NCERT Solutions Class 3 The World Around Us Chapter 10 This World of Things

F R E E S T U D Y M AT E R I A L F O R E V E R Y S T U D E N T

CLASS 3 · THE WORLD AROUND US

NCERT Solutions

Chapter 10: This
World of Things

NCERT Textbook — Our Wondrous World

BOOK PAGES SECTIONS QUESTIONS MEDIUM

123 – 134 26 42 English

Every question Step by step Exam ready
Activities, in-text questions The working shown, not Written to match how
and all exercises. just the final answer. marks are awarded.

Solutions, notes, sample papers & more at 29 pages

l he World Around Us Chapter 10 This World of Things A aS m · NCERT So ut ons
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C L A SS 3 · T HE WORL D A ROUN D US · OUR WON D ROUS WORL D
NCERT So ut ons — C apt r 10: T s Wor o T n s
l i h e hi ld f hi g

Chapter 10 of Our Wondrous World opens Unit 4, Things Around Us. Khushi draws her bright classroom and
then wonders what everything in it is made of — wood, metal, glass and plastic. You find out which things
you can see through, which ones bend, and which are solids, liquids or gases. The chapter carries six
Activity boxes, two Write boxes, four Find out boxes and the closing Let us reflect set.

T E XT B OOK B OOK PAGE S
Our Wondrous World Class 3 123  134

S EC T I ONS QU E ST I ONS
26 42

M EDI UM
English

In-text Questions — Page 123

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Letʼs Take a Look Around Us!

Q1 Can you name the things that Khushi has drawn? Write in the boxes given.

1

6
2 3
5 326
8
7 4 336

10

11

9

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11

Khushi s drawing of her classroom Eleven things are marked to
ʼ . 1 11. Write each name in the
box with the same number .

Khushi has drawn these things:
 L t u
igh b lb

 B a oar
l ckb d

 Door
 E tr sw t
lec ic i ch

 W n ow ram
i d f e

 B r i d

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 Ro ck

 Man o g

 Mat
 C a r
h i

 Ta ble

− Exp anat on l i

Tip: Arrow 7 n s on t e d , so ‘windowpaneʼ or ‘glassʼ is
he grey rock seen through the window

also right there. Arrow 8 ends on a mango hanging on the tree, so ‘mango treeʼ is also
right.

Your own classroom may have other things too — a fan, a cupboard, a duster. Each of
these things is made of some material. Naming them first helps us ask the next question:

what is each one made of?

Q2 Can you see through the window glass? Why or why not? Look at Khushiʼs picture in
t he question above.)

Yes, we can see through the window glass.
G ass s transpar nt. L
l i e ight p asses through it. That is why Khushi can see the tree, the mangoes
and the bird outside.

A ctivity 1 — Page 124
Understand your Classroom

ACTIVITY

Q1 Draw a picture of your classroom in your notebook. Label the things that you have
drawn.

Sample answer: I r w t ackboard, the door, two windows, the fan, the light bulb, my desk,
d e he bl

my chair and the mat. I wrote the name next to each thing.

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co m
m.
− Exp anat onl i

How to do it:oSmt n your as e
. c
ass and look all around. Draw the walls, the board, the door and
a g l
m
i i cl

s e
the window first. Then draw the things you use — desk, chair, mat, bulb, fan. Write the

a
aAgl
name of each thing beside it.

as a name next to every thing drawn. When we name a thing, we can
correct picture h

then ask what it is made of. That is what this chapter is about.

co m
em . ag
g l as
a
n-text Questions — Page 124
co m
I

em.
Let us help Khushi find out

m l as
Q1sem
.co
Khushi is curious, “Where have all these things come from? Who has made them? a g
a
agl
What are they all made of?ˮ she thought. Look at Khushiʼs picture on page 123.)

om a s
agl
People have made these things from emm . c
s
aterials The materials come from nature
) — a ,agal ,
a
. .

