Maharashtra 12th Std Model Question Paper Biology

Maharashtra State Board Sample Paper 2026

DAY — 10 SEAT NUMBER

2025 VII 05 1100 (E)
J-410
BIOLOGY (56)

Time : 3 Hrs. ( 8 Pages ) Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions :
The question paper is divided into four sections.
(1) Section A : Q. No. 1 contains Ten multiple choice
type of questions carrying one mark
each. Evaluation will be done for the first
attempt only.
Q. No. 2 Contains Eight very short
answer type of questions carrying one
mark each.
(2) Section B : Q. No. 3 to 14 are short answer type of
questions carrying two marks each.
(Attempt any Eight)
(3) Section C : Q. No. 15 to 26 are short answer type of
questions carrying three marks each.
(Attempt any Eight)
(4) Section D : Q. No. 27 to 31 are long answer type of
questions carrying four marks each.
(Attempt any Three)
(5) Begin the answer of each section on a new page.

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SECTION – A

Q. 1. Select and write the correct answer for the following [10]

multiple choice type of questions :

(i) The number of base pairs present around a histone
octamer of nucleosome is _____ .
(a) 200 (b) 146
(c) 54 (d) 20

(ii) Which of the following is NOT a sensory nerve?
(a) I (b) II
(c) III (d) VIII

(iii) Which of the following biofertilizers is used by farmers
to increase the yield of rice crop?
(a) Azotobacter (b) Azospirillum
(c) Bacillus (d) Azolla

(iv) Connecting link between amphibians and reptiles
is _____.
(a) Archaeopteryx (b) Australopithecus
(c) Seymouria (d) Ichthyosaurus

(v) The type of gene interaction deviating from Mendel’s
findings of 3 : 1 to 1 : 2 is_____.
(a) Incomplete dominance
(b) Codominance
(c) Multiple alleles
(d) Pleiotropy

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(vi) Identify initiation codon of mRNA from the following.

(a) UAA (b) AUG

(c) UAG (d) UGA

(vii) Identify the type of association between orchid growing

as an epiphyte on branch of mango tree.

(a) Parasitism (b) Amensalism

(c) Commensalism (d) Mutualism

(viii) Which of the following substances protects pollen

grains from chemicals?

(a) Pectin (b) Hemicellulose

(c) Cellulose (d) Sporopollenin

(ix) The part of antibody which binds with the specific

antigen to form antigen-antibody complex is _____.

(a) Paratopes (b) Isotopes

(c) Epitopes (d) Octamer

(x) Which genes are used for improvement of oil content

and oil quality in plants?

(a) Phytase gene (b) Arabidopsis gene

(c) Holandric gene (d) Oncogene

Q. 2. Answer the following questions : [8]

(i) Give term for “The total genetic information encoded
in sum total of genes in a Mendelian population.”

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(ii) Name the process in which swelling of hydrophilic
colloids occur due to adsorption of water.

(iii) Give the term for the condition in which the number
of WBCs in blood decreases below normal.

(iv) What is the term, when nucleotides on DNA strands
shows the following sequence of base pairs.

3’...........CTT AAG............5’

5’...........GA A TTC ............3’

(v) Identify ‘A’ from the graph given below showing species
area relationship :

(vi) Name the disorder in which deficiency of ADH leads
to reduced water reabsorption and increase in urine
output.

(vii) Name the permanent birth control method in which
the fallopian tube is tied and cut.

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(viii) Name the long term storage places of carbon in the
form of rocks and fossil fuels which are away from
carbon cycle.

SECTION – B

Attempt any EIGHT of the following questions : [16]

Q. 3. Give any two reasons why breathing through nose is beneficial
than through mouth.

Q. 4. Mention any two molecular evidences of evolution.

Q. 5. Enlist any four uses of gene therapy.

Q. 6. Define the terms :

(a) Explant

(b) Callus

Q. 7. Identify the disorders showing following symptoms :

(a) Constriction of bronchioles, mucus build up in
bronchioles, periodic wheezing, difficulty in breathing.

