Class 12 Pre-Board Sample Paper 2025 Geography

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Pre-Board Exam 2025 Sample Question Paper

SUBJECT – GEOGRAPHY (THEORY)
CLASS – XII

Time: -3:00 Hrs. M.M: - 70

सामान्य निर्देश-

1. प्रश्न पत्र को 5 खंडों ए, बी, सी,डी और ई में बांटा गया है
2. खंड ए में प्रश्न संख्या 1 से 17 एम.सी. क्य.ू प्रकार के प्रश्न हैं।
3. खंड बी में प्रश्न संख्या 18 एवं 19 स्रोत आधारित प्रश्न हैं।
4. खंड सी में प्रश्न संख्या 20-23 S.A. प्रकार के प्रश्न हैं (80-100 शब्द) ।
5. खंड डी में प्रश्न संख्या 24 से 28 दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न हैं (120-150 शब्द) ।
6. खंड ई में प्रश्न संख्या 29 और 30 मानचित्र आधारित प्रश्न हैं जिनमें 5 उप भाग हैं।
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS-

1. Question paper is divided into 5 sections A, B, C, D & E.
2. In section A question no. 1 to 17 are MCQ type questions.
3. In section B question no. 18-19 are source-based questions.
4. In section C question no. 20-23 are S.A.type questions (80-100 words).
5. In section D question no. 24 to 28 are Long Answer based questions (120-150 words).
6. In section E question no. 29 & 30 are Map based questions having 5 sub parts.
SECTION-A
1. निन्मलिखित में से कौनसा एक विकास को परिभाषित करता हैं 1

(A) नकारात्मक साथ ही साथ सकारात्मक
(B) गण
ु ात्मक परिवर्तन जिसमे मल्ू य हमेशा सकारात्मक हो
(C) जब मात्रात्मक परिवर्तन होता हैं तब विकास होता हैं
(D) उपरोक्त मे से कोई नहीं
Which of the following is the meaning of development?
(A) Negative as well as positive
(B) Qualitative change which is always value positive
(C) When there is quantitative change, development takes place
(D) None of the

2. निम्नलिखित अर्थशास्त्रियों में से किसने मानव विकास की अवधारणा को विकसित किया? 1
(A) अमेर्त्य सेन (B) महम्मद यन
ु स
ु (C) कैलाश सत्यार्थी (D) डा.महबब
ू उल हक

Which of the following economists developed the concept of Human Development?
(A) Amartya Sen (B) Muhammad Yunus (C ) Kailash Satyarthi (D) Dr. Mehboob-ul-Haq

3. ‘एकाकी फसल विशेषीकरण’ निम्नलिखित मे से किस प्रकार की कृषि की विशेषता है ?
1

Page 1 of 11

(A) बागाती/रोपण कृषि ू ध्यसागरीय कृषि
(B) भम
(C) गहन जीवननिर्वाह कृषि (D) उपरोक्त मे से कोई नहीं
’Single crop specialization’ is the characteristics of which of the following type of agriculture?
(A) Plantation agriculture (B) Mediterranean agriculture
(C) Intensive subsistence agriculture (D) None of the above

4. वे काम जिनमे उच्च परिमाण और स्तर वाले अन्वेषण सम्मिलित होते हैं, कहलाते हैं? 1

A.द्वितीयक क्रियाकलाप B. पंचम क्रियाकलाप

C. प्राथमिक क्रियाकलाप D.चतर्थ
ु क्रियाकलाप

Jobs that involve high degrees and level of innovations are known as: -
A. Secondary activities B. Quinary activities
C. Primary activities D. Quaternary activities

5. बिग इंच पाइप लाइन, परिवहन करती है - 1

(A) दध
ू (B) तरल पेट्रोलियम गैस (C) जल (D) पेट्रोलियम

The Big Inch pipeline transports
A. Milk B. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) C. Water D. Petroleum

