CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper 2026 Solution for Horticulture

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CBSE | DEPARTMENT OF SKILL EDUCATION
HORTICULTURE (SUBJECT CODE-816)
MARKING SCHEME FOR CLASS XII (SESSION 2025-2026)
Max. Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 60
General Instructions:
1. Please read the instructions carefully.
2. This Question Paper consists of 24 questions in two sections – Section A & Section B.
3. Section A has Objective type questions whereas Section B contains Subjective type questions.
4. Out of the given (6 + 18 =) 24 questions, a candidate has to answer (6 + 11 =) 17 questions in the
allotted (maximum) time of 3 hours.
5. All questions of a particular section must be attempted in the correct order.
6. SECTION A - OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS):
i. This section has 06 questions.
ii. There is no negative marking.
iii. Do as per the instructions given.
iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
7. SECTION B – SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS):
i. This section contains 18 questions.
ii. A candidate has to do 11 questions.
iii. Do as per the instructions given.
iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.

SECTION A: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Source Material Page no.
Unit/
Q. (NCERT/PSSCIVE/ of
QUESTION Chap. Marks
No. CBSE Study source
No.
Material) material
Q.1 Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills (1 x 4 = 4 marks)
i. a. People skills NCERT Unit 1 1
ii. c. Realistic NCERT Unit 2 30 1
iii. b. Personality NCERT Unit 2 33 1
iv. c. Microsoft Office NCERT Unit 3 63 1
v. d. Perseverance NCERT Unit 4 97 1
vi. Reuse, reduce and recycle. NCERT Unit 5 1
Q.2 Answer any 5 out of the given 7 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)
i. Dibbling CBSE Study Material Unit 7 50 1
ii. Rose CBSE Study Material Unit 1 02 1
iii. Marigold, Jasmine CBSE Study Material Unit 1 12 1
iv. Rose, Chrysanthemum, Carnation CBSE Study Material Unit 1 05 1

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v. Loose flowers, Cut Flowers, Nursery CBSE Study Material Unit 2 17-18 1
Production, Value addition, Landscaping,
etc.
vi. Central Agricultural University, Imphal; CBSE Study Material Unit 2 21 1
Anand Agricultural University, Anand
vii. Screening for privacy, minimize noise, etc. CBSE Study Material Unit 3 25 1
Q.3 Answer any 6 out of the given 7 questions (1 x 6 = 6 marks)
i. First Red, Grandgala, Confetti, Noblesse, CBSE Study Material Unit 9 111 1
etc.
ii. Screening from wind and shading from CBSE Study Material Unit 3 27 1
sun; Entertaining personnel guests etc.
iii. Hedera helix, Clematis spp., Allamanda CBSE Study Material Unit 4 34 1
violacea
iv. Cynodont dactylon L. CBSE Study Material Unit 6 49 1
v. Alternanthera amabilis, Justicia CBSE Study Material Unit 4 36 1
gendarussa, Plumbago capensis, etc
vi. Statue, Trees, Sun Dials, etc. CBSE Study Material Unit 4 30 1
vii. Fairy ring spot, Dollar spot, Pale or Yellow CBSE Study Material Unit 6 53 1
Lawn
Source Material Page no.
Unit/
Q. (NCERT/PSSCIVE/ of
QUESTION Chap. Marks
No. CBSE Study source
No.
Material) material
Q.4 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)
i. Computer Aided Design CBSE Study Material Unit 5 41 1
ii. AutoCAD, ArchiCAD CBSE Study Material Unit 5 43 1
iii. Aglaonema, Monstera, etc. CBSE Study Material Unit 7 62 1
iv. Aglaonema, Coleus, Euphorbia. CBSE Study Material Unit 7 60 1
v. Red spider mites, aphids, mealy bugs. CBSE Study Material Unit 7 61 1
vii. Tagetes erecta or Tagetes patula CBSE Study Material Unit 8 87 1
Q.5 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)
i. Chrysanthemum, Tuberose CBSE Study Material Unit 8 76,90 1
ii. Rose, Tuberose CBSE Study Material Unit 8 65,90 1
iii. Lipstick, Empire, Romana, White Tendra, CBSE Study Material Unit 9 115 1
iv. Dendrobium, Vanda CBSE Study Material Unit 9 125 1
v. Morimono, Nageire CBSE Study Material Unit 10 135 1

