Bihar Board Class 11th 12th Syllabus Physics

cm- XI
1. IH<'licMI
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~ l-uWf'-lcfi (XI-XI I) Qlq_~~q-2007-09

3. Qlilil•;fi'l-

1 cna_:rr - XI I
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path) "if>1 ~ . ~ - ~ ,
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~ -q,U,ifqlfi (XI-XII) q14_4iJiq-2007-09

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viscosity) f.Jmfur ~ ,
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(ii) m.fl4lc.< ct ~ f.rra (WR) ~ ct ~ ~ ~ oR cf>1 ~ ~ wlT<l cfi1 ~ cfwlll
8. ~-1ffl qif ~ ~ ~ - ~ cfi1 m-cr q;. <filR ct~ 1R WJ1T
_ -q ~ ct $r cit ma cfwll1.
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• (Activities):-
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4. ~ ~ ( dil4di<iil< ~ ) $ lR fumr ~ ~ ~ ifiA ti:ci ffl-~ (Lateral deviation) cfiT
c#ivfl'I
s. «u tncl<T4s (Polaroids) <tiT ~ <P ~ ~ ~ q;y dicftl:➔ ~,

6. 11.<ii' ~ ti:ci ~ Cfi'T olJ4Trr ~ q-f ~ Sl@foe'4 ~ ~ -ci:ci 3llcfi"R q;y 3 l ~ <.fiT-U-
(i) ~$
· (ii) ~ ~ ~ (~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'c:fil ~ GRqfcfii c:fiT "l'Tffi ti)
~ · ct~
7. "7 ~wt ct~ q;y_~ clwTTI
@);ijq{q; qfhil,ii.,,atl q;r ~ : -

~ 1. lfffi~'c: fil~mfl lffl«rnt l~m?
2. ~ ~ ~ 'c:fiT "(s-~ 'c:fiT <lW ~ cf,{ ~ 'f{UR-~ ~ <fivJTI

3. ~ ~ ~ i@ ct cf;T{UJ f<fim m ct wr 1t -qfu«f;J q;J dicfctl<ii ➔ cf,{ ~ ~ <fiT-fT,

4.- '3iliqf ct <fii411."i<ii ct ~ ~ fcu;:FJ "Cf"11!if 'c:fiT ~ 'c:fiT gWtlti-t<ii 3 l ~ <lwTTI
5. fcfqcf;r (diffraction) fcfN ~ "ffiR ~ 'c:fiT cRTT ~ ~ <lwTTI

6. lffi q} 31ffi'Rq;' m'ffi)tJ ~ ~ i@ lR fcu,r-r ~ ct 1l'lJcJ q;y 31~1
1· ~ ~ - ~ (time switch) iRRT a~ ~ ~ - f ➔ 4dicf -er< fcff,r-r 'cfiTtcfi1' q;y ~'lJcJI

2()()1
----
~ q1Uff'trcfi (XI-XII) 'Qi&_lliJi11-

14. f1Difclll:ilo <t ~ - ~ (Frequency Response) 4'iT 3'0f lRI
(i) 'Q;cfi ~ (R), ~ m (L) v;ci ~ lfmITT (C)
(ii) R-L m'-1
(iii) R-C m'-1
(iv) LCR ~ 'qITT'-tl