6. विश्व व्यापार संगठन का मख्
ु यालय है - 1

(A) न्यय
ू ार्क (B) दिल्ली (C) लन्दन (D) जिनेवा

Head quarter of World Trade Organization (WTO) is-
(A) New York (B) Delhi (C) London (D) Geneva

7. अधिकतम जनसंख्या घनत्व वाला भारत का राज्य कौन सा है ? 1

A. बिहार B. असम C. मिजोरम D. तमिलनाडु

Which state of India is highest population density?
A. Bihar B. Assam C. Mizoram D. Tamil nadu

8. अधिकतम साक्षरता दर वाला भारत का राज्य- 1

A.केरल B.तमिलनाडु C.बिहार D.राजस्थान

The state having the highest literacy rate in India: -
A. Kerala B. Tamil nadu C. Bihar D. Rajasthan

9. निम्न में से कौन सी खाधान्न फसल नहीं है ? 1
A.गेहूं B.मक्का C.चावल D. चाय

Page 2 of 11

Which one of the following is not a cereal crop?
A. Wheat B. Maize C. Rice D. Tea

10. निम्न में से कौन सी परियोजना जल सम्भर विकास से सम्बंधित नहीं है ? 1

A. हरियाली B.नीरू-मीरू

C. अरवारी पानी संसद D.वन महोत्सव

Which one of the following projects not related to watershed management?
A. Hariyali B. Neeru-Meeru
C. Arvari Pani Sansad D. Van Mahotsav

11. दे श मे कुल उपयोग योग्य जल संसाधन केवल -----------घन किलोमीटर है | 1

(1) 1123 (ब) 1122 (स) 1132 (द) 1125
The total utilizable water resource in the country is only cubic km?
(A) 1123 (B) 1122 (C) 1132 (D) 1125

12. राज्यों का कौन सा समह
ू आर्सेनिक की अधिकता से अत्यधिक प्रभावित है ? 1

(क) राजस्थान -महाराष्ट्र

(ख) पंजाब -हरियाणा

(ग) पश्चिम बंगाल -बिहार

(घ) मध्य प्रदे श -छत्तीसगढ़

Which group of states are highly affected by concentration of Arsenic?

A) Rajasthan –Maharashtra
B) Punjab –Haryana
C) West Bengal -Bihar
D) Madhya Pradesh —Chhattisgarh
13.भारत में कुल कितने बड़े बंदरगाह हैं? 1
A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 9

How many major ports are there in India?
A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 9

14. निम्न में से कौन सा परिवहन कम दरू ी के लिये सवि
ु धा जनक है ? 1

A. रे ल परिवहन B. केबल कार C.सड़क परिवहन D.वायु परिवहन

Page 3 of 11

Which of the following transport is relatively suitable for shorter distance travel?
A. Rail transport B. Cable ways
C. Road transport D. Air transport

दिए गए आरे ख का अध्ययन करें और नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें ।
Study the given diagram and answer the questions given below. (1x3=3)

15. निम्नलिखित में से किस दे श में उच्च प्रजनन क्षमता और उच्च मत्ृ यु दर है ? 1

अ-कनाडा ब-जापान
स-बांग्लादे श द-श्रीलंका

Which of the following country has high fertility and high mortality?
(a) Canada (b) Japan
(c) Bangladesh (d) Sri Lanka

16. निम्नलिखित में से किस दे श में अन्य के साथ-साथ वद् ु ात है ? 1
ृ धावस्था की जनसंख्या का बड़ा अनप
(ए) पेरू (बी) कनाडा
(सी) केन्या (डी) बांग्लादे श

Which of the following country has large proportion of old age population among others?
(a) Peru (b) Canada

(c) Kenya (d) Bangladesh

17. निम्नलिखित में से किस जनसांख्यिकीय अवस्था में जनसंख्या में शद्
ु ध वद्
ृ धि अधिक होती है ? 1
अ- स्टे ज 1 ब-स्टे ज 2
Page 4 of 11

स-स्टे ज 3 द-स्टे ज 1 और स्टे ज III दोनों
The net addition to population is high in which of the following demographic stages?