Wood ( from trees t ble ch ir door

Metal ( rom ns t Eart ) — n s, na s, at
m
f i ide he h hi ge il l ches

Glass (most y rom san ) — w n owpan s, u
. co
m
l f d i d e b lb

Plastic —
as e
com l
tr sw t s

g
elec ic i che

m . a
e
as xp anat on
agl
− E l i

Who made them? A arp nt r ma
m
able, the chair and the door. Other workers
se
c e e kes the t

m ake the metal, glass and plastic things.
com g l a
m . a
ase
Why: Ev ry t n e hi g is m ade of one material or more. The material is chosen for the job the

agl
thing h s to do a .

co m
m .
as e
com l
Q2 The table and chair are made of wood. Where do we get wood from?
. a g
e m
as A NSW E R
agl c
We get wood from trees.
m .
m a s e
co agl
The trunk and thick branches of a tree are cut into flat planks. A carpenter joins the planks to
m .
make a table or a chair.

as e
a g l

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m .
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.co

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− Exp anat on
l i

Why: Woo ard and does not bend. So a wooden table can hold our books, and a
d is h

wooden chair can hold our weight.

Tip: Woo d is a natural material. The table made from it is artificial, because people made it.

A ctivity 2 — Page 125
Spot the Metals

ACTIVITY

Q1 Find as many things or parts of things, that are made of metals. Which metals do you
recognise around you? If you do not know the name of the metal, ask your friends or
an elder. Make a list of these metals in your notebook.

Sample answer:

THING METAL

Door hinges nails latches
, , Iron

Spoon, plate, tumbler Steel

Cooking pot pressure cooker
, Aluminium

Lota, temple bell Brass

Wire inside a plug Copper

Earrings anklets
, Gold or silver

− Exp anat on
l i

How to do it: Wa around your class and your home. Touch things — metal feels hard,
lk

smooth and cold. Write each metal thing and the name of its metal. If you do not know the

name, ask a friend or an elder.

Why: M ta s ar e l e c arefully taken out of certain rock and sediment, called ‘oreʼ, dug up from
inside the Eart . h

Tip: St eel is mostly iron . Brass and bronze are made by mixing copper with other metals.

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F ind out — Page 125
Spot the Metals

FIND OUT

Q1 What are other things in the classroom, such as, mats, bulbs and electric switches,
made of?

Mats are made of cloth, grass or plastic. Bulbs are made of glass. Electric switches are made
of plastic.

THING MADE OF

Mat Cloth, grass or plastic

Light bulb Glass, with a metal cap

Electric switch Plastic

Fan Metal and plastic

Duster Cloth

Why: G ass s transpar nt, so t
l i e he light of the bulb comes out through it.

In-text Questions — Page 125
See-through Materials!

Q1 Does your window have a glass pane?

Sample answer: Y s. My e assroom window has two glass panes in a wooden frame.
cl

I your w n ow as on y ron ars or woo
f i d h l i b den shutters , write ‘Noʼ.

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Q2 Can you see through it?

Yes, we can see through a glass pane.
G ass s transpar nt. L
l i easses through it, so we see things on the other side clearly. That is
ight p

why windows have glass, not wood.

Q3 What do you see?

Sample answer: I s ee a neem tree, the school playground and the road. Birds sit on the wall.
Why: G ass ts t
l le he light from outside re ach our eyes.

A ctivity 3 — Page 126

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Seeing through things

ACTIVITY

Q1 Collect a few small objects of different materials from your surroundings like bottles,
papers, cloth and utensils, etc. Look at a light bulb or a candle flame through them. You
can see through some objects very clearly, you can partially see through some others,
while you cannot see through some objects at all. Order these objects from those you
can see through very clearly, to those you cannot see through at all.

SEE THROUGH SEE THROUGH CANNOT SEE THROUGH AT
CLEARLY PARTIALLY ALL

Sample answer:

SEE THROUGH CLEARLY SEE THROUGH PARTIALLY CANNOT SEE THROUGH AT ALL

Clear glass bottle Thin polythene bag Steel plate

Clean water in a glass Oiled paper Book

Spectacle glass Thin cloth Wooden scale

Clear plastic sheet Frosted plastic tumbler Cardboard

Take care! Never look at the sun continuously — through any object or directly. It
will harm your eyes .

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co m
m.
− Exp anat on l i

How to do it:oCmo as e
. c
a clear bottle, a sheet of paper, a piece of thin cloth, a steel plate and
llect

a g l
s e m
a polythene bag. Look at a lighted bulb through each thing, one by one. Write each thing in
a
aWglhy S
the right column.