+

--- ~ lflUIR:lcfi (XI-XII) Q1<$_4i-JiQ-2007-09

PHYSICS <Class-XI)
Theory
Unit-I: Physical world a11d measurement (Periods
Physics : scope and exc ite ment, nature of ph ysical laws; Ph ysics, technology and society. · IO;
Need for measurement : Units of measurement, systems of units . S.I . units, fundamental and d .
.
units, 1engt h , mass an d t·1me measurements, accuracy an d prec1s1on
· · o f measuring
· eri.,d
·instruments, errors .
10
measurement, significant figures, regular and irregular errors.
Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
Unit-II.· Kinematics (Periods-J
Frame of reference, Motion in straight line, position time graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and n O)
uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity. on.
Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity time and position time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerai
. (graph'1ca I treatment).
motion ed
Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion.
Scalar and vector quantities : Position and displacement vectors, general vectors and notation, equalit
of vecto~s, multiplication of vectors by a real number, addition and subtraction of vectors, relative velocit:.
Umt vector, Resolution of a vector in a plane-rectangular components.
Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration - projectile motion, uniform
:..:ular motion.
Unit-Ill: Laws of Motion (Periods-I~)
Intutive concept of force, Inertia, Newton's first law of motion, momentum and Newton's Second law of
motion, impulse, Newton's third law of motion, Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.
Equilibrium of concurrent forces, static and kinetic friction , laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication,
dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force examples of circular motion (vehical on level circular
road, vehical on bank~d road).
Unit-IV: Work, Energy and Power (Periods-16)
Scalar product of Vector work done by a constant force and a variable force, kinetic energy, work-
energy theorem, power.
Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces ; conservation of mechanical
energy (Kinetic and potential energies), non conservative forces, elastic and inelastic collissions in one and
two dimension.
Unit-V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid body. (Periods-JS)
Centre of mass of two-particle system, momentum, conservation and centre of mass motion, centre of
mass of a rigid body, centre of mass of circular ring, disc, rod and sphere.
Vector product of vectors; momentum of a force, torque angular momentum, conservation of angular
momentum with some examples.
Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion , comparison of
linear and rotational motion, moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of M .I. for simple genioetrical
objects (no derivation), statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their appliqtions.
Unit-VI: Gravitation (Periods-14)
Keplar's laws of planetary motion, The universal law of gravitation, Acceleration due to gravity and its
· variation with altitude and depth.
l.~ Gravitational potential energy, gravitational potential, escape velocity, orbital velocity of satellite, Geo·
~ stationary satellites.
•-~Unit-VII: Properties o(Bulk Matter (Periods-20)
~ . Elastic behavi_;ur, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, Bulk modulus, Deformation,
Shear modulus of rigidity. .
l.~ Pressure due to fluid column, pascal's law and its applications/ hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes).
r:!:JP Effect of gravity on fluid pressure. .,
6~ Viscocity, stoke's law, terminal velocity, Reynold's number, Streamline and turbulent flow, )3ernoull1 s
~ theorem and its applications.
Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension, ideas to drops,
bubbles and capillary rise.

----- ~ illUlf&t&i (XI-XII) tliq_4c;riJJ-2007·0
9

-·
l,it•V//1: . · 1/'(l10f{j -}O, O ,fo
f' '.l\~.,-
Heat, temperature , thermal c•pan . .. ·t 1
,, ,, I tt~·n, ht:,it ... r
Heattran sfer-conduclion
" s1on • ,....,. f .._
,,_c,,t r 1 ..·tt.an~\'. \i 1 ' •·. ~ • f' .,,,1111 •'
,.....1u p.1~tt) .C ,a,01uncn. ~
d
Thermal equilibrium and cfion.v~c11on and radia1,on. thermal (nndu{hHI). Nc\\ t~'.1' l,w ,, ~~\,,~ ,1:;d.).:·#
. c tnlli on of 1cmpcra1urt ( 7..cmtb la .... of 1hct1n.-"fy n.1111,, ' 1 He.ii. ~·
.
interna I energy.
First law of thermodynamics . , ~ ' rt:-
Second law. of thermodynamic s, Revers,ble · and irreversible proc.c:.s.c.s . He JI engine"- Jn,1 t1,;·tri r-..: L• ·r l flH'\ ·-
•
I.!,uiJ-IX: B~havw,,r of Perfect Gar and Kinetic Theo . rP,rimls-Sl ~
Equation of state of a perfect gas, wor k done on
. .
a:compressing n glls . :,...,
Kinetic theory of gases: Assumption!, concept of pressure, Kinetic energy and temperature. rrn ~ , pec-J
of gas mol~~uleS, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy (statement onl y) and uppltt:,1110•1 to "P
free path • Avoga dro,s num be r.
heat capac111es . of. gases, concept of mean
/1Jlit-X ,· Qscillatwns and Wave,L. (Pt riods-18)
Pe~iodic _motion - period, frequency, displacement as a function of time , peri odic fu nt: 1ion s, simple
harmon~c motion (S~M~ and its equation, phase, oscillation of a spring - restorin g fore~ an d fo rc1e con!-> ~anl
energy m SHM - Kinetic and potential energies, simple pendulum _ derivation of express ion fo r its time
period) free, fo~ced and ~amped oscillations (qualitative ideas only), resonance.
Wav_e motion, L~ng~tudinal and transverse waves. speed of wave motion. Di splacement relati on fo r a
progressive waves, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing wa ves in strin gs and
organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics. Beats, Doppler effect.
+
COURSE STRUCTURE
Class-XI (Theory)
One Paper Three Hours Max. Marks : 70
Unit Class-XI Weightage
Unit-I Physical World & Measurement 03
Unit-II Kinematics 10
Unit-III Laws of Motion IO
Unit-IV Work, Energy & Power 06
Unit-V Motion of System of Particles & Right Body 06
Unit-VI Gravitation 05
Unit-VII Properties of Bulk Matter 08
Unit-VIII Heat & Thermodynamics 07
Unit-IX Behaviour of Perfect Gas & Kinetic Theory of Gases 05
Unit-X Oscillati.'.)ns & Waves 10
Total 70