(a) Stage I (b) Stage II
(c) Stage III (d) Both Stage 1 and Stage III

SECTION-B
18. Study the map given below carefully and answer the questions that follow. 1+2= 3

नीचे दिए गए मानचित्र का ध्यानपर्व
ू क अध्ययन कीजिए और नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए।

(i) मानचित्र में दर्शाई गई नहर को पहचानिए और उसका नाम लिखिए। 1

(ii) इस नहर की कोई चार विशेषताएँ लिखिए। 2

2) इस नहर की कोई चार विशेषताएँ लिखिए।

दृष्टिबाधित छात्रों के लिए Q.No. 18

1) स्वेज नहर के दो टर्मिनल बंदरगाहों के नाम लिखिए।

i) Identify and name the canal shown in the map.
(ii) Write any four characteristics of this canal.

For Visually Impaired Students in lieu of Q.No. 18

1) Name the two terminal ports of Suez canal.

Page 5 of 11

2) Write any four characteristics of this canal.

19. स्मार्ट सिटीज मिशन 1½ x2= 3

स्मार्ट सिटीज मिशन का उद्दे श्य उन शहरों को बढ़ावा दे ना है जो मख्
ु य बनि
ु यादीढांचा, एक स्वच्छ और
टिकाऊ वातावरण प्रदान करते हैं और अपने नागरिकों को जीवन की एक अच्छी गुणवत्ता प्रदान करते हैं।
स्मार्ट शहरों की विशेषताओं में से एक बनि
ु यादी ढांचे और सेवाओं को बेहतर बनाने के लिए स्मार्ट
समाधान लागू करना है । उदाहरण के लिए, क्षेत्रों को आपदाओं के प्रति कमसंवेदनशील बनाना,
कमसंसाधनों का उपयोग करना और सस्ती सेवाएं प्रदान करना।ध्यान सतत और समावेशी विकास पर है
और विचार कॉम्पैक्ट क्षेत्रों को दे खने,एक प्रतिकृतिमॉडल बनाने का है , जो अन्य महत्वाकांक्षी शहरों के
लिए एक लाइट हाउस की तरह काम करे गा।
(A) स्मार्ट सिटीज मिशन का उद्दे श्य उन शहरों को बढ़ावा दे ना है जो प्रदान करते हैं: 1½

(क) मख्
ु य बनि
ु यादी ढांचा (ख) एक स्वच्छ और टिकाऊ पर्यावरण
(ग) जीवन की एक सभ्यगुणवत्ता (घ)उपरोक्तसभी
(B) बेहतर इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर और सेवाएं बनाने के लिए स्मार्ट सिटीज की मख्
ु य विशेषता क्या है ? 1½

(क) स्मार्टसमाधान (ख) सरलसमाधान (ग) निवेश (घ) उपरोक्त में से कोई नहीं
Smart Cities Mission
The objective of the Smart Cities Mission is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure, a clean
and sustainable environment and give a decent quality of life to its citizens. One of the features of
Smart Cities is to apply smart solutions to infrastructure and services in order to make them better. For
example, making areas less vulnerable to disasters, using fewer resources and providing cheaper
services. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development and the idea is to look at compact
areas, create a replicable model, which will act like a lighthouse to other aspiring cities.

The objective of the Smart Cities Mission is to promote cities that provide:
(a) Core infrastructure (b) A clean and sustainable environment
(c) A decent quality of life (d) All of the above
To make better infrastructure and services what is the main feature of Smart Cities?
(a) Smart solutions (b) Simple solutions (c) Investment (d) None of the above

SECTION-C

20. मानव विकास के विभिन्न उपागमों की व्याख्या कीजिए | 3

Explain the various approaches of human development.