: a als let all the light through, some let only a little through, and some let
ome m teri

none through at all.

co m
em . ag
g l as
a
n-text Questions — Page 126
co m
I

e m.
Seeing through things

m l as
Q1sem
.co
Things that you can see through are called transparent. Most kinds of glass are a g
a
agl
transparent. Name one more material that is transparent.

om a s
agl
.
Clean water is transparent C a a ema a a c
as ,
a a .
l
. le r pl stic nd ir re tr nsp rent too

Why L : a ight p a
a gsses str a
ight through them so we c n see things on the other side .
Try this: Drop a o n nto a ass of clean water. You can still see the coin.
m
c i i gl

. co
em
m l as
n-temxt.cQouestions — Page 127 a g
e
as a e
I

l a
ag
T a l ce a d a e
r nsp r nt, tr ns u nt n op qu

se m
Q1
com
Some things are in between — that is, you can see through them only partially. They
g l a
m . a
ase
are called translucent. Find some materials that are translucent.

A NSW E R agl
Some translucent materials:
com
m .
m
Oiled paper or butter paper
as e
.co a g l
m
A thin polythene bag
l a se Thin cloth, like a dupatta
ag
.c
A rost astic tumbler
ed pl

m
f

Frost ed glass in a bathroom window

m a s e
e m . co agl
as
− Exp anat on
g l
l i

Why: On y a part o t
l f
a
he light p asses through these things. So the thing on the other side

m
, not clear.
co
looks blurred

m .
m ase
.co

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Check it yourself: Ho and behind a polythene bag. You can see the shape of your
ld your h

hand, but not your fingers clear ly.

A ctivity 4 — Page 127
Let us colour the world!

ACTIVITY

Q1 Collect two or three see through bags, bottles or thin cloth of different colours. Look at
a sheet of white paper through them. Does the colour of the paper appear to change?

Yes. The white paper looks the same colour as the bag, bottle or cloth we look through.
Through a red cloth it looks red. Through a green bag it looks green.
Why: Co our l ed pl astic or cloth lets mostly its own colour of light pass through.

Q2 Does white paper appear different when you look at it through thin blue plastic or
glass? Or, thin yellow plastic or glass?

Yes, it looks different. T rou h astic the white paper looks blue. Through thin
gh thin blue pl

a
yellow pl stic it looks yellow .
Why: W t pap r s n s a
hi e e e d b ck all colours. The coloured plastic lets only its own colour reach
our eyes .

Q3 Do the colours of different objects appear to change? How did a blue object look
through thin yellow plastic?

Yes, the colours of things also change. A blue object seen through thin yellow pl astic looks
dark — greenish or almost black.
Sample answer: My blue pen looked d ark green, almost black.

− Exp anat on
l i

How to do it: K a blue thing on the table, like a blue pen or a blue cloth. Look at it
eep

through thin yellow plastic and write what you see.

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Why: Y ow p astell l ic does not let blue light p ass. So very little light comes from the blue
thing , and it looks dark.

Q4 Have you earlier experienced looking through coloured transparent objects? Try to
recall such experiences.

Sample answer:
I ool ked through a green glass bangle. Everything looked green.
I ool a coloured plastic bottle.
ked through

I held coloured cellophane paper from a gift in front of my eyes.

− Exp anat on
l i

Other examples: coloured glass in an old window, or coloured sunglasses.
Why: Ea ansparent and coloured. It lets mostly its own colour
ch of these things is tr

through, so the whole world looks that colour.

Write — Page 128

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Chain Game
WRITE

Q1 In the table below, Khushi has grouped objects according to the materials that they are
made of. Her list of objects is in the first column of the table. The names of the
materials are in the second column. The third column of the table is for you to
complete. Here write the names of some objects you have seen that are made from
that material. Some objects around you may be made from materials not in this list,
e.g., clay and rubber are missing in Khushiʼs list. Use one of these to add an additional
row in the table.

KHUSHIʼS LIST NAME OF THE OBJECTS MADE OF THIS MATERIAL
MATERIAL WHICH ARE IN YOUR CLASSROOM OR
HOME

Table, chair, door Wood For example, pencil

Door hinges, nails, Metal

Windowpanes, Glass
light bulb

Electric switches Plastic

Sample answer: t he new n ames are in the third column.