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vi. Entry Way, Front Lawn, Parking CBSE Study Material Unit 3 26 1
Q.6 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)
i. Silica gel, Sand CBSE Study Material Unit 11 144 1
ii. Air drying, Press drying, Freeze drying CBSE Study Material Unit 11 143-145 1
iii. Hydrangea, Baby’s breath CBSE Study Material Unit 11 145 1
iv. Bent neck CBSE Study Material Unit 12 157 1
v. 2-5C for 2 days CBSE Study Material Unit 12 165 1

vi. Pre- cooling CBSE Study Material Unit 12 156 1

SECTION B : SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Source Material Page no.
Unit/
Q. (NCERT/PSSCIVE/ of
QUESTION Chap. Marks
No. CBSE Study source
No.
Material) material
Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions on Employability Skills in 20 – 30 words each (2 x 3 = 6
marks)
Q.7. Eye contact, Gestures, Avoiding NCERT 1 15 2
distractions, giving feedback.
Q.8. 1. Practice meditation and yoga. NCERT 2 26 2
2. Talk to friends and family for comfort.
3. Keep your thoughts in present.
4. Maintain an accomplishment sheet
and enter even small achievements.
Q.9. 1. Making changes in digital NCERT 3 63 2
presentations is easy.
2. it can be printed and distributed to the
audience.
3. They can showcase images, videos,
animations, and music.
4. Can be shown to a large no of masses
by projecting on a screen.
Q.10. In this the person who uses their NCERT 4 83 2
technical expertise to create and offer
machines, tools and methods. Innovation
is also done to make industrial process
seamless and efficient.
Q.11. a. increases the efficiency of energy and NCERT 5 114 2
raw material.
b. reduce greenhouse gas emission.
c. control waste and pollution

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d. support adaptation to the effects of
climate change.
Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 20 – 30 words each (2 x 3 = 6 marks)
Q.12 Topiary: It is an art of training of plants CBSE Study Material Unit 4 33 2
into different shapes, or creating
sculptures using clipped trees, shrubs
and subshrubs. Plants should be
evergreen, have small leaves, dense
foliage. Eg. Duranta plumeri.
Q.13 Service area: This is that part of home CBSE Study Material Unit 3 29-30 2
garden which provides room for
necessities such as greenhouse,
vegetable garden, cut or loose flower
garden, firewood store.
Q.14 Mowing: It is the cutting of lawn grass CBSE Study Material Unit 6 51 2
for maintaining its attractiveness for
maximum utility. In one mowing not
more than 1/3rd leaves are removed.
Rolling is a method of correcting minor
variations in the
turf grass surface particularly those
caused by pedestrian traffic. The lawn
is rolled slightly while the sameis being
established. Roller should never be run
on a wet lawn.
Q.15 Flower arrangement: Arranging flowers CBSE Study Material Unit 10 133 2
in a kind of art and design. It is two
types. Japanese and English flower
arrangement.
Q.16 Freeze drying: Flowers and foliage are CBSE Study Material Unit 11 145 2
dried at very low temperature (-35℃).
In this method flower colour and form
remains unchanged.
Answer any 2 out of the given 3 questions in 30– 50 words each (3 x 2 = 6 marks)
Q.17 Public area: A place accessible to the CBSE Study Material Unit 3 26-27 3
public or outsiders for their use and
enjoyment.
It can be small park, roads.
Private area
It is owned and maintained by a single
individual or family.
House, garden, building, apartment
Q.18 1. Plant Nursery: CBSE Study Material Unit 2 2-18 3
This is another component of
commercial floriculture and in

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every small or big town or suburbs,
general or specialized plant nurseries are
coming up and the
demand for plants for interior, exterior
decoration/ landscaping is increasing
very fast. There are
over fifty thousand ornamental plants
nurseries in the country and alone
in/around Kolkata, there are over three
thousand ornamental/ bedding plants
nurseries.
Imp factors are
 Site selection: Near marketing Centre
for easy transportation. Avoid any
building, perennial water supply
source. Agro climatic condition, soil
type, ph, market demand these
factors are also considered.
 Product choice: Planting materials
such as seedlings of flowers, foliage,
bulbs, plants suitable for parks,
offices, roadside plantation, and
hospitals, residential areas are being
grown.
 Propagation methods: Seed (age,
maturity of seed, dormancy, water
supply, temp- these factors affect).
Vegetative method: Cutting, layering,
division and separation, grafting,
budding,
Tissue culture: Eg, orchid through
meristem culture.
Structures required:
Workshed: 6x4.5 m thatch roof with
locally available materials
Polyhouse: 9x4 m with 90 cm brick wall,
3.6 m tall rhombus netting
Store cum office: 6x4.5 m dimension
Fencing:
Land preparation: ploughing and cross
ploughing is done.
Seed production: In flower crops, in the
recent years the demand for hybrids (F)
has increased very fast in bedding plants,
annuals and herbaceous perennials.
There is unique demand for F 2 seeds in
ornamentals annuals and perennials
unlike any other sector of agriculture.
Open pollinated formulae mixture seeds
are also in demand, in additions to
inbred and pure line seed varieties.

