India, it reached China around
the 1st century CE, Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BCE through Mahendra and Sanghamitrā,
the children of Aśhoka, and Bhutan in the 8th century CE through Guru Padmasambhava.
Its three schools — Theravāda (3rd century BCE), Mahāyāna (1st century BCE) and
Vajrayāna (6th century CE) — spread to Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, China, Japan, Korea
and Tibet, and are still followed in India's Himalayan states.
Ancient names still sit on modern maps. Thailand's Dvāravatī culture (6th–11th centuries
CE) took its name from Dvārakā; the Ayutthayā kingdom, founded in 1351, was named
after Ayodhyā; Bangkok's airport is called Suvarnabhumi, the ‘golden land' Indian traders
sought in Java, Sumatra and Malaya. Singapore comes from ‘Singapuram', the lion city;
Indonesia's currency carries Garuḍa; and the Borobudur Stūpa is shaped like a mandala.
Modern ties are built on trade, treaties and connectivity. The 1950 Treaty of Peace and
Friendship gives India and Nepal an open border; the Kartarpur Corridor (opened 2019)
lets Indian pilgrims cross to Pakistan on a permit rather than a visa; the Land Border
Crossing Agreement of 2018 eased movement with Myanmar; the India–Myanmar–
Thailand Trilateral Highway runs from Manipur; India is helping develop Iran's Chabahar
Port; and SAARC, formed in 1985, brings eight countries of the region together.
Shared dangers pull neighbours together. Rising seas threaten Bangladesh and could
submerge parts of the Maldives — a rise that could reach 1 metre by the end of the
century. The tsunami of 26 December 2004 killed some 15,000 people in India and more
than 200,000 across the region; India then joined Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and others
to build a warning network, and the Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre in Hyderabad
now alerts neighbouring countries too. India's quick help in the 2004 tsunami, the 2014
Malé water crisis and COVID-19 made her the region's trusted first responder.

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Quick revision

TERM WHAT IT MEANS WHERE IT WORTH REMEMBERING
APPEARS IN
THE
CHAPTER

Maritime A country connected to DON’T MISS For India: Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and
neighbour another by a shared sea or OUT, page 30 further out Iran, Oman, Thailand,
ocean, even without a direct Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia
land border

Regionalism Countries of a region working Page 32 “Being good neighbours is not just
together for peace, stability about borders” — it is about working
and shared progress — trade, together
cooperation, humanitarian aid
and disaster relief

Indian Ocean The world's third-largest DON’T MISS Half the world's container ships, one-
ocean, and a very busy OUT, page 32 third of bulk cargo, two-thirds of the
shipping route world's oil; about 2.7 billion people
around it

Open border A border people from two DON’T MISS India–Nepal, under the 1950 Treaty of
countries can cross without a OUT, page 39 Peace and Friendship. Both countries
visa or passport work together to keep it safe and not
misused

Kartarpur A visa-free border crossing (a DON’T MISS Proposed in the 1990s, opened in 2019
Corridor permit is needed, not a visa) OUT, pages for Guru Nānak's 550th birth
letting Indian pilgrims visit 35–36 anniversary
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib,
Kartarpur, in Pakistan

Uttarāpatha The ancient trade route linking Page 44 Ran from Gandhāra through
the Ganga plains to Central Takṣhaśhilā, Varanasi and Pāṭaliputra
Asia through Afghanistan — a ‘cultural superhighway'

SAARC South Asian Association for DON’T MISS Members: Afghanistan, Bangladesh,
Regional Cooperation, formed OUT, page 45 Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal,
in 1985 to promote mutual Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Political tensions
interests and sociocultural and among some members have often
economic progress disrupted its functioning

Theravāda ‘School of the Elders', around DON’T MISS Followers mainly in Sri Lanka and
the 3rd century BCE; OUT, page 41 Southeast Asia, especially Thailand and
considered closest to the Myanmar
Buddha's original teachings

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

TERM WHAT IT MEANS WHERE IT WORTH REMEMBERING
APPEARS IN
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CHAPTER

Mahāyāna ‘Great Vehicle', around the 1st DON’T MISS Travelled to China, Japan, Korea; Zen
century BCE; held that the OUT, page 41 grew out of it. The Bamiyan Buddhas of
Buddha had a divine nature Afghanistan were its symbols
and could guide people in
many forms

Vajrayāna ‘Diamond Vehicle' or ‘Tantric DON’T MISS Tibetan Buddhism derived from it
Buddhism', around the 6th OUT, page 41 around the 7th century CE; Guru
century CE, an extension of Padmasambhava took it to Bhutan in
Mahāyāna using mantras, the 8th century CE
mandalas and visualisations

Palk Strait The narrow stretch of sea Page 45 At its nearest point the two countries
dividing India and Sri Lanka are only about 32 km apart

Gross National Bhutan's holistic measure of DON’T MISS Includes sustainability, good
Happiness Index national progress, compared OUT, page 42 governance and promotion of culture;
with Gross Domestic Product assessed periodically

Archipelago An extensive group of islands Page 54 Indonesia — several large islands and
over 17,000 smaller ones

Stūpa A Buddhist shrine, often DON’T MISS The Borobudur Stūpa (8th–9th
dome-shaped, that keeps OUT, page 55 centuries CE), five platforms, over 500
sacred relics of the Buddha, Buddha statues, designed as a
senior monks or other revered mandala
figures

Mandala A traditional Hindu, Buddhist DON’T MISS Borobudur's highly geometric plan
and Jaina geometric symbol OUT, page 55 replicates one
used in rituals, generally
symbolising the entire cosmos

Suvarṇabhūmi / The ‘golden land' / ‘golden Page 45 Bangkok's airport is still called
Suvarṇadvīpa island' — names Indian traders Suvarnabhumi
gave to Java, Sumatra and
Malaya

Ingot A lump or block of metal put Margin note, Harappan traders are thought to have
into a shape convenient for page 58 carried copper ingots from Oman —
transport and reworking contact over 5,000 years old

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Class 7 Social Science Chapter 14 India and Her Neighbours AglaSem · NCERT Solutions

TERM WHAT IT MEANS WHERE IT WORTH REMEMBERING
APPEARS IN
THE
CHAPTER

Jaywalking Pedestrians walking or Margin note, In Singapore it is fined heavily, along
crossing roads without taking page 53 with littering and breaking traffic rules
care to follow traffic rules

Dhivehi The official language of the DON’T MISS Borrows from Sanskrit, Prakrit, Tamil,
Maldives, also called OUT, page 48 Malayalam and Hindi — raajje/rājā,
Maldivian mas/matsya, dhoni, kukulhu, and even
filmu

Chabahar Port The Iranian port India is Pages 57; Figs. It gives India better access to
helping to develop 2.28, 2.29 Afghanistan and Central Asia

International An Indian initiative that shares Page 48 The Maldives is a member — a joint
Solar Alliance research and technology on effort towards sustainability
solar energy

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