CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper 2026 Solution for Medical Diagnostics

CBSE BOARD

SAMPLE
PAPER
2026

DOWNLOAD

CBSE | DEPARTMENT OF SKILL EDUCATION
MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS (SUBJECT CODE - 828)
MARKING SCHEME FOR CLASS XII (SESSION 2025-2026)
Max. Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 60
General Instructions:
1. Please read the instructions carefully.
2. This Question Paper consists of 24 questions in two sections – Section A & Section B.
3. Section A has Objective type questions whereas Section B contains Subjective type questions.
4. Out of the given (6 + 18 =) 24 questions, a candidate has to answer (6 + 11 =) 17 questions
in the allotted (maximum) time of 3 hours.
5. All questions of a particular section must be attempted in the correct order.
6. SECTION A - OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS):
i. This section has 06 questions.
ii. There is no negative marking.
iii. Do as per the instructions given.
iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
7. SECTION B – SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS):
i. This section contains 18 questions.
ii. A candidate has to do 11 questions.
iii. Do as per the instructions given.
iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Source Material Page no.
Unit/
Q. (NCERT/PSSCIVE/ of
QUESTION Chap. Marks
No. CBSE Study source
No.
Material) material
Q. 1 Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills (1 x 4 = 4 marks)
i. C - Respecting Employability skills 1 Pg.5 1
combined book/Study Com
material Class XII munic
ation
skills
ii. Specific Employability skills 2 Pg.30 1
combined book/Study Self
material Class XII mana
geme
nt
Skills
iii. The format of writing any function in Calcis: Employability skills 3 Pg.31 1
=function_name(Argument1;Argument2; combined book/Study ICT
Argument3;….. material Class XII Skills

iv. Creativity is a process of continually Employability skills 4 Pg.46 1
improving ideas and solutions by making combined book/Study Entre
gradual alterations and refinements. material Class XII prene
Entrepreneurs exhibit creativity by applying urship
the process of design thinking, thinking of Skills
alternatives, trying unconventional ways to
do things and continuously improvise and
iterate.

1

v. Employability skills 5 Pg.115 1
C - PHEVs combined book/Study Green
material Class XII Skills

vi. Average function Employability skills 3 Pg.32 1
combined book/Study ICT
material Class XII Skills
Q. 2 Answer any 5 out of the given 7 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)

i. ANS: b) Complete blood count CBSE STUDY 1 9 1
MATERIAL
ii. ANS: Trisodium Citrate CBSE STUDY 1 11 1
MATERIAL
iii. ANS: b) To make RBCs settle on the CBSE STUDY 1 19/97 1
surface of counting chamber MATERIAL
iv. ANS: a) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin CBSE STUDY 1 31 1
MATERIAL
v. ANS: b) Thalassemia CBSE STUDY 1 40 1
MATERIAL
vi. ANS: c) Packed cell volume CBSE STUDY 1 30 1
MATERIAL
vii. Ans. a) Centrifuge CBSE STUDY 1 10 1
MATERIAL

Q. 3 Answer any 6 out of the given 7 questions (1 x 6 = 6 marks)

i. ANS: c) Westergren’s Method CBSE STUDY 1 32 1
MATERIAL
ii. ANS: a) 3.8-4.8 million/cu mm CBSE STUDY 3 22/97 1
MATERIAL
iii. ANS: c) Gower’s Solution CBSE STUDY 1 19 1
MATERIAL
iv. ANS: b) Production of blood cells CBSE STUDY 1 40 1
MATERIAL
v. ANS: a) Land Steiner and Wiener CBSE STUDY 2 74 1
MATERIAL
vi. ANS: a) Red CBSE STUDY 2 76 1
MATERIAL
vii. Ans. d) Rh negative mother with Rh CBSE STUDY 2 75/97 1
positive foetus may get alloimmunized with MATERIAL
anti D and cause hemolytic disease

