CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper 2026 Solution for Data Science

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CBSE | DEPARTMENT OF SKILL EDUCATION
DATA SCIENCE (SUBJECT CODE - 844)
MARKING SCHEME FOR CLASS XII (SESSION 2025-2026)
Max. Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 50
General Instructions:
1. Please read the instructions carefully.
2. This Question Paper consists of 21 questions in two sections – Section A & Section B.
3. Section A has Objective type questions whereas Section B contains Subjective type questions.
4. Out of the given (5 + 16 =) 21 questions, a candidate has to answer (5 + 10 =) 15 questions in the
allotted (maximum) time of 2 hours.
5. All questions of a particular section must be attempted in the correct order.
6. SECTION A - OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (24 MARKS):
i. This section has 05 questions.
ii. There is no negative marking.
iii. Do as per the instructions given.
iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
7. SECTION B – SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (26 MARKS):
i. This section contains 16 questions.
ii. A candidate has to do 10 questions.
iii. Do as per the instructions given.
iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.

SECTION A: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Source Material
Unit/ Page no.
Q. (NCERT/
QUESTION Chap. of source Marks
No. PSSCIVE/ CBSE
No. material
Study Material)

Q. 1 Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills (1 x 4 = 4 marks)

i. c. To whom? NCERT 1 17 1

ii. a. Intrinsic motivation NCERT 2 24 1

iii. a. Both Statement1 andStatement2 are correct NCERT 2 33 1

iv. b. A → 3; B → 1; C → 2 NCERT 3 55 1

v. b. Perseverance NCERT 4 103 1

vi. c. Dispose off the e-waste with the help of a certified NCERT 5 120 1
partner

Q. 2 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)

i. a. Both A and R are correctand R is the correct NCERT 1 2 1
explanation of A

ii. c. Outlier NCERT 2 11 1

844 – DATA SCIENCE – XII Page 1 of 6

iii. a. Lee Goldman NCERT 3 16 1

iv. Cross Validation NCERT 4 25 1

v. d. the model is not a good fitand might need to be NCERT 5 35 1
retrained.

vi. c. Recommendation systems NCERT 7 47 1

Q. 3 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)

i. c. Ethics NCERT 1 2 1

ii. c. Statement1 is correct but Statement2 is incorrect NCERT 2 8 1

iii. c. Supervised learningmodel NCERT 3 15 1

iv. b. Value of K is set foroptimum accuracy NCERT 4 23 1

v. a. The value of RSME is usually greater than or NCERT 5 35 1
equal to the value of MAE

vi. a. Clustering NCERT 7 48 1

Q. 4 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)

i. d. HIPAA was passed in Indiato protect healthcare NCERT 1 3 1
information from fraud and theft.

ii. Exploratory data analysis NCERT 2 7 1

iii. c. ii and iii NCERT 4 23 1

iv. d. Independent variable NCERT 5 34 1

v. b. Both Statement1 andStatement2 are incorrect NCERT 6 42 1

vi. c. Multi-class NCERT 7 48 1

Q. 5 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)

i. a. Both Statement1 andStatement2 are correct NCERT 1 2 1

ii. d. 1 → b; 2 → c ; 3 → a NCERT 3 15 1

iii. Euclidean (or) Manhattan NCERT 4 25 1

iv. b. Continuous NCERT 5 37 1

v. d. Many, one NCERT 6 42 1

vi. b. Unsupervised learning needs human intervention. NCERT 7 47 1

844 – DATA SCIENCE – XII Page 2 of 6

SECTION B: SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Source Material Page
Unit/
Q. (NCERT/ no. of
QUESTION Chap. Marks
No. PSSCIVE/ CBSE source
No.
Study Material) material

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions on Employability Skills in 20 – 30 words each (2 x 3 = 6 marks)

Q. 6 P in Respect stands for - Pay attention and focus on NCERT 1 5 2
what thespeaker is saying.
(1 mark for the word ‘Pay’; and 1 mark for
explanation)

Q. 7 Steps to overcome personality disorders NCERT 2 37 2
• Talk to someone. Most often, ithelps to share
your feelings.
• Look after your physical health.A healthy body
can help you maintain a healthy mind.
• Build confidence in your abilityto handle
difficult situations.
• Engage in hobbies, such as music, dance and
painting. Thesehave a therapeutic effect.
• Stay positive by choosing wordslike ‘challenges’
instead of ‘problems’.
(Any 2 of the above – 1 mark each)

Q. 8 A worksheet is a collection of cells in the form of a NCERT 3 42 2
grid (a network of lines that intersect each other,
making rectangles). When you open a spreadsheet
for the first time, you see a blank worksheet with the
name ‘Sheet1’.
A workbook is a spreadsheet that has one or more
worksheets.
(1 mark each)

Q. 9 • Government Mudra Yojana NCERT 4 92 2
• Credit Guarantee Scheme
• Stand‑ Up India
Scheme (Any 2 ; 1 mark
each)
Q. 10 • increase the efficiency of energy and raw NCERT 5 114 2
material.
• reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• control waste and pollution.
• protect and restore ecosystems.
• support adaptation to the effects of climate
change.
( Any 2 ; 1 mark each)

844 – DATA SCIENCE – XII Page 3 of 6

Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions in 20 – 30 words each (2 x 4 = 8 marks)