Page 6 of 11

21. प्रोधयोगिकी मनष्ु य पर पर्यावरण की बंदिशों को किस प्रकार कम करती है ? उदाहरणों सहित स्पष्ट

कीजिये | 3

How does technology loosen the shackles of environment on human beings? Explain with examples.

22. उपभोक्ता सहकारी, डिपार्टमें टल स्टोर एवं चेन स्टोर को परिभाषित कीजिये | 3
Define consumer cooperative, departmental stores & chain stores.

23. भारत में जनसंख्या वद्
ृ धि की विभिन्न अवस्थाओं की व्याख्या कीजिये |

3
Explain the various phases of population growth in India.
SECTION-D
24. रोपण कृषि की प्रमख
ु विशेषताओं को इंगित कीजिये | 5

Mention the main characteristics of plantation farming.

25. विश्व के ऊँच प्रोधोगिकी वाले उद्योगों की किन्ही पांच विशेषताओं की व्याख्या करें | 5

Explain any five characteristics of high-tech industries in the world.
26. इंदिरा गाँधी नहर कमान क्षेत्र में सतत पोषणीय विकास को बढ़ावा दे ने के लिए उपाय सझ
ु ाएँ| 5
Suggest the measures of promotion of sustainability in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.

27. विशालतम गन्दी बस्ती धारावी परस्पर कई असंगत तत्वों कोप्रदर्शित करता है . ये कौन-से तत्व हैं? 5
समझाए.
The largest slum Dharavi exhibits many contradictory elements. What are these? Explain.

28. भारत के अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार की बदलती प्रकृति पर टिप्पणी लीखिए | 5
Write a note on the changing nature of the international trade of India.

SECTION-E
29. संसार के राजनितिक रे खा मानचित्र में दिखाए गए पाँच भोगोलिक लक्षणों A,B,C,Dऔर E की पहचान
कीजिये और उनके सही नाम नीचे दी गयी जानकारी की मदद से उनके पास खिचीं गयी रे खाओं पर
लिखिए: (कोई पांच ) 5x1=5

A. जीवन निर्वहन का क्षेत्र

B. मिश्रित कृषि का क्षेत्र

C. विस्तत
ृ वाणिज्य अनाज कृषि का क्षेत्र

D. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय वायु पत्तन

Page 7 of 11

E. समद्र
ु ी बंदरगाह

F. पार साइबेरियन रे ल मार्ग का अंतिम स्टे शन

Identify the five Geographical features shown on the political outline map of the world as A, B, C, D and E and write
their correct Names on the lines marked near them with the help of following information’s: (ANY FIVE)
(A) Major areas of subsistence gathering
(B) Major areas of mixed farming.
(C) Major areas of extensive commercial grain farming
(D) An international airport.
(E) A major seaport.
(F) Intermediate Terminal station of trans-Siberian railway

नोट: निम्नलिखित प्रश्न केवल दृष्टि बाधित परीक्षार्थियों के लिए प्रश्न संख्या २९ के स्थान पर है :
(२९ .१) अफ्रीका में जीवन निर्वहन का क्षेत्र का नाम लिखिए |
(२९ .२) ऑस्ट्रे लिया में मिश्रित कृषि क्षेत्र का नाम लिखिए|
(२९ .३) किसी एक विस्तत
ृ वाणिज्य अनाज कृषि क्षेत्र का नाम लिखिए|
(२९ .४) अंतर्राष्ट्रीय वायु पत्तन का नाम लिखिए |
(२९ .५) किसी एक समद्र
ु ी बंदरगाह का नाम लिखिए|
(२९ .६) पार साइबेरियन रे ल मार्ग का अंतिम स्टे शन कौन सा है ?
Note: The following questions are for the visually Impaired Candidates Only; In Lieu OF Q.No.29:

(29.1) Name the major area of subsistence gathering in Africa.