Q. 4 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)

i. ANS: a) Agglutination CBSE STUDY 2 67 1
MATERIAL
ii. ANS: c) Non hazardous waste CBSE STUDY 2 50/97 1
MATERIAL
iii. ANS: b) Antibodies CBSE STUDY 2 67 1
MATERIAL
iv. ANS: b) Thrombocytosis CBSE STUDY 1 24/97 1
MATERIAL
v. ANS: c) Lu a and Lu b CBSE STUDY 2 74 1
MATERIAL
vi. ANS: b) Controlled and interrupted flow CBSE STUDY 2 58/97 1
processes MATERIAL

2

Q. 5 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)

i. ANS: c) Sterilization CBSE STUDY 2 61 1
MATERIAL
ii. ANS: c) Tissue fragments extracted CBSE STUDY 2 82/97 1
from lesions MATERIAL
iii. ANS: a) AAF fixative CBSE STUDY 3 90 1
MATERIAL
iv. ANS: c) PAP smear CBSE STUDY 3 83/97 1
MATERIAL
v. ANS: a) Alcohol CBSE STUDY 3 89 1
MATERIAL
vi. ANS: b) Study of cells CBSE STUDY 3 82 1
MATERIAL
Q. 6 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)

i. ANS: a) Fine needle aspiration cytology CBSE STUDY 3 87 1
MATERIAL
ii. ANS: a) Endo-cervical brush CBSE STUDY 3 85 1
MATERIAL
iii. ANS: a) Fixation CBSE STUDY 3 89 1
MATERIAL
iv. ANS: c) cytospin CBSE STUDY 3 91/97 1
MATERIAL
v. ANS: c)Ether alcohol mixture CBSE STUDY 3 89 1
MATERIAL
vi. ANS: a) fluid aspirates CBSE STUDY 3 88/97 1
MATERIAL

3

SECTION B: SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Source Material Page no.
Q. (NCERT/PSSCIVE Unit/ Chap. of
QUESTION Marks
No. / CBSE Study No. source
Material) material
Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions on Employability Skills in 20 – 30 words each (2 x 3
= 6 marks)
Q. 7 CONTACT—connect with the Employability skills 1 Pg.2 2
participant who is contributing; eye combined Communicatio
contact, open posture, and nonverbal book/Study n skills
responses. material Class XII
ABSORB—take in all aspects of the
spoken message, implicit and explicit
and nonverbal clues. Do not judge or
evaluate.
REFLECTIVE FEEDBACK—mirror,
reflect, or feedback what you have
heard and why the contributor claims
to be valid.
CONFIRM—receive confirmation from
the speaker that you heard the
participant’s message accurately. If
not, start the method over again at the
beginning by having the speaker
restate their view.

Any 2
Q. 8 1. Openness Employability skills 2 Pg.24 2
2. Consciousness textbook Class XII Self
3. Extraversion management
4. Agreeableness Skills
5. Neuroticism
Any 2

Q. 9 Entrepreneurship is the perfect Employability skills 4 Pg.80 2
combination of art and science as it textbook Class XII Entrpreneurshi
requires specific progression and p Skills
procedures to be followed and also the
skill to digress when required, and yet
make the entire activity profitable and
growth oriented.

Q. 10 •Reusing scrap material For example, Employability skills 5 Pg.119 2
in paper mills, damaged rolls are sent textbook Class XII Green Skills
back to the beginning of the production
line, i.e., they are added as raw
material. In manufacture of plastic
items, off-cuts and scrap are re-
incorporated into new products.
• Ensuring quality control If the quality
of products is maintained, there will be
a decrease in rejected products, thus,
reducing waste. Automated monitoring
equipment are now being used, which
can help identify production problems
at an early stage.

