HP Board Class 11 Syllabus 2024 Geography

Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education, Dharamshala

GEOGRAPHY

10+1
RATIONALE

Geography is introduced as an elective subject at the senior secondary stage.
After ten years of general education, students branch out at the beginning of this stage and are
exposed to the rigors of the discipline for the first time. Being an entry point for the higher
education, students choose geography for pursuing their academic interest and, therefore, need
a broader and deeper understanding of the subject For others, geographical knowledge is
useful in daily lives because it is a valuable medium for the education of young people. Its
contributions lie in the content, cognitive processes, skills and values that geography promotes
and thus helps the students explore, understand and evaluate the environmental and social
dimensions of the world in a better manner.

Since geography explores the relationship between people and their
environment, it includes studies of physical and human environments and their interactions at
different scales local, state/region, nation and the world The fundamental principles responsible
for the varieties in the distributional pattern of physical and human features and phenomena
over the earth's surface need to be understood properly. Application of these principles would
be taken up through selected case studies from the world and India. Thus the physical and
human environment of India and study of some issues from a geographical point of view will be
covered in greater detail. Students will be exposed to different methods used in geographical
investigations

OBJECTIVES

The course in geography will help learners

 Familiarize themselves with the terms, key concepts and basic principles of geography.
 Search for, recognize and understand the processes and patterns of the spatial
arrangement of the natural as well as human features and phenomena on the earth's
surface:
 Understand and analyses the inter-relationship between physical and human
environments and their impact
 Apply geographical knowledge and methods of inquiry to new situations or problems at
different levels-local, regional, national and global;
 Develop geographical skills, relating to collection, processing and analysis of data.
information and preparation of report including maps and graphs and use of computers
wherever possible; and
 Utilize geographical knowledge in understanding issues concerning the community such
as environmental issues, socio-economic concerns, gender and become responsible
and effective member of community.

Theory

A. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Unit-1. Geography as a discipline
Unit-2. The Earth
Unit-3. Land forms
Unit-4. climate
Unit-5. Water (Oceans)
Unit-6. Life on the Earth
Unit-7. Map work.

B. INDIA-PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Unit-8. Introduction
Unit-9. Physiography
Unit-10. Climate, Vegetation and Soil
Unit-11. Natural hazards and disasters
Unit-12. Map Work
PRACTICAL WORK
Unit-1. Fundamentals of Maps
Unit-2. Topographic and weather Maps

PART A : FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Unit 1 : Geography as Discipline
Geography as an integrating discipline, as a science of spatial attributes. Branches of
geography : importance of physical geography.

Unit 2: The Earth
Origin and evolution of the earth. Interior of the earth; Wegener's continental drift theory
and plate tectonics; earthquakes and volcanoes

Unit 3: Landforms
Rocks major types of rocks and their characteristics
Landforms and their evolution
Geomorphic processes-weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition; soil-
formation

Unit 4: Climate
 Atmosphere-composition and structure; elements of weather and climate.
 Insulation angle of incidence and distribution; heat budget of the earth heating
and cooling of atmosphere, (conduction, convection, terrestrial radiation and
advection;) temperature factors controlling temperature distribution of
temperature -horizontal and vertical; inversion of temperature.
 Pressure - pressure belts; winds planetary, seasonal and local;; air masses and
fronts, tropical and extra tropical and cyclones.
 Precipitation evaporation; condensation - dew, frost, fog, mist and cloud rainfall-
types and world distribution
 World climates classification (Koeppen); greenhouse effect, global warming

Unit 5: Water (Oceans)
 Hydrological Cycle.
 Oceans distribution of temperature and salinity; movements of Ocea water-
waves, tides and currents.
Unit 6: Life on the Earth
 Biosphere importance of plants and other organisms; biodiversity and
conservation, ecosystems and ecological balance.
UNIT 7: Map Work on outline political map of the world for identification only

PART B INDIA - PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Unit 8: Introduction
 Location space relations and India's place in the world
Unit 9: Physiography
 Structure and Relief
 Drainage Systems concept of water sheds, the Himalayan and the Peninsular
Physiographic divisions
Unit 10: Climate, Vegetation and Soil
 Weather and climate spatial and temporal distribution of temperature pressure
winds and rainfall, Indian monsoons: mechanism, onset and withdrawal
variability spatial and temporal,
 Natural vegetation forest types and distribution; wild life conservation;
biosphere reserves.
 Soils major types (ICAR's classification) and their distribution, soil degradation
conservation.