(29.2) Name the area of mixed farming in Australia.

(29.3) Name the area of extensive commercial grain farming.

(29.4) Name the international airport.

(29.5) Name any Major seaport.

(29.6) What is the name of terminal station of trans-Siberian railway?

Q. NO.29

Page 8 of 11

30.भारत के दिए गए राजनितिक रे खा-मानचित्र में निम्नलिखित लक्षणों को उपयक्
ु त से दर्शाइए और उनके नाम

लिखिए | (कोई पांच) 5X1=5

I. अधिकतम जनसंख्या घनत्व वाला राज्य
II. कपास उत्पादन वाला राज्य
चाय उत्पादन वाला राज्य

III.
IV. नेवेली कोयला उत्पादन क्षेत्र
V. मथरु ा तेल शोधक कारखाना
VI. उडीसा में स्थित बौक्साईट की खान

Page 9 of 11

VII. चेन्नई समद्र
ु ी बंदरगाह

Locate and label the followings features with appropriate symbols on the given political map of India (Any five)

I. The State with highest population density.

II. Cotton producing state.

III. Tea producing state.
IV. Nevyeli coal production area
V. Mathura oil refinery.
VI. Bauxite mines in Odisha.
VII. Chennai sea port.

नोट : निम्नलिखित प्रश्न केवल दृष्टीबाधित परीक्षार्थियों के लिए प्रश्न संख्या 30 के स्थान पर है (कोई पांच) :-

(30.1) अधिकतम जनसंख्या घनत्व वाले राज्य का नाम लिखिए|

(30.2) कपास उत्पादित राज्य का नाम लिखिए|

(30.3) चाय उत्पादन करने वाले राज्य का नाम लिखिए |

(30.4) तमिलनाडु राज्य में स्थित कोयला क्षेत्र का नाम लिखिए|

(30.5) उत्तर प्रदे श में स्थित तेल शोधक कारखाने का नाम लिखिए|

(30.6) उडीसा में स्थित बॉक्साइट की खान का नाम लिखिये |

(30.7) तमिलनाडु में स्थित समद्र
ु ी बंदरगाह का नाम लीखिए |

Note: The following questions are for the visually Impaired candidate only; lieu Q.No.30 (Any five): -
(30.1) Name the state of India with highest population density.
(30.2) Name the cotton producing state of India.
(30.3) Name the tea producing state of India.
(30.4) Name the coal field located in Tamil nadu state.
(30.5) Name the oil refinery of Uttar Pradesh.
(30.6) Write the name of bauxite mines in Odisha.
(30.7) Name the seaport located in Tamil nadu state.

Page 10 of 11

Q.NO. 30

‘’ END OF PAPER’’

Page 11 of 11

MARKING SCHEME
SUBJECT – GEOGRAPHY (THEORY)
CLASS – XII
Time: 03.00 Hrs. Max Marks: 70

1. Qualitative change which is always value positive 1
2. Dr. Mehboob-ul-Haq 1
3. Plantation agriculture 1
4. Quinary activities 1
5. Petroleum 1
6. Geneva 1
7.Bihar 1
8. Kerala 1
9.Tea 1
10.Van Mahotsav 1
11. 1125 1
12. West Bengal-Bihar 1
13. 12 1
14. Road Transport 1
15. Bangladesh 1
16. Canada 1
17. Stage-II 1
18. (i) Suez Canal 1+2=3
(ii) Connect Red Sea to Mediterranean Sea, constructed in 1869, 160 km. length, Situated in Egypt.
19. (A) All the above 1½ x2= 3
(B) Smart solutions
20. Various approaches of human development- 3
Income Approach- oldest method, level of income leads to development.
Welfare Approach- Higher the expenditure on education, health and other amenities by the government.
Basic Needs Approach- It was introduced by ILO. Six basic needs are Health, Education, Food, Water
supply, Sanitation, Housing etc.
Capability Approach- Associated with Prof. Amartya Sen. Access to education and health facilities. (Any
other point)

21. The understanding of concepts of friction and heat helped us discover fire. 3

The understanding of the secrets of DNA and genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases.
Page 1 of 4

We use the laws of aerodynamics to develop faster planes.

Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology.

Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society.

The human activities create a cultural landscape such as health resorts pastures, ports, oceanic
routes and satellites in the space.

22. Consumer cooperatives: A cooperative business which is owned by its consumers for
mutual sharing of benefit, after setting aside money for investment, is known as consumer
cooperative. Consumer cooperatives often take form of the retail outlets which are owned and
managed by their consumers.Departmental stores: Departmental stores are large retail
establishments which have large collection of variety of goods, all organised under specific
department heads. A distinct feature of this kind of retail establishment is the organizing of
separate departments, under same roof to facilitate buying, customer service, merchandising
and control.Chain Stores: These are retail stores owned by a single firm and spread over vast
geographical areas across nation or worldwide. Chain stores are usually characterized by
similar service and infrastructural environment, involving similar architecture, style and
design. 3
23. PHASES OF POPULATION GROWTH IN INDIA:- 3

Following four phases are recognized in demographic history of India: -

STAGE I: 1901 -1921 stagnant growth, slow growth rate, BR & DR were high, poor medical facilities, low
literacy rate, inefficient distribution of food and basic facilities. Demographic divide;

STAGE II: 1921-51: steady growth, improvement in health and sanitation low mortality rate. Better
transport facilities, high birth rate and decline death rate. The influence of world war and Economic
depression influenced, Mortality Induced Growth

STAGE III: 1951-81: Population explosion, rapid fall in mortality rate, high fertility rate, introduction of
five-year plans, improvement of living condition, increased migration. Fertility Induced Growth

STAGE IV: 1981 onwards: growth rate declined, crude birth rate declined due to increase marriage age,
improved quality of life& education.

24. Introduced by Europeans in colonies situated in the tropics. Important crops- tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber,
cotton, oil palm, sugarcane, bananas and pineapples. Large estates, large capital investment, Managerial and
technical support, scientific methods of cultivation, single crop specialization, cheap labour and good system
of transport etc. (ANY OTHER POINT) 5
25. (i)Professional workers make up a large share of the total workforce. 5
(ii) Neatly spaced, low and modern offices and factories, along with planned

business parks for high-tech start-ups are its characteristics.
(iii) High-tech industry is regionally. concentrated, self-sustained and highly
specialised and known as technopoles.
(iv) For high-tech startups planned business parks have become part of regional
and local developments.
Page 2 of 4

(v) high-tech industries are the latest generation of manufacturing activities.
26. The following measures for promotion of sustainable development have been taken under
Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area:The first requirement is strict implementation of water
management policy. It envisages protective irrigation in Stage-I and extensive irrigation of
crops and pasture development in Stage-II.The cropping pattern shall not include
water-intensive crops. It shall be adhered to and people shall be encouraged to grow
plantation crops such as citrus fruits.The CAD programmes such as lining of water courses,
land development and levelling and warabandi system shall be effectively implemented to
reduce the conveyance loss of water.The areas affected by water logging and soil salinity
shall be reclaimed.The eco-development through afforestation, shelterbelt plantation and
pasture development is necessary particularly in the fragile environment of Stage II
The social sustainability in the region can be achieved only if the land allottees having poor
economic background are provided adequate financial and institutional support for cultivation
of land.
The agricultural and allied activities have to develop along with other sectors of
economy. It leads to diversification of economic base and establishment of functional
linkages between basic villages, agro-services centres and market centres.