5

Q.19 Hedge: It is a line of closely spaced CBSE Study Material Unit 4 34-36 3
shrubs and sometimes tress, planted and
trained to form fence.
Height is 1-3 m
Inga dulchis, Karina

Edge: They are planted on the border of
plot. Height is20-30 cm.
Alternanthra, Justicia, etc
Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 50– 80 words each (4 x 3 = 12 marks)
Q.20 Present scenario and scope CBSE Study Material Unit 1 9-12 4
 Features of Commercial
Floriculture in India
 Fertile soil
 Abundant water and sunlight
 Readily available low-cost labour
 Liberalized Seed and EXIM policy
 Adequate support from financial
institutions
 Increase in per capita income
specially the disposable income
 Change in rural-urban population
ratio
 Higher population growth rate in
cities
 Export of different floricultural
products from India
 First All India Coordinated
Floriculture Improvement Project
was started in 1971 with its head
quarter at IARI New Delhi, which
has 15 funded, four ICAR
institution's and two volunteer
centers covering 17 states in
India. Under this project research
on twelve crops viz., Rose,
Gladiolus, Gerbera, Carnation,
Chrysanthemum, Orchids,
Anthurium, Tuberose, Lilium,
Alstroemeria, Tulip and daffodils
is being carried out through 64
research projects.
 Area and production of Flower
crops in India
 Leading states in Flower acreage
(thousand ha) in India
 Traditional flowers like Marigold,
Jasmine, Rose, China aster,
Chrysanthemum, Crossandra,

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Tuberose, etc. are grown in our
country in 2/3rd area.
 Modern flowers like Rose,
Carnation, Gladiolus,
Chrysanthemum, Tuberose and
Orchids are grown in 1/3rd area.
 In India total area under modern
floriculture is about 700 ha, 70%
of which is in greenhouses and
90% of this is under roses.
 The main production centres of
modern flowers are at Bangalore,
Pune, Nasik, Hyderabad, Chennai,
Kalimpong, Delhi, Gurgaon, etc.
Q.21 Lawn establishment method: CBSE Study Material Unit 4 49-53 4
 Seeding: seeds are mixed withsands
and broadcasted.
 Dibbling: small bunch of grass along
with root and little stem is planted.
 Plastering: Grass roots with little
stem of 4-5 cm long pieces are
mixed with compost and planted.
 Sprinkling: used in rainy season
 Turfing: small pieces of well-
prepared turf cut into square or
rectangle shape and planted.
Maintenance operations:
 Mowing
 Weeding
 Rolling
 Sweeping
 Scrapping
 Bricking
Diseases: Damping off, fairy ring spot,
leaf spot, grey mould
Insects: Termites, ants

Q.22 Protected cultivation of rose: CBSE Study Material Unit 9 111-114 4
 Soil: well drained sandy loam soil
with ph 6.0-7.5
 Climate: day temp 24-26 C, night
temp 15-17 C, RH= 75%, CO2= 1000-
3000 ppm
 Varieties: First Red, Grand Gala,
Konfetti, Noblesse, Skyline
 Media preparation: both soil and
soilless substrate (rockwool. Peat,
sphagnum moss etc.); Ph- 5.5-6.8;

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 Bed size: 1-1.6 m wide, 30-40 m
longm 15-20 cm height
 Spacing: 30-40 x 15-20 cm
 Planting: May-june; done in 2 row
system; 7-8 plants/m2
 Fertilizers: FYM 100 t/ ha; N:P:K=
3%:0.2%:1.8%; Ca= 1%; Mg= 0.25%
 Important operations: Bending,
pruning, deshooting, disbudding, bud
capping
 Diseases: Dieback (Diplodia
rosarum), Black spot (Diplocarpon
rosae), Powdery mildew
(Sphaerptheca pannosa var. rosae).
 Insect pest: Aphids (Macrosiphum
rosae), Red scale (Lindigapsis rosae),
Chaffer beetles (Onycetonia
varsicolor).
Q.23 Drying methods: CBSE Study Material Unit 11 142-147 4
Air drying: They are naturally dried
either on plant part (insitu drying) or
after removal of flowers from stem
then kept for drying on a flat surface.
Eg. Paper flower, straw flower.
Microwave: Plant part are kept in
non- metallic container and
microwaved for 2-5 mints and dried
at a range of 300-700 Hz.
Embedded: Plant parts are
embedded into desiccants like silica
gel, borax, sand etc. Color and shape
remain intact in this method.
Freeze drying: Flowers are arranged
in specimen chamber and the frozen
-35C.
Glycerin: Hydangea, corn flowers are
dried by this method
Press: flower is pressed using
herbarium/ plant press.
Value added product: Flower
arrangements, Bouquets, Festive
decorations. Pot porris
Q.24 Storage methods of flowers CBSE Study Material Unit 12 156-165 4
Storage is highly useful to regulate the
supply in the markets to prevent glut,
especially when the prices cash down.
There are 4 types of storage:
a. Refrigerated storage: most widely
used.

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 Wet storage: flowers are stored with
their bases dipped in eater or
preservative sol. It is for short
duration. Temp is 2-4C. eg, rose 4C
 Dry storage: sealed in plastic bags to
prevent moisture loss. This is for long
duration and temp is 0.5-1C. eg, rose
0-1C.
b. Controlled atmosphere: Low temp
storage in gas tight chambers under
decreased level of O2 and increased
level of CO2.
c. Modified atmosphere: Less precise
form of CA storage, dry storage of
flowers in sealed bags leads in
reduction of o2 and increase in co2
level due to tissue respiration.
d. Hypobaric or low-pressure storage:
low pressure condition with high RH
(90-95%).

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Study Materials
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