4

• Waste exchange This is where the
waste product of one process
becomes the raw material for another.
It represents the way of reducing
waste disposal through re-use.
• Managing e-waste With advanced
technology, we have also encountered
problems in managing e-waste like old
mobile phones, laptops and television
sets. It is important to have sustainable
development and plan judiciously for
recycling e-waste.
• Use of eco-friendly material
Scientists have discovered various
material, which are eco-friendly, for
example, banana leaf and paper
plates that are easily disposable, etc.
These must be made easily available
and their use needs to be encouraged.
Any 2
Q. 11 ● A worksheet is a collection Employability skills 3 Pg.42 2
of cells in the form of a grid combined ICT Skills
(a network of lines that book/Study
intersect each other, making material Class XII
rectangles). When you open
a spreadsheet for the first
time, you see a blank
worksheet with the name
‘Sheet1’.
● A workbook is a spreadsheet
that has one or more
worksheets.
Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 20 – 30 words each (2 x 3 = 6 marks)

Q. 12 ANS: 1. Adequate sample is CBSE STUDY 1 15 2
ensured (vacuum in the tube MATERIAL
controls the amount of blood
entering the tube.)
2. Correct ratio of anticoagulant to
blood is ensured.
3. This is a closed system and
spillage of blood and hence any
Bio-hazard is thus avoided.
4. Large amounts of blood (in
multiple tubes) can be collected
with minimum discomfort to
patient.

½ x 4=2
Q. 13 Ans- Haemoglobin is converted to CBSE STUDY 1 37 2
acid haematin by the addition of MATERIAL
N/10 or 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and
the resulting brown colour is
compared with standard brown
glass reference blocks. The
intensity of the brown colour
depends on the amount of acid
haematin, which in turn,
proportional to amount of

5

haemoglobin in the blood sample.
Protein, lipid, bilirubin,
methaemoglobin, carboxy –
haemoglobin and sulfhaemoglobin
influence the depth of colour. Acid
haematin is in colloidal suspension
and so cannot be used in the
photometer or colorimeter which
required optically clear solutions.

Q. 14 ANS: 1. Uniform temperature CBSE STUDY 2 59 2
between 2 degree C – 6 degree C (in MATERIAL
AC room)
2. Stainless steel inner chamber
and Inside acrylic door to avoid
temperature loss
3. Digital temperature indicator cum
controller with audio visual alarm
4. Full view glass doors for
observation without disturbing the
inside conditions.

½ x 4=2

Q. 15 ANS: Sputum Cytology: Sputum CBSE STUDY 2 58 2
specimen can be obtained from the MATERIAL
patient either spontaneously or by
aerosol – induced method. Morning
specimen resulting from overnight
accumulation of secretion yields
best results. Three to five
consecutive days’ sputum samples
should be examined to ensure
maximum diagnostic accuracy. The
sputum must be carefully inspected
by pouring the specimen into a petri
dish and examining on a dark
background. Select any bloody,
discolored or solid particles, if
present, place a small portion of
each particle on a micro slide,
spread evenly and fix it
immediately.

Bronchoscopic Specimens:
Specimens that are obtained by
bronchoscopy are secretions
(bronchio-alveolar lavage), direct
needle aspirate from suspicious
area and bronchial brushing and
washings. Post bronchoscopic
sputum is one of the most valuable
specimens for the detection of
pulmonary lesions.

6

Q. 16 ANS: Endometria aspiration smear: CBSE STUDY 3 85 2
After preliminary visualization and MATERIAL
cleaning of cervix a sterile cannula
is introduced into the uterine cavity
and aspiration is then carried out
with a syringe. The specimen is
squirted on a clean glass slide,
gently spread and rapidly fixed.
2 x 1=2

Answer any 2 out of the given 3 questions in 30– 50 words each (3 x 2 = 6 marks)

Q. 17 ANS: Sedimentation is defined as CBSE STUDY 1 32 3
settlement of red cells to the bottom MATERIAL
with an upper plasma layer when
anti coagulated blood is kept
undisturbed for a period of time.
There are three stages in which this
occurs: 1) The stage of aggregation
- This is the first stage when the red
cells form rouleaux and is the most
important stage in sedimentation. 2)
Stage of sedimentation - is the
phase of actual falling of the cells,
the larger the aggregates formed in
stage I, the faster the rate of fall.
This is related to both weights to
surface area. 3) The stage of
packing - is the final one when
individual cells and aggregates
slow down due to crowding.
3x1=3

Q. 18 Ans- There are different varieties of CBSE STUDY 2 57-58 3
bags; they are single, double, triple MATERIAL
or quadruple.
Single bag : does not have any
satellite bags double, triple and
quadruple bags have one, two and
three satellite bags respectively
quadruple bags are also called
buffy coat bags and are used for
separating the buffy coat while
preparing the blood components
the bags contain the anticoagulant
solution : CPD / PCD – A / SAGM.