CLASS-XI
PR-ACTICALS
Section -A
EXPERIMENTS
1. Use of Vernier Callipers :
(i) to measure diameter of a small spherical / cylindrical body.
(ii) to measure dimensions of a given regular body of known mass and hence find its densiiy.
(iii) to measure internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/ Calorimeter and hence find its volume.
2. Use of Screw Gauge : ,
(i) to measure diameter of a given wire. (ii) to measure thickness of a given sheet.
(iii) to measure volume of an irregular lamina.
3. To determine radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a spherometer.

------- ~ ltt~f~&; (XI-XII) Ql<:(~i;Fiq-2007-09

4. To determ ine the mass of 1wo different objec ts using a bea
m balan ce .
5. To fmd the weigh t of a given body using parall elogr am law
o f vectors .
6. Using a simpl e pendu lum plot L - T and L - T' gnphs . Hence
find the effec tive length of a second
pendu lum us ing appropriate graph .
7. To study the relati ons hip betwe en force s of limiti ng frictio
n and norm al reacti on and to find
coeff icient of frictio n betwe en a block and a horizo ntal surfac 1
e. h
8. To find the dow~ ward f~rce, _a lon_g an inclin ed pl_ane_, ac~ing
on a rol_ler due to gravi tation al pull Of t~
~ earth and study its relatt onsht p with the angle of mchnat1on
by plotti ng graph betwe en force and sin
ACTIVIT IES
1. To make a paper scale of given least count e .g. 0.2 cm. 0.5 e
cm.
2. To deter mine mass of a given body using a meter scale by
princ iple of mome nts. ·
3. To plot a graph for a given set of data, with prope r choic e
of scale s and error bars.
4. To measu re the force of limiti ng frictio n for rollin
g of a rolle~ o_n a horiz ontal plane
5. To study the variat ion in the range of a jet of water with the
angle of proJe ctron.
· 6. To study the conse rvatio n of energ y of a ball rollin g down
on inclin ed plane (usin g a doubl e incli~
plane ).
7. To study dissip ation of energ y of a simpl e pendu lum by plotti
ng a graph betwe en squar e of amplitude
and time.
Section -B
EXPERIMENTS
To determ ine Young's modu lus of elasti city of the material
of a given wire.
To find the force const ant and effect ive mass of a helica l spring
by plotti ng T 2-m graph using method
of oscill ations.
To study the variat ion in volum e with pressu re for a sampl e
of air at const ant tempe rature by plotting
graphs· betwe en P and V, and betwe en P and 1/V.
4. To determ ine the surfac e tensio n of water by capill ary rise metho
d.
5. To determ ine the co-eff icient of viscos ity of a given viscous
liquid by measu ring the termin al velocity
of a given spher ical body.
6. To study the relati onshi p be~ween the tempe rature of a hot body
and time by plotti ng a coolin g curve.
7. (i) To study the relatio nship betwe en frequency and length of a
given wire under const ant tension
using sonom eter.
(ii) To_study the relatio n ~ e n the length of a given
wire and ten·s ion for const ant frequency
usmg sonom eter. '4,.- ✓
8. To find the speed of sound in air at room temperature using a reson
ance tube by two reson ance positions.
9. To determ ine specif ic heat capac ity of a given
(i) solid (ii) liquid by the metho d of mixtures.
ACTI VITI ES
1. To obser ve chang e of state and plot a coolin g curve for molte
n wax.
2. To obser ve an~_expla in the effect of heatin g on a bi-me tallic
strip.
3. To note the chang e in level of liquid in a conta iner, on heatin
g and interp ret the obser vation s.
4. To study the effect of deterg ent on surfac e tensio n of water
by obsre ving capiJl ary rise.
5. To study the factor s affect ing the rate of loss of heat of a liquid
.
l.d:3 6. To study the effect of load on depre ssion of a suitab le clamp
ed meter scale loade d _ (i) at its end (ii)
~ in the middl e.

