MBOSE Class 12 Sample Question Paper 2026 Philosophy

Meghalaya Board of School Education

SAMPLE
PAPERS

PHILOSOPHY

CLASS - XII

FULL MARKS: 80

TIME: 3 hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions:

General Instructions:

(i) Write all the answers in the Answer Script
(ii) Attempt Part-A Objective Questions serially
(iii) Attempt all parts of a question together at one place.

(PART: A – OBJECTIVE)
(Marks: 40)

SECTION – I
(Marks – 20)

GROUP-A

1. Choose and write the correct answer (any seven): [1 X7 = 7]
a. Induction establishes
i. General Real Propositions.
ii. General Verbal Propositions.
iii. Particular Real Propositions.
iv. Particular Verbal Propositions
b. Analogy is a kind of Inference from
i. General to General.
ii. General to Particular.
iii. Particular to General.
iv. Particular to Particular.
c. The Law of Causation is a
i. Formal ground of Induction.
ii. Material ground of Induction.
iii. Both Formal and Material.
iv. Neither Formal nor Material.

d. Observation and Experiment differ in
i. kind.
ii. degree.
iii. Both of the above.
iv. Neither of the above.
e. The Method of Agreement is based on
i. Analogy.
ii. Observation.
iii. Experiment.
iv. All of the above.
f. Experimental Methods are
i. Methods of Discovery.
ii. Methods of Proof.
iii. Both of the above.
iv. Neither of the above.
g. A Statement form that has only False substitution instance is said to be
i. Tautology.
ii. Contradictory.
iii. Contingent.
iv. All of the above.
h. Symbolizing “I will not go unless she goes”, we get
i. IS
ii. I  S
iii. SVI
iv. SVI
i. ‘Darshana’ means
i. Vision of Love.
ii. Vision of Pleasure.
iii. Vision of Truth.
iv. Vision of Knowledge.
j. A priori is
i. After experience.
ii. Before experience.
iii. During experience.
iv. All of the above.

Group-B

2. Write whether the following statements are True or False (any seven): [1 X7 = 7]

a. In Induction, the premises are derived from experiences.
b. Unscientific Induction is also called Imperfect Enumeration.
c. Conditions are not necessary factors of a Cause.

d. Observation is making a fact and Experiment is finding one.
e. The Experimental Methods are also called The Methods of Elimination.
f. A Hypothesis is the conclusion or end-point of Scientific Experiment.
g. In Symbolization, Variables do not have any fixed meaning and can stand for any
given range of values.
h. A statement is valid if it has only true substitution instances.
i. Philosophy is only empirical and not rational.
j. In Indian Philosophy ‘dris’ means knowledge.

Group-C

3. Fill in the Blanks (any six): [1 x 6 = 6]

a. Induction seeks to establish the __________ truth of Universal Real Propositions.
b. Inductive Leap consists in passing from observed to _________ cases.
c. According to the Law of the Conservation of Matter, the total quantity of Matter in
the world is _________.
d. _________ is a fallacy of overlooking something which ought to have been observed.
e. Mill formulates ________ Experimental Methods.
f. A __________ is a provisional supposition for the explanation of a phenomena.
g. The statements are said to be materially _________ when they have the same truth
value.
h. In Symbolic Logic, the word ‘and’ is symbolized by a _________.
i. Epistemology deals with the theory of ________.
j. _________ holds that reason is the only source of knowledge.

SECTION – II
(Marks – 20)

4. Answer any ten (10)in 2 or 3 sentences each: [2 X 10 = 20]

a. What are Axioms?
b. Why is Perfect Induction not an Induction at all according to Mill and Bain?
c. Define Colligation of Facts.
d. What is Analogy?
e. Define Moving Power and Collocation.
f. Distinguish between Positive and Negative conditions of a Cause.
g. What is Paradox of Induction?
h. Distinguish between Simple Observation and Experiment.
i. State any two Principles or Canons of Elimination in relation to the Experimental
Methods.

j. Why is the Method of Agreement also known as the Method of Single Agreement?
k. Define Logical Connectives.
l. State the rules of Material Implication.
m. Name three Rationalists.
n. Distinguish between Orthodox and Heterodox traditions of Indian Philosophy.
o. Name any three Empiricists.