Q. 19 ANS: CBSE STUDY 3 87 3
INDICATIONS: MATERIAL
Aspiration is done using disposable
needles of 21 gauge (external
diameter approximately 0.6-1.0mm)
attached to a 20ml syringe.
• The FNAC needles are available in
a variety of lengths. Lenghts of a to
1/2 inches are found to be adequate
for most palpable measses.

7

• The 31/2 inches 22 gauge
disposable needle is used fordeep
seated soft-tissue masses.
• Ultrasound or computerized
tomography (CT) guidance can be
utilized, whenever indicated.
1
METHODOLOGY:
Taking all aseptic precautions, the
lump is palpated and localized, and
the site of puncture determined.
• The lump is then immobilized with
the left hand in a position favorable
for needle aspiration and holding
the syringe by the barrel in the right
hand; the needle is pushed into
predetermined site of the lump until
needle tip penetrates the center of
the lump.
• The plumger of the needle is then
retracted backward to create a
negative pressure inside the
syringe and needle bore; and
without withdrawing the needle
through the skin, the syringe is
rotated and moved in and out
through the lump whilst negative
pressure sucks cells into the lumen
of the needle.
• In order to obtain sufficient
material, particularly from fibrotic
lesions, the needle is moved back
and forth three or more times and
directed into different areas of the
tumor.
• Throughout this manipulation,
negative pressure is maintained in
the syringe by keeping the piston
retracted.
• After completion of the aspiration,
the pressure in the syringe is
allowed to equalize before the
needle is withdrawn from the lesion.
• This is achieved by releasing the
piston of the syringe. After the
needle had been withdrawn, the
syringe is disconnected from the
needle, filled with air and
reconnected.
• The material in the needle is
expelled onto a glass slide, care
being taken to deposit it as a single
drop at one end of the slide.
• The needle tip is then brought into
light contact with the slide and the
aspirate carefully expressed from it.

2

8

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 50– 80 words each (4 x 3 = 12 marks)

Q. 20 ANS: This instrument helps us to CBSE STUDY 2 62 4
examine tiny objects which cannot MATERIAL
be visualized with the naked eye. It
is a delicate instrument and needs
utmost care.
a) Cleaning of objective and
eyepiece should be done regularly
and they should be kept free from
dust. The optical part is cleaned to
remove grease using soft cloth or
lens paper.
b) Hold the microscope firmly while
moving it to prevent the lenses from
dropping down.
c) Exposure to sunlight should be
avoided and it should be kept at
room temperature. d) After one use
oil immersion, one must always
clean the oil from the objective.
4 x 1=4
Q. 21 ANS: The following steps are CBSE STUDY 1 45-46 4
followed to measure bleeding time: MATERIAL
-
•BP cuff is placed on the patient’s
arm about 2 to 3 inches above the
elbow joint. Pressure is increased
to 40 mm Hg. This pressure is kept
for the entire procedure.
• An area is selected on the volar
surface of the forearm (devoid of
any superficial veins) and cleaned
with spirit swab. The area is allowed
to dry and there will be 2 skin
punctures, 5 - 10 cm apart 2.5 mm
deep, 1mm wide are made and stop
watch started.
• Blood is blotted from each
puncture site on a piece of filter
paper every 15seconds. The filter
paper should not touch the wound.
(As this may interfere with the
process of platelet plug formation).
When bleeding stops, the watch is
stopped, time noted and BP cuff
released.
• Bleeding times of the two puncture
sites are noted and average of the
two results are reported.
4 x 1=4
Q. 22 ● Hair should be tied back CBSE STUDY 2 68-70 4
neatly, away from the MATERIAL
shoulders.
• The lab should be well-ventilated
and should strictly follow the
regulations governing the
acceptable limits of the reagents
used.