~
+
PHYSICS (Class-XII)
I~ . Theory
~ Un#- 1: El~tr ostati cs . _ (Periods-25)
_Electnc charg es and th~~r con~e~at10n, Coulo mb's law, Force
l~mu luple charg es, superpos1t1on prmc1ple and contin uous betwe en two points charg es, forces between
charg e distri butio n.
~ ~lectr ic field, 6lectr-": field_.d ue to_ a poi11t charg e, electr ic field
lines, elect-Ac dipol e, electr ic field due
to a d1apole, torqu e on a dipol e m a unifo rm electr ic field.
Electr ic flux, statem ent of Gause s's theore m and its applic

---
ations to find fie.Id due to infinitely tong

~ ·iuud'l:tcfi (XI-XII) Qiq_40iq-2007.()9
>I
·

straight wire, uniformly charged 1nJ1n11 ri~IJ rns1d~
~
l_e
nd outside). c l1 lan~•h"t'I ;,n Io~ ,, •r,r1 ~ <h trr.r ! ihir. ~r~m•Jf ,hell (
a .
Electnc potential. potential diff I m of
charges, equi-potential r.urfocc!I cl .cu:rit.e. cir<'."' po1cm,3I do" to I,) fK"H'll 1.: h.Ull<'- ~ d,r,nk ,Htti e \: ~;:s I~
dipole in an electrostaticr, fi eld·.· cctncal putcn11al cnr rry or ., ~.~,cm
f'f hHl f"''"' ch .1rgcs1 Jnd ( , elecm df/P
Conductors and insulato 111 r ,
. ·
capacitors
-
and c·ipa , •
' ·
' · rec charge, and hound chnrgc\ in1;11Jc a \ onductor. Otclcc trrt nnd elcccm:
,· f ,
#
Polansat1on
II I plate capac·t
• .
. I • • c1 1ancc comh111alion of capacitor, 111 r,cnes and m p.1rullcf cap1t 11onc.c o u
para eff I or Wll' and without dielectric medium he tween plarc~ energy stored in u cupacitor. Van ~
de Gra generator. • · ~
!).niJ-ll: C,~rrent ElectricitJ?. (Ptriod.s-21)
· ·h • ·· d h ·
. h current
.Electric . flow of e lect nc c urges in a metall ic conduc1or drifl vclocily and mobility, an t cir
1
retau~n wit e cctnc current, Ohm's la w. electrical resis1ance. V- 1. Characteris1ic (li near and non -linear).
electncal
. energy
. and power' elect nca · I res1· st1•vity
- and conductivity. carbon resistors.. colour code for carbon
comb"n -
1 a t"ions o f resistors. ·
temperature dependence of res1.s1ance. lnterna I resistance
resistors ' senes & . parallel
.
of a cell.' photfef'nti a_l difference and emf of a cell , combination of cells in series and in parallel.
Knc· o. s 1aws and . . simple appl"ications,· wheatstone bndge.• ·
meter bnd2e.
Potent1ometer-pnnciple · • ·
and a PP 11cat1ons .
. difference ~ · emf o ft wo
. to measure potential and for comparing
cells, measurement of internal resistance of a cell.
!J..nit-111: Magnetic E ffects of Current and Magnetism (Ptriods-25)
Concept of magnetic field • Oersted' s experiment · · · · ·
Biot-sevart law and its application to current carrymg ·
circular loop.
Am~ere's law a_nd it~ applications to infinitely long straight wire. straight and toroidal solenids, Force
on a movmg charge m uniform magnetic and the fi eld. cyclotron .
Force on a current carrying conductor in a uniform maoneti c field. Force between two parallel current
-carrying conductor - definition of ampere, Torque experien~d by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field,
moving coil galvenometers, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter voltage current
loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron.
Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnete) along its ax is and perpendicular to its axis.
Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid,
magnetic field lines, Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-dia & Ferro-magnetic substances,
with examples. Electromagnets and factors affectings their strength, permanent magnets.
Unit-IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current (Periods-20)
Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's law, induced emf and curre nt, Lenz's law, Eddy currents, self and
mutual inductance.
Need for displacement current.
Alternating currents, peak and rms value of Ac/voltage, reactance and impedance, LC, oscillations
(qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance, power in AC Circuits, wattliess current.
AC generator and transformer.
Unit-V: Electroma,:netic Waves (Periods-4)
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristi cs (qualitative ideas only). Transverse nature of
electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic spectrum / radio waves, micro waves, infrared , _visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma-
rays) including elementary facts about their uses .
fJnit-VI: Optics (Periods-30)
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, Refraction of light, total internal reflection and
its application, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker's formula,
Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction and dispersion of light
through a prism. Scattering of light - blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and
sunset.
Optical instrument: Human eye, image formation and accomodation, correction of eye defects (Myo~ia,
hypermetropia, presbyopia and astigmatism) using lenses, Microscopes and astronomical telescope (reflecting
and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
Wave Optics: Wavefront and Hyugen's pri~ciple, reflecti~n and_ refraction ?f pl~n~ Wave at a plane,