(b) Inflammation of sinuses and mucous discharge.

Q. 8. Define- AGR and RGR regarding plant growth.

Q. 9. Draw a neat diagram of structure of root hair showing vacuole,
mitochondria and nucleus.

Q. 10. Enlist the types of chromosomes on the basis of position
of centromere.

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Q. 11. Mention any four drawbacks of Darwinism.

Q. 12. Write appropriate equations to represent Ammonification.

Q. 13. Give any two functions of Medulla oblongata.

Q. 14. Differentiate between Inspiration and Expiration with respect
to position of diaphragm and working of intercostal muscles.

SECTION – C

Attempt any EIGHT of the following questions : [24]

Q. 15. What is adolescence? Mention any four characteristics of 15 to
17 years age group.

Q. 16. Identify A, B and C from the given diagram of Graafian follicle
and mention their significance :

Q. 17. (a) Which part of CNS produces CSF?
(b) Give any four functions of CSF.

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Q. 18. Write the name and position of any three valves in human
heart.

Q. 19. Describe any three chemical defence mechanisms in plants
against herbivores in population interaction.

Q. 20. Mention any six symptoms of disorder caused by trisomy of
21st chromosome.

Q. 21. Describe the development of male gametophyte from
microspore. Draw a neat labelled diagram of male gametophyte.

Q. 22. Define decomposition. Explain any four steps of decomposition
in correct sequence.

Q. 23. Give deficiency symptoms of following elements in plants :

(a) Potassium (K+)

(b) Magnesium (Mg++)

(c) Boron (BO–3)

Q. 24. Give scientific names of sugarcane varieties native of North
and South India. Name the centre in India which has
developed sugarcane varieties containing high sugar.

Q. 25. With appropriate terms, complete the following chart and
rewrite it :

Sr.No. Disorder/Diseases Recombinant
Health Condition Protein (s)
(i) Parturition ________________
(ii) Emphysema ________________
(iii) ________________ Hepatitis B vaccine

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Q. 26. Mention any two major types of air pollutants. Add a note on
their ill effects on human health.

SECTION – D

Attempt any THREE of the following questions : [12]

Q. 27. Define endosperm. Describe types of endosperm.

Q. 28. With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the structure
of human sperm.

Q. 29. Describe the transcription and processing of hnRNA to mRNA
in Eukaryotes.

Q. 30. What is transpiration? Draw well labelled diagram showing
structure of stomatal apparatus in dicotyledons? Mention any
three advantages of transpiration.

Q. 31. Name any four hormones secreted by adenohypophysis and
give their significance.
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Maharashtra State Board Sample Paper 2026

DAY — 10 SEAT NUMBER

2025 VII 05 1100 (M)
J-411
BIOLOGY (56)

Time : 3 Hrs. ( 8 Pages ) Max. Marks : 70

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[ ]
(i) (octamer)
(base pairs)

(ii)
I II
III VIII

(iii)
(biofertilizer)

(iv)

(v)

(incomplete dominance)
(codominance)
(multiple alleles)
(pleiotropy)

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(vi) mRNA (initiation codon)
UAA AUG
UAG UGA

(vii)

(parasitism)
(amensalism)
(commensalism)
(mutualism)

(viii)

(ix)

(x)

(holandric)

(i)

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(ii) (adsorption) (hydrophilic)

(iii)

(iv) DNA (base pairs)

3’...........CTT A AG............5’

5’...........GA A TTC ............3’

(v) (species area relationship)
‘A’

(vi) ADH

(vii)

(viii)

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(explant)
(callus)

(wheezing)

AGR RGR

(root hair)

(medulla oblongata)

(diaphragm)

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(Graafin follicle) A, B
C

(CSF)

(21st trisomy)

(micropore) (male gametophyte)

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(K+)

(Mg++)

(BO–3)

(i)
(ii)
(iii) B

(endosperm)

(sperm)

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(transcription)

(stomatal
apparatus)

(adenohypophysis)

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