9

• If solvents are used during
practical sessions, the exhaust fan
must be switched on.
• Whenever doing staining
procedures ensure that protective
gowns, gloves and safety glasses
are worn.
• Inspect centrifuge tubes for
cracks.
• Never pipette samples with mouth.
• A safety data sheet should be
maintained for every chemical
compound used and it should
specify the nature, toxicity, and
safety precautions to be taken while
handling the compound.
• Proper disposal of hazardous
wastes is a must.
• Every instrument used in the
laboratory should meet electrical
safety specifications and have
written instructions regarding its
use.
Any 4 points 4*1=4
Q. 23 Sampling Devices: the collection CBSE STUDY 3 82 4
device may play an important role in MATERIAL
sample adequacy. The shape,
surface, texture and material of the
device may determine how much of
the scraped material is deposited
on to the glass slide and is available
for screening and analysis. Several
methods of obtaining cytologic
material from the uterine cervix are
available. However, use of cotton
swab for collection of cervical
smear is to be discouraged, in view
of the drying artifacts and loss of
cells, which are caused by this
method. Smears obtained with
original Ayre’s spatula are often
easier to screen. Wooden spatula is
preferable to plastic spatula,
because of its mildly rough surface
that can collect more material. The
disadvantages are that the method
may occasionally be traumatic to
the patient, and the tip of spatula
that does not fit the external or may
fail to remove some of the valuable
material from the squamo-columnar
junction.
Endo-cervical brush is a small
bottlebrush like device with one end
having fine bristles made up of
nylons. This device is strictly for
taking materials from endocervix.
Gently insert the brush in
endocervix and rotate one turn

10

pressing in the upper and lower wall
(Figure 3). The cytobrush is similar
to that of endocervical brush except
that the projected tip is without
bristles. This can be used for
obtaining cells from the whole
cervix. Single sampling devices and
methods have their limitations in
obtaining adequate smears from
the cervix. A combination of two
devices, usually spatula and
endocervical brush, give better
results. Triple smear or the vaginal-
cervical-endocervical (VCE)
technique can provide the best
results. However, feasibility and
cost factor need to be taken into
consideration.
In postmenopausal women. The
squamo-columnar junction recedes
making it difficult to obtain good
amount of endocervical cells and
cells from TZ.
Hence a combination of two
devices, spatula plus endocervical
brush is preferred.

Any 4 sampling devices and one
point about them 4*1=4
Q. 24 ANS: • Carnoy’s fixative: This is a CBSE STUDY 3 90-91 4
special purpose fixative for MATERIAL
haemorrhagic samples. The acetic
acid in the fixative haemolyses the
red blood cells. It is an excellent
nuclear fixative as well as
preservative for glycogen but
results in considerable shrinkage of
cells. Carnoy’s fixative must be
prepared fresh when needed and
discarded after each use. It loses its
effectiveness on long standing, and
chloroform can react with acetic
acid to form hydrochloric acid.
• AAF Fixative: This is the ideal
fixative used for cellblock
preparation of fluid specimens.
• Saccomanno collection fluid: A
green coloured fixative of the
collection of sputum.
• Cytolyt solution: This is a clear
water based buffered fixative for the
collection of fluid specimens. A
50:50 ratio of specimen to fixative is
appropriate (if this unavailable use
50% alcohol).
4 x1=4

11

Study Materials
Notes

Model Papers Class 6 Notes

Sample Papers Class 7 Notes
Half Yearly Sample Papers Class 8 Notes

Class 9 Notes
Important Resources
Class 10 Notes
Periodic Table
Class 11 Notes
Writing Skills / Formats

Maps of India / World Class 12 Notes

Books and Solutions

NCERT Books
NCERT Book Solutions
HC Verma Chapter Wise Solutions
RD Sharma Solutions
CGBSE Solutions