-----
~urface usi ng wavefronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction usmg Huygens· prmc1ple. Interference,

~ inwf'icfi (XI-XII) Qlq__<.IQiq-2007-09

Young 's doubl e ,. , exper iment and cx~rc ss_ion for fringe
11 w idt~. cohcr cn1so~rc cs an d s us tain~d inrerfert-:-.
of light. Diffro ctiou due w·a ,ingle s lit. w idth o~ ccn!rn
maiumum . _Resolv ing powe rs of m rc_rosco ~ _,
as tron omica l telesc ope. polari s ation . plane polar ised light.
Brew ster s law. uses of plane polnn sed light l·4
polaro ids.
V11il-YII ,· Dual Nature o.[Malter and Radiation
Photoelectric effec t, Hertz and Lenar d's obser vation s. Einste . . (Ptri0q
in's photo elec tric equat ron, particle n '"'1
,,at0,
of light.
Matter waves - Wave nature of partic les, de-Br oglie relati on.
Davis s ion - Germ er expe riment.
Unit-VJI •· Atoms and Nuclei
Alpha - Partic le scatte ring exper iment s, Ruthe rford mode (Peri<>ds.J&
l of atom, Bohr mode l. energ y levels . hydro 1
spectr um . &(i
Comp ositio n and size of nucle us. atomi c masse s, isotop
es. isoba rs, isoton es. Radio ~ctivi ty - alph
beta and gamm a partic le/ rays and their prope rties. radioa
ctive decay law. Mass energ y relatio n , mass defe a
bindin g energ y per nucle on and its variat ion with mass numb . . d .
er. nucle ar f1ss1on an f us1on .
~
·
Ullit-lX •· Electronic Devices
Semic onduc tors, semic onduc tor diode - I. V. chara cteris . (Periot1s.18;
tics in forwa rd ad rever se bias, diode as
rectifi er, 1-V chara cteris tics of LED, photo diode , solar cell
and Zener diode . Zener diode as a voltag e regularo:
Juncti on transi stor, transi stor action , chara cteris tics of a transi
stor. transi stor as a n ampli fier (comm on emitte;
·confi gurati on) and oscill ator, Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT,
NANO and NOR) , Trans istor as a Switc h, Boolean
Algeb ra (Elem entary ideas only) .
!]nit- X: Comm unica tion System s
Eleme nts of comm unica tion system (block diagra m only), (Periods- )
bandw idth of signa ls (spee ch, TV and digital
data) ; bandw idth of transm ission mediu m propa gation of
electr omag netic wave s in the atmos phere , sky and
space wave propa gation , Need for modu lation , produ ction
and detec tion of an ampli tude-m odula ted wave.
· Satel lite comm unica tion system and its uses : Eleme ntary ideas
of electr onic gadge t used in our daily
life like - Mobil e, tax, mode m, comp uter and intern et, remot
e sensin g etc . .
+
COU,RSE STR uc·T ·U RE
. ~
Class-XII (Theory)
One Paper Three Hours Max . Marks : 70
Unit Class -XI
Weightage
Unit-I Electr ostati cs
Unit-II Curre nt Electr icity 08
Unit-I I! Magn etic Effec ts of Curre nt and Magn etism 07
Unit-I V Electr omag netic Induc tion and Altern a ting Curre nts 08
Unit-V Electr omag netic Wave s ·08
Unit-VI Optic s 03
Unit-VII Dual Natur e of Matte r and Radia tion 14
Unit-V III Atom s & Nucle i 04
06
~
Unit-IX Electr onic Devic es
Unit-X Comm unica tion Syste ms 07
05
~ Total 70
-
;, CLASS-XII
;, EXPE RIME NTS. .. ·•
PRA CT lCA LS
Section -A
1. To· determ ine resist ance per cm of · ·
a given wire by plotti· ng a graph··-qt.po tentia l differ
·.

----
curren t. ence versus
..