(PART: B – DESCRIPTIVE)
(Marks: 40)
[Answer Question No. 5 and choose ANY TWO from the rest]

5. [A] Symbolize ANY FOUR of the following: [2½ X 4 = 10]
a. Either Ram decides to play and Sam plays with him or they do not undertake the tour.
b. Both Betty and Cathy will go to the picnic only if it does not rain.
c. If the weather is warm and the sky is clear, then we will go boating and fishing.
d. Either Bombay or Goa will get the sponsorship, but they will not both get it.
e. If people are literate then development is possible and prosperity can be achieved.
f. Chelsea will win the tournament unless Arsenal wins the super-league.
g. Germany will win the world cup if not Argentina.

[B] Use Truth Tables to determine the Validity or Invalidity of ANY TWO of the following
Argument forms: [5 X2 = 10]
a. (p Ͻ q)· (p Ͻ r)
p
⸫q ˅ r
b. (p ˅ q) Ͻ (p · q)
(p · q)
⸫(p ˅ q)
c. (p · q) Ͻ (p ·r)
~p ·~q
⸫r
d. p ·~q
⸫p
6. Discuss the Law of Uniformity of Nature and Law of Causation with the help of examples.
(5 + 5 = 10)
7. Explain the distinctive features of Indian Philosophy. (10)
8. Define Scientific Induction. Explain its marks and characteristics. (2 + 8 = 10)
9. What is Hypothesis? What are the conditions of a legitimate Hypothesis? (2 + 8 = 10)
10. Write Short Notes on ANY TWO of the following: (5 X 2 = 10)
a. Empiricism.
b. Difference between Deduction and Induction.
c. Rationalism.
d. Fallacies of Observation.

Answer Keys:

1. Choose and write the correct answer:
a. i.
b. iv.
c. i.
d. ii.
e. ii.
f. iii.
g. ii.
h. iv.
i. iii.
j. ii.
2. Write whether the following statements are True or False:
a. True
b. True
c. False
d. False
e. True
f. False
g. True
h. True
i. False
j. False
3. Fill in the Blanks:
a. Material.
b. Unobserved.
c. Constant.
d. Non-observation.
e. Five.
f. Hypothesis.
g. Equivalent.
h. Dot (·)
i. Knowledge.
j. Rationalism.
4. Answer the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences each:
Question No. a – j, refer to Textbook of Inductive Logic, B. N. Roy
Question No. k and l, refer to Symbolic Logic, I. Copi.
Question No. m and o, refer to Introduction to Philosophy, J. N. Sinha
Question No. n, refer to Introduction to Indian Philosophy, Dutta and Chatterjee.

5. [A]Symbolize the following :
i. (R ·S) V  T
ii. ( B·C)  R
iii. (W ·C)  (B ·F)
iv. (B V G) ·( B·G)
v. L ( P·A)
vi. AVC Or CVA
vii. G A

[B] Use Truth Tables to determine the Validity or Invalidity of the following Argument forms

a. Valid.
b. Valid.
c. Invalid.
d. Valid.

6. Refer to ‘Textbook of Inductive Logic’, Roy, B. N., Unit 2, Page No. 69-72, 76-77
7. Refer to ‘Textbook to Indian Philosophy’, Sinha, J. N.
8. Refer to ‘Textbook of Inductive Logic’, Roy, B. N., Unit 1, Page No. 9-13
9. Refer to ‘Textbook of Inductive Logic’, Roy, B. N., Unit 3, Page No. 135-136, 142-146
10.
A. Refer to ‘Introduction to Philosophy’, Patrick, G. T. W.
B. Refer to ‘Textbook of Inductive Logic’, Roy, B. N., Unit 1, Page No. 44-45
C. Refer to ‘Introduction to Philosophy’, Patrick, G. T. W.
D. Refer to ‘Textbook of Inductive Logic’, Roy, B. N., Unit 2, Page No. 117-120

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SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER_II
SUBJECT: PHILOSOPHY BLUEPRINT
CLASS XII
MAXIMUM MARKS: 80