KHUSHIʼS LIST NAME OF THE OBJECTS MADE OF THIS MATERIAL WHICH
MATERIAL ARE IN YOUR CLASSROOM OR HOME

Table, chair, door Wood Pencil, cupboard, ruler, bed

Door hinges nails , , Metal Spoon, key, scissors, tap, lock

Windowpanes, light Glass Mirror, tumbler, bangles, spectacles
bulb

Electric switches Plastic Bucket, mug, bottle, comb

— Clay Matka, diya, flower pot, toy horse

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About the book: Row 2 ends with a comma. Page 124 says the hinges, nails and
latches are of metal, so ‘latchesʼ is the missing word.

− Exp anat on
l i

How to do it: Loo aroun yourk ass and home for more things made of each material.
d cl

Write them in the third column. In the last row write Clay (or Rubber) and the things made
of it — for rubber: eraser, balloon, tyre.

Why: T ame material is used for many different things. That is why we can group things
he s

by their mater ial.

In-text Questions — Page 128
What is it made of?

Q1 Where do all these materials come from? Can you locate their source? For example,
Wood  Tree Metals — ___________________

Metals — rocks inside the Earth.
Metal is found in certain rock and sediment, called ore. The ore is dug up from inside the Earth.
Then the metal is carefully taken out of it.

Q2 Where do all these materials come from? Can you locate their source? Cloth —
____________________

Cloth — plants and animals.
Cotton ant. Woollen cloth comes from the wool (hair) of sheep.
cloth comes from the cotton pl

The fibres are made into thread, and the thread is woven into cloth.
Did you know? G ass s most y ma
l i l de of s and!

F ind out — Page 129

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Talk to your Grandparents
co m
em.
as
FIND OUT
m l
.co a g
em
Q1 laIsn their childhood, were these things made of the same materials?
ag
co m
a m. ag
se a ,
Sample answer: My ran mot a ade of the same materials — wood,
a
her s id m ny things were m

l
g d

ag
metal, glass and clay. But bottles were of gl ss not plastic. Buckets were of iron or brass.

m
− Exp anat on
co
l i

How to do it: As your ran par nts a out t
se m. .W
com a
as children
l
k g d e b he things they used rite down

g
m. a
two or three of their answers.
e : N w mat r a s am
Wshy
a a.
agl
e e i l c ater. So the same thing may be made of a different material
e l

tod y

m a s
em
.co agl
s
Q2 glathat they might not have seen before?
Are there new materials now
a
co m
m .
Yes. Plastic is the biggest new material.
m as e
.coanswer: My ran at r sa t r w r v ry a agl
em
Sample a a child.
s
g df he id he e e e e few pl stic things when he w s

gl aN a a , chairs, bags and toys. Thermocol is also new for him.
a
ow we h ve pl stic bottles

− Exp anat on
se m
com l a
l i

. ag
m
ase
Why: P op e le keep m aking new materials. A new material is used more when it is lighter,

agl
che aper or stronger.

com
m .
hasteare not in use now? Why?
Q3 mAre there any materials that they saw in their childhood ta
m . co agl
l a se A NSW E R
ag c
Yes.
m .
m a s e
co agl
Sample answer: My ran mot
.
aid clay pots, brass vessels, wooden slates and glass ink
her s

m
g d

as e
bottles were common. Now most homes use steel and plastic, because they are lighter and

cheaper and do not break easily.

a g l

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m .
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.co

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In-text Questions — Page 129
Different materials may look different

Q1 Different materials may look different. Are they also different in other ways? Would you
be able to recognise some material even with your eyes closed?

Yes. Materials are also different in how they feel, bend and sound. We can often tell a
material with our eyes closed.
Touch — m ta s smoot an
e o ; ot
l feel h d c ld cl h feels soft .
Bend — ot n s as y; woo o s not.
cl h be d e il d d e

Sound — m ta says ‘t n ʼ; woo says ‘t a ʼ.
e l i g d h k

− Exp anat on
l i

Weight — a m ta spoon s av r t an a p ast spoon o t sam s z .
e l feel he ie h l ic f he e i e

Try this: C os your y s. L t a r n put a spoon, a p n an a p
l e e e o ot
e f ie d e cil d iece f cl h in your

hand, one by one. Name each one.
Why: Ev ry mat r a
e e i l h as its own feel, its own sound and its own weight.