~ 1'1Wfltcn (XI-XII) Qlc$_4&i'4-2007·09

:-a•: 1r , ~
~.,. ,.,,e
r ro · tance of a given wire using meter b n'd ge and 1a.
fin~ resis
JJA
,icncc determine the s.p,ecHk rais.ta.ncc o f 11s .~
tenal. b" .
'Iii t fTla ·f the laws of com 1nat1on (series / parall c I) O r res •istances using II mettr br'idg,c. ~ ,
1 •
10 ven Y the e'?'fs of two ~iven prnn~ry .·
~ J. compare ce lls us ing poten1io mc1c r. .
'fo rrnine the internal fresistance of given pri mary cell using. .
'fo dete . potentiometer.
!J J.
Ire j.
1st
'fo determine re_s anc~
0 I
a ga vunometer by half-de ncction mechod and to find its figu re of merit. I~
-r: convert the given ga van~meter (of know resistance of figure of merit) into an ammeter and volrme1.er
(JfP
~ 10
d •red range and to verify the same.
/. . with a sonomter ~
of es1
f . d the frequency o f t h e AC mains
'fo in ·
•~ s. ,.,,.rvl'IIES
~measure the resi~tance a nd impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.
J. To measure the resi stance, Voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given ci rc uit
, i. •ng multimeter.
us1 h Id . .
To assemble a house O circmt co~prising .... three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source.
I >· To assemble the _co_mp~nents of_a given electric circuit.
4· To stud~ the v~nation 10 pot~nllal drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
· ;. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor / rheostat. key,
6· ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the
circuit and also the circuit diagram.
Section - B
~I, . .
To find the value of v for different values of u m case of concave mirror and to find the focal length.
2_ To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between x and v or between 1/u & 1/v.
,. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex Jens.
To find the focal length of a concave.I~ns, using a convex lens. .
4_
5. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of
incedence and the angle of deviation. ·
6. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
7. To find refractive index of a liquid by using (i) concave mirror (ii) convex lens and plane mirror.
8. To draw the I-V characteristic s curves of a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias.
' 9. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse break down voltage.
IO. To study the characterstics of a common emitter npn or pnp transistor and to find out the ,values of
current of such items.
' ACTIVITIES
I. To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
2. To identify a diode, an LED, a transistor, and IC, a resistor and a capacitor from mixed collection of
such items.
3. Use of multimeter to -
(i) Identify base of transi~tor,
{ii) Distinguish between npn and pnp type transistors,
(iii) See the undirectional flow of current in cai;e of a diode and an LED,
(iv) Check whether a giv~n electronic component (e.g_- dio?e,_transist ~r or IC) is in working order.
4. To observe refraction and later deviation of a beam of hght mc1dent obliquely on a glass slab.
5. To observe polarization of light using two polaroids.
6.
To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
7.
To study the nature and size of the image formed by -
(i) Convex.:lens . . .
( ,
i. ) c· . b
oncave mirror, on a screen y us1
·ng a cai 1 die and a screen (for different distances of the candle

from the lens I mirror) · 1 f h ·
t 0 btain • . .. . . .h h ·fled focal length by usmg true enses rom t e g1 ven set of
o a lens c~bmauon wit t e speci
lenses ·
~ED
., r,11 INVt;STIGATION PROJECTS
h
. d I
of a simple pen u um.

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To i nvesrigate whether t, e energy

~ iow~cii (XI-Xll) 4iq_t4<fiq'-2007-09

(ii) conserved.
2. To determine the radius of gyration about the centre of mass of a metre scale used as ab
3. To investigate changes in the velocity of a body of the action of a constant force and de~r pe~du1ulll
4. To compare effectiveness of different materials as insulators of heat. errnine it. ·
5. To determine the wavelength of later beam by diffracti.on.
6. -i:o study various factors on which the internal resistance/ emf of a cell depends.
7. To construct a time-switch and study dependence of its time constant on various factors.
8. To study infrared radiations emitted by different sources using photo-transistor.
9. To compare effectiveness of different materials as absorbers of sound.
10. To design an automatic traffic signal system using suitable combination of logic gates.
11. To study luminosity of various electric lamps of different powers and make.
12. To compare the Young's module of elasticity of different specimens of rubber and also draw th. ··
• elastic hysteresis curve. · · e,r
13. To study collison of two balls in two dimensions.
14. To study frequency r~sponse of (i) a resistor an inductor and a capacitor (ii) RL Circuit (iii)
Circuit (iv) LCR series circuit. Re
+

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m lffl.<iftt ~ (XI•XII ) tm{QO\'R - 2()07.o'

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