Unit 11 Natural Hazards and Disasters Causes, Consequences and Management
(One case study to be introduced for each topic)
 Floods and droughts
 Earthquakes and Tsunami
 Cyclones
 Landslides
Unit 12 Map Work on Outline Political map of India-for identification, location and
Labelling.
PRACTICAL WORK
Unit 1 Fundamentals of Maps
 Maps types; scales types, construction of linear scales, measuring distance,
finding direction and use of symbols.

Latitude , Longitude and time ;

Map projection : Tvpology : construction and properties of conical with one standard parallel
and Mercator ' s projection ,

Unit 2 : Topographic and Weather Maps

 Study of topographic maps ( 1 : 50 , 000 : 25 , 000 . Survey of India manel
contour cross - section and identification of landforms - slopes , hills , valleve
waterfalls , cliffs , distribution of settlements .
 Aerial Photographs and Satellite Imageries .
 Aerial Photographs : Types & Geometry - vertical aerial photographer difference
between maps & aerial photographs , photo scale determination
 Satellite imageries , stages in remote sensing data - acquisition , platforms
sensors and data products . ( photographic & digital ) .
 Interpretation of Physical & cultural features from aerial photographs & satellite
imageries .
 Use of weather instruments : thermometer , wet and dry - bulb thermometer .
barometer , wind vane , rain gauge -
 Use of weather charts describing pressure , wind and rainfall distribution.

Unit Wise Distribution of Marks
Unit No. Particulars Marks Assigned
Part-A. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Unit-1. Geography as a discipline 4
Unit-2. The Earth
Chapter-I, The Origin and Evolution of the Earth.
Chapter-II, Interior of the Earth. 5
Chapter-III, Distribution of the oceans and continents
Unit-3. Land forms
Chapter-I, Rocks Minerals and Rocks
Chapter-II, Geomorphic processes. 5
Chapter-III, Landforms and their Evolution.
Unit-4. Climate
Chapter-I, Composition and Structure of Atmosphere.
Chapter-II, Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature 6
Chapter-III, Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
Chapter-IV, Water in the Atmosphere.
Unit-5. Water (Oceans)
Chapter-I, Water (Oceans) 4
Chapter-II, Movements of Oceans Water
Unit-6. Life on the Earth
Chapter-I, Life on the Earth. 5
Chapter-II, Biodiversity and Conservation.
Unit-7. Map work. 3
Part-B. INDIA-PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Unit-8. Introduction 7
Chapter-I, Location
Unit-9. Physiography
Chapter-I, Structure and Physiography 7
Chapter-II, Drainage System
Unit-10. Climate, Vegetation and Soil
Chapter-I, Climate
Chapter-II, Natural Vegetation 7
Chapter-III, Soils
Unit-11. Natural hazards and disasters
Causes, Consequences and Management 5
Chapter-I, Natural Hizards and Disasters
Unit-12. Map Work 2
Total 60

11th Class

Geography

Design of Question Paper

(Blue Print)

Time : 3Hrs Max. Marks : 60

Name of Unit 1 Mark 2 marks 3 marks 4 marks 5 marks 5 marks Total
MCQ Question Question Question Question Map
Question Question
1. Geography as a 1 - 1 - - 01 05
discipline
2. The Earth 1 - - 1 - - 05
3. Land forms 1 - - 1 - - 05
4. Climate 1 1 1 - - 01 07
5. Water (Oceans) 2 1 - - - - 04
6. Life on the Earth - 1 1 - - 01 06
7. Map Work - - - - - - -
8. Introduction-India 1 1 - 1 - 02 09
9. Physiography 1 1 - 1 - - 07
10. Climate, 2 - - - 5 - 07
Vegetation & Soil
11. Natural Hazards 2 - 1 - - - 05
& Disasters
12. Map Work - - - - - - -
Total Marks 1x12=12 2x5=10 4x3=12 4x4=16 5x1=5 1x5=5 60