F ind out — Page 129
What is your spoon made of?

FIND OUT

Q1 What material is your spoon made of?

Sample answer: My spoon s ma i de of steel . Steel is a metal.
Some spoons are made of wood or plastic.
Why: M ta s ar . It o s not r a or m t n ot oo , so most spoons ar ma
e l i h d d e b e k el i h f d e de of it .

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Q2 Is it made of metal, wood or some other material? Can you guess?

Sample answer: My spoon feels cold , looks shiny and goes ‘tingʼ when I tap it. So I guess it is
made of metal.

− Exp anat on
l i

Four simple tests:
 Touch it. A m ta spoone s o
l at on . Woo an p ast
feel c ldo not. ce d d l ic d

 Look at it. M ta s s ny. Woo s u .
e l i hi d i d ll

 Tap it nt y w t anot r spoon. M ta o s ‘t n ʼ, woo o s ‘t a ʼ, p ast
ge l i h he e l g e i g d g e h k l ic m akes a
dull sound .
 Lift it. A m ta spoon s
e l i he avier than a wooden or plastic one.

Q3 Which of these words or phrases describes the spoon?

Smooth Rough Dull Shiny

Feels cold to the touch

For a steel spoon: smooth, shiny and feels cold to the touch.

WORD STEEL SPOON WOODEN SPOON

Smooth Yes A little

Rough No Yes

Dull No Yes

Shiny Yes No

Feels cold to the touch Yes No

A ctivity 5 — Page 130

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Knock on it and it will speak to you! Orchestra

ACTIVITY

Q1 Take a metal spoon and at least five objects made up of different materials—wood,
metal, plastic, cloth and glass. Gently tap the spoon on each of them. Listen to the
sound that each of them makes. Make your own words to describe all these different
sounds.

Sample answer:

OBJECT MATERIAL SOUND WORD

Steel tumbler Metal Ting-ting

Glass bottle Glass Tin-tin

Wooden scale Wood Thak-thak

Plastic mug Plastic Tup-tup

Folded cloth Cloth Almost no sound

− Exp anat on
l i

How to do it: Co a wooden scale, a steel tumbler, a plastic mug, a folded cloth and a
llect

glass bottle. Tap each one gently with a metal spoon — tap, do not hit hard. Listen, and

write one word for each sound.

Why: Ev ry mat r a ma
e e i l kes its own sound . Cloth is soft, so it soaks up the knock and
hardly makes a sound.

Q2 Try to capture those sounds in words, like ting-ting, dhum-dhum, dub-dub, … Now
compose your own beats.

The book gives this beat:

Ting, Ting, Thak, Thak

Ting, Thak, Ting, Thak!

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Sample answer: my own be at.

Tup, Tup, Ting, Thak

Tup, Ting, Tup, Thak!

Try this: P ay t w t l i i h fr iends . Each one taps a different material. Together you are an orchestra!

In-text Questions — Page 130
Does it Bend?

Q1 Khushiʼs table is made of wood. What else is used to make tables?

Tables are also made of metal, plastic, glass, bamboo or stone. A o t ll f hese are hard and do
not bend .

− Exp anat on
l i

Metal — a st or ron ta n a s op or an o .
eel i ble i h ffice

Plastic — a t ta w an arry outs .
ligh ble e c c ide

Glass — a ass top pt on m ta s.
gl ke e l leg

Bamboo or cane — a t ta us n many om s.ligh ble ed i h e

Why: A ta ble must be h ard and rigid, so that it does not bend under books and food.

Q2 Can we use fabric or rubber to make a table? Why or why not?

No, we cannot.
Fa r an ru
b ic are soft and flexible. They bend when we keep something on them. A table
d bber

must be hard and rigid, like wood.

Think: Ima n gi e if clothes were m ade of wood!