Q. 11 Data privacy is the right of any individual to have NCERT 1 3 2
control over how his or her personal information is
collected and used.
(2 marks for relevant explanation)

Q. 12 In the figure we can see that more than 2 variables NCERT 2 10 2
are used.
Multivariate analysis is a more complex form of a
statistical analysis technique and is used to analyze
more than two variablesin the data set.
(1 mark for each point)

Q. 13 K-NN does not have a specific training phase NCERT 4 24 2
where it learns about the data.
It usesall the training data while performing a
classification operation.
Hence follows the principle of lazy learning.
(1 mark for each point)

Q. 14 The given picture is Decision Tree NCERT 3 16 2
Benefits of Decision Tree
1. Decision Trees are versatile as they can be
used toany kind of problem at hand -
classification or regression.
2. Decision tree outputs arevery easy to
understand even forpeople from a non-
analytical background.
3. It can handle both numerical and
categoricalvariables.
4. Decision trees are a good tool for
classifying observations when the trend is
non-linear
(1 mark for identifying decision tree; any 2
benefits – ½ mark each)

Q. 15 We usually use linear regression when we want to NCERT 5 34 2
know:
• nature and strength relationship between two
variables (e.g., is there a positive relationship
between rainfall and crop growth).
• The predicted value of the dependent variable for
a given value of the independent variable (e.g. the
amount of crop growth for a certain level of
rainfall).
(1 mark per each point)

Q. 16 Unsupervised algorithms discover hidden patterns or NCERT 7 47 2
data groupings with their ability to discover
similarities and differences in the given unlabeled
dataset.
(2 marks for any relevant explanation)

844 – DATA SCIENCE – XII Page 4 of 6

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 50– 80 words each (4 x 3 = 12 marks)

Q. 17 Data governance can be thought of as a collection of NCERT 1 2 4
people, technologies, processes, and policies that
protect and help to manage efficient use of data.
The following points are to be kept in mind while
dealing about data.
• Keep the data secure.
• Create machine learning models that are
impartial androbust
• Be as open and accountableas possible
• Use technologies and data architecture that
has the minimum intrusion necessary.
(1 mark for defining the term data governance; any
3 benefits – 3 marks)

Q. 18 Steps of data cleaning are as mentioned below. NCERT 2 10, 4
• Remove duplicate observations - 11
• Remove irrelevant observations
• Remove unwanted outliers
• Fix data type issues
• Handle missing data
(any 4 points; 1 mark per point)

Q. 19 Steps to create a decision tree are: NCERT 3 17 4
1. The main decision that you are trying to make
should be placed at the very top of the decision
tree. Therefore, the main objective should be the
“root” of the entire diagram.
2. Next, you need to draw the branches and leaf
nodes. For every possible decision, stemming
from the root make a branch. One root or node
can have two or more branches. At the end of the
branches, attach the leaf nodes. The leaf nodes
should represent the results of each decision. If
another decision has to be made, draw a square
leaf node. If the outcome is not quite certain, you
should draw a circular node
3. Finally, you need to calculate the probability of
success of each decision being made. While
creating the decision tree, it is essential to do
some research, so that you can predict the
probability of each decision. To do this research,
you may examine old data or assess previous
projects. Once you calculate the expected value
of each decision in tree, put the values on the
branches
(1 mark per point; 1 mark for any suitable example)

844 – DATA SCIENCE – XII Page 5 of 6

Q. 20 a. Multiple Linear Regression NCERT 6 42 4
b. Multiple Linear Regression uses multiple
independent variables to predict the outcome of
a dependent variable. For example, effects of
age, weight, and height on cholesterol levels of
an individual. Here, age, weight, and height are
independent variables, and cholesterol level is
the dependent variable because it is dependent
on the factors age, height, and weight.
c. The basic model of multiple linear regression is
Yi = β0 + β1Xi1 + β2Xi2 + … + βpXip + ϵi where i =
1, 2, …, n foreach observation.
(a: 1 mark
b: 2 marks
c: 1 mark)

Q. 21 The k-means clustering method is a technique NCERT 7 49 4
that is used to spot clusters of data classes in a
dataset.
(½ mark for definition)
The k-means clustering algorithm works is as
follows:
1. First, specify the number of clusters K
depending on the input. (½ mark)
2. Initialize the centroids by shuffling the data
points and then selecting K data points forthe
centroids randomly.
(½ mark)
3. Do iterations till the point that there is no
change to the centroids such that the assignment
of data points to clusters isn’t changing.
(½ mark)
4. Compute the sum of the squared distance
between data points and all centroids.
(1 mark)
5. Classify or mark each data point to the cluster
it is closest to.
(1 mark)

844 – DATA SCIENCE – XII Page 6 of 6

Study Materials
Notes

Model Papers Class 6 Notes

Sample Papers Class 7 Notes
Half Yearly Sample Papers Class 8 Notes

Class 9 Notes
Important Resources
Class 10 Notes
Periodic Table
Class 11 Notes
Writing Skills / Formats

Maps of India / World Class 12 Notes

Books and Solutions

NCERT Books
NCERT Book Solutions
HC Verma Chapter Wise Solutions
RD Sharma Solutions
CGBSE Solutions