27. haravi is Asia’s largest slum. There are many contradictory elements.
Negative versus positive aspect of the slum:Only one main road traverses the slum, the miscalled
‘ninety-foot road’, which has been reduced to less than half of that for most of its length.Some of
the side alleys and lanes are so narrow that not even a bicycle can pass. The whole neighborhood
consists of temporary buildings, two or three storeyed high with rusty iron stairways to the upper
part, where a single room is rented by a whole family, sometimes accommodating twelve or more
people.On the one hand, in this place of shadowless, treeless sunlight, uncollected garbage,
stagnant pools of foul water, where the only non-human creatures are the shining black crows and
long grey rats, on the other hand, some of the most beautiful, valuable and useful articles in India
are made. From Dharavi come delicate ceramics and pottery, exquisite embroidery and zari work,
sophisticated leather goods, high-fashion garments, finely-wrought metalwork, delicate jewellery
settings, wood carvings and furniture that would find its way into the richest houses, both in India
and abroad.

28. In 1950-51, India’s external trade was worth Rs. 1,2140 million, which rose to Rs. 22,09,270
crore in 2009-10. The main reasons for the rise in the quantum of trade is momentum piched up by
the manufacturing sector, the liberal policies of the government and the diversification of markets.
The nature of India’s foreign trade has changed over the years. Though there has been an increase
in the total volume of import and export, the value of import continued to be higher than that of
exports. There has also been an increase in trade deficit over the last couple of years. This
increase in deficit is attributed to the price rise of crude petroleum, which forms a major
component of India’s international trade.

Changing Nature of India’s Export: The composition of commodities in India’s international trade
has been undergoing change over years. The share of agriculture and allied products have
declined whereas shares of petroleum and crude products and other commodities have increased.
The shares of ore minerals and manufactured goods have largely remained constant over the
Page 3 of 4

years from 1997-98 to 2003-04. The increase in share of petroleum products is due to rise in
petroleum price as well as India’s refining capacity. The decline in traditional products is largely
due to the competition from the international market Amongst the agricultural products, there is a
great decline in the exports of traditional items such as coffee, spices, tea, pulses, etc. though an
increase has been registered in floricultural products, fresh fruits, marine products and sugar,
etc.Manufacturing sector alone accounted for 68 per cent of India’s total value of export in
2010-11. Engineering goods have shown a significant growth in the export list. China and other
East Asian countries are our major competitors.
Gems and jewellery contribute a larger portion of India’s foreign trade.Changing Nature of India’s
Import: India faced serious food shortage during 1950s and 1960s. The major item of import at
that time was foodgrain, capital goods, machinery and equipments. The balance of payment was
adverse as imports were more than export in spite of all the efforts of import substitution. After
1970s, foodgrain import was discontinued due to the success of green revolution but the energy
crisis of 1973 pushed the prices of petroleum, and import budget was also pushed up. Fertilisers
and petroleum replaced foodgrain import. Machine and equipment, special steel, edible oil and
chemicals largely make the import basket.There has been a steep rise in imports of petroleum
products. It is used not only as a fuel but also as an industrial raw material. It indicates the tempo
of rising industrialisation and better standard of living. Sporadic price rise in the international
market is another reason for the same. Import of capital goods maintained a steady increase due
to rising demand in the export-oriented industrial and domestic sectors. Non-electrical machinery,
transport equipment, manufacturers of metals and machine tools were the main items of capital
goods.Import of food and allied products declined with a fall in imports of edible oils. Other major
items of India’s import include pearls and semi precious stones, gold and silver, metalliferrous ores
and metal scrap, non-ferrous metals, electronic goods, etc.

29. WORLD MAP OR (For visually impaired candidates only)
29.1 Tropical Africa
29.2 South eastern Brazil
29.3 Australian Downs
29.4 Mumbai
29.5 Cape town
29.6 Chita
30. LOCATE ON THE POLITICAL MAP OF INDIA. OR (For visually impaired candidates only)
30.1 Bihar
30.2 Maharashtra
30.3 Assam
30.4 Neveli
30.5 Mathura
30.6 Koraput
30.7 Chennai

END OF MARKING SCHEME.

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