[Type here] [Type here]
Objective Knowledge Understanding Application
Units/ Forms of
Sub Units Questions LA I LA II SAI SA VSA I VSA II VSAIII LA I LAII SA I SA VSA VSA II VSA LAI LAII SAI SAII VSAI VSA II VSA III
II II I III
I. INDUCTION — (i) 10(1) 2(3) 1(2) 1(2) 1(1) 1(2)
Relation between 5(1)
Induction and
Deduction(2) Kinds of
Induction,Scientific
Induction, Unscientific
Induction, Analogy,
Perfect Induction, Parity
of Reasoning and
Colligation of Facts.(iii)
LAWS OF NATURE —
Axioms, Primary and
Secondary Laws
II. GROUNDS OF 10(1) 2(2) 1(2) 1(1) 1(2) 5(1) 2(2) 1(1)
INDUCTION— (I)
FORMAL GROUNDS OF
INDUCTION —Law of
Uniformity of Nature
and Law of Causation,
Cause— Definition,
Qualitative and
Quantitative Marks of
Causation, Cause and
Condition, Plurality of
Cause (ii) PARADOX OF
INDUCTION (iii)

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER_II
SUBJECT: PHILOSOPHY BLUEPRINT
CLASS XII
MAXIMUM MARKS: 80

[Type here] [Type here]
MATERIAL GROUNDS OF
INDUCTION—
Observation and
Experiment
III. (I)EXPERIMENTAL 10(1) 2(1) 1(2) 1(1) 1(2) 2(1) 1(1)
METHODS —Method of
Agreement, Method of
Difference, Joint
Method of Agreement
and Difference, Method
of Concomitant
Variation and Method of
Residue (ii)
HYPOTHESIS— Meaning.
Forms and Conditions of
Legitimate Hypothesis
IV SYMBOLIC LOGIC— (i) 2(2) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 2½ (7) 1(1) 1(1)
Statement and 5(4)
Arguments, Statement
Form and Argument
Form, (ii) Logical
Connectives—
Conjunction,
Disjunction, Implication,
Equivalence
(iii) Symbolization and
Construction of Truth
Tables (Tautology,
Contradictory,
Contingent) (iv) Proving
Invalidity

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER_II
SUBJECT: PHILOSOPHY BLUEPRINT
CLASS XII
MAXIMUM MARKS: 80

[Type here] [Type here]
V. PHILOSOPHY— (i) 10(1) 2(2) 1(2) 1(1) 1(2) 2(1) 1(1)
Definition of Philosophy 5(2)
with reference to Indian
Philosophy, (ii)
Distinctive features of
Indian Philosophy
(iii) Rationalism and
Empiricism

 VSA I= any 7 out of 10 questions
 VSA II = any 7 out of 10 questions
 VSA III= any 6 out of 10 questions

 SA I= any 10 out of 15 questions

 LA I= Compulsory ( a) any 4 out of 7 questions
(b) any 2 out of 4 questions

 LA II- any 2 out of 5 questions

 The figures within brackets indicate number of questions.
 The figures outside the brackets indicate marks

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER_II
SUBJECT: PHILOSOPHY BLUEPRINT
CLASS XII
MAXIMUM MARKS: 80

[Type here] [Type here]

Distribution of Marks

Total Marks :80

OBJECTIVE TYPE: Marks allotted: 40
SL Section- I Total number of questions given Total number of questions to be done Marks Allotted:20
No
1. Group-A 10 07 1x7=7
2. Group-B 10 07 1x7=7
3. Group-C 10 06 1x6=6
Section-II Marks Allotted: 20
4. 15 10 2x10=20
DESCRIPTIVE TYPE: Marks allotted: 40
Q.5 is compulsory
Total number of questions given Total number of questions to be done Marks Allotted:20

5. Compulsory (A)07 4 2½ x 4 = 10
(B) 04 2 5 x 2 = 10
Any two from the rest Marks Allotted:20

6 1 5+5=10
7. 1 10
8. 1 2+8=10
9. 1 2+8=10
10. 4 2 5x2=10

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