Write — Page 130

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Odd Pairs
co m
em.
as
WRITE
m l
.co a g
em
Q1 laLsist five objects and pair them with a material that is not suitable for it! Explain why
ag these materials will not work to make these objects. One example is done for you.

co m REASONS
S. NO. OBJECTS MATERIAL
e m . ag
g l as
a
1. Umbrella Paper Paper will tear if it gets wet in the rain

co m
e m.
m l as
m .co a g
l a se
a g
m a s
m .co agl
se
Sample answer:
g l a
S. NO. OBJECTS a
MATERIAL REASONS

co m
.
Umbrella Paper Paper will tear if it gets wet in the rain
m
1.

m Cooking pot as e
2.

. c o Plastic
g
Plastic will melt on the fire
a l
se m
g l a Windowpane Wood We cannot see through wood, so no light will come in

a
3.

se m
4. Shoes Glass Glass will break and cut our feet

comWood is hard and does not bend, so we cannot move in it g l a
m . a
ase
5. Shirt Wood

gl
About the book: The baook asks for five objects but prints only four rows. Use your
notebook for the extra row.
co m
m .
as e
−coEm g l
m . xp anat on
a
e
l i

as How to do it T
agl
a thing you use every day. Pick a material that will not work for it.
: hink of

Write in one line why it will not work.
.c
s e m
m a
agl
Why: Ev ry t n n
co
a material that suits its job — hard for a wall, soft for a shirt, see-
.
e hi g eeds

through for a windowpane.
e m
g l as
a

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In-text Questions — Page 131
Does it Flow?

Q1 We donʼt make walls of water because they will fall. What else could happen to water
walls?

A wall of water would flow away. Wat r annot e c keep its shape. Everything in the house would
get wet , and no roof could stand on it.
Why: Wat r s a qu . A wa n
e i li id ll eeds a solid, like stones or bricks, which keeps its shape.

A ctivity 6 — Page 132
Letʼs group them another way!

ACTIVITY

Q1 Here are the names of some objects: ink, a stone, smoke, ice, steam, a spoon, honey, a
bottle, a bag, water. If it is a solid, write its name on the tray; if it is a liquid, write its
name in the bottle; if it is a gas, write its name in the balloon.

Tray Bottle Balloon
The tray, the bottle and the balloon printed in the book. Write each name in the right one.

Tray (solids): a ston , e , a spoon, a bottle, a bag
ice

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Bottle (liquids): n , on y, wat r
i k h e e

Balloon (gases): smo , st am ke e

a stone
ice ink smoke
a spoon honey steam
a bottle water
a b ag

Tray Bottle Balloon

Why: A so ape. A liquid flows. A gas does not stay in a cup. Ice is a solid, even
lid keeps its sh

though it is made of water.

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Q2 Add some of your own objects in the tray, bottle and balloon.

Tray Bottle Balloon
The tray, the bottle and the balloon printed in the book. Write each name in the right one.

Sample answer:
Tray (solids): a , oo , a , y, r
ch lk b k b ll ke b ick

Bottle (liquids): m , o , u , t a
ilk il j ice e

Balloon (gases): a r, t a r ns a oot a
i he i i ide f b ll

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Why: So are easy to find, and liquids are things we pour. A gas we cannot hold in our
lids

hand at all. That is why the balloon has the fewest names.

Q3 Some objects could be confusing, such as sand or a sponge or clay. Identify more
such objects and write names of at least three of them.

Flour, sugar and toothpaste.
Flour and sugar pour a qu , ut a t ny ra n s a so .
like li id b e ch i g i i lid

Toothpaste ows out w n w pr ss t tu , ut t ps ts s ap on t
fl he e e he be b i kee i h e he brush .

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Cotton woo s anot l i her one . It has a shape, but it squeezes small, because air fills its holes
— just like a sponge.
Why: A ap of tiny solid bits can pour like a liquid. So we must look at one bit, not the
he

whole heap.

In-text Questions — Page 133
Natural  Artificial

Q1 List out five things in each group.  Natural: ________________________________  Artificial:
_______________________________

Natural: tr , man o, r , ston , wat r.
ee g bi d e e

Artificial: ot s, s o s, ta , p n , ott .
cl he h e ble e cil b le

Why: Natura t n s ar t r n natur . Art a t n s ar ma y p op .
l hi g e he e i e ifici l hi g e de b e le

Tip: Som natura t n s ar a v , p ants an an ma s. Som ar not a v ,
e l hi g e li e like l d i l e e li e like rocks , water
and air.

F ind out — Page 133

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Natural  Artificial
co m
e m.
as
FIND OUT
m l
.co a g
em
Q1 laHsave you seen trees around you that bear flowers and fruits at special times of the
ag year? If you have ever eaten a ripe mango or seen mangoes in the market or watched a
mango tree through the year, try to guess— at what time of the year did Khushi draw
c ormaround June?
her picture? Could it be around January o
. ag
s e m
a
agl

co m
e m.
m l as
m .co a g
l a se
a g
m a s
m .co agl
l a se
a g

co m
m .
m as e
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se m
g l a
a
se m
com g l a
m . a
ase
agl
om
.
Khushiʼs picture: a mango tree with mangoes growing on it and a bi
c
rd sitting on it.

s e m
m a
m . co agl
l a se A NSW E R
ag c
Around June.
m .
m a s e
co agl
Khushi drew ripe mangoes on the tree. A mango tree flowers in winter, around January. The
m .
e
mangoes grow slowly and become ripe in summer, around May and June.

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Many trees give flowers and fruits only at one special time of the year.
Find out: Wat ar your home for a whole year. Note the month it gets new
ch one tree ne

leaves, the month it flowers and the month it gives fruit.

Let us reflect — Page 134
A. Write
L E T US R EF L EC T WRITE

Q1 Things around us are made of different types of materials. Write down the names of
three materials we commonly see around us.

Wood, metal and glass.
Wood — ta , a r, oor
ble ch i d

Metal — spoon, na s, y il ke

Glass — w n owpan , u , tum
i d e b lb bler

Plastic, cloth, clay, rubber and paper are also right.

Let us reflect — Page 134
B. Discuss
L E T US R EF L EC T DISCUSS

Q1 Suppose you find a shining spoon. You donʼt know if it is made of metal or whether it is
made of some other material and then painted with shiny paint. How would you find
out?

Paint can shine too, so I would test the spoon.
 Touch it. M ta s o at on .
e l feel c ld ce

 Tap it w t anot r spoon. M ta r n s ‘t n ʼ.
i h he e l i g i g

 Lift it. M ta se avy or ts s z .
l feel he f i i e

I t
f i feels cold , rings and is heavy, it is metal.

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TEST IT IS METAL IT IS PAINTED

Touch Feels cold at once Does not feel cold

Tap Clear ringing ‘ting’ Dull ‘thak’ or ‘tup’

Weight Heavy for its size Light for its size

Scratch Still shiny below Paint comes off; another colour shows

An an also scratch one hidden corner gently with a coin. If paint comes off, the
elder c

spoon is painted.

Take care! Do the scratch test only with an elder. Never put the spoon in fire to
test it .

Let us reflect — Page 134
C. Draw
L E T US R EF L EC T DRAW

Q1 Draw three natural and three artificial things.

Sample answer:

Natura l Art ifici a l

Tree Bird Stone Chair Pencil Bottle

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A sample answer — three natural things and three artificial things.

Natural: tr ee , bird, stone. Artificial: chair, pencil, bottle.

− Exp anat on
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How to do it: D v i alves with a line. Write ‘Naturalʼ on one half and
ide the box into two h

‘Artificialʼ on the other. Draw three things in each half and write the name under each one.
Why: A natura t n l hi g is not m ade by people — it is already there in nature. An artificial thing
is m ade by people.

Let us reflect — Page 134
D. Do it
L E T US R EF L EC T DO IT

Q1 Match the pairs

Transparent A amp s a
l h de ma o pap r
de f e

Translucent A p at
l e

Opaque A ass us
gl ed i n sp ta s
ec cle

Match each word on the left with the right thing on the right.

The matching is:
 Transparent  A ass us gl ed in spect acles
 Translucent  A amp s a l h de m ade of paper
 Opaque  A p at l e

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Transparent A lamp shade made of paper

Translucent A plate

Opaque A glass used in spectacles

The matched pairs.

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Why: W s e arly through spectacle glass, so it is transparent. A paper lamp shade lets
ee cle

light out, but we cannot see the bulb clear ly through it, so it is translucent. No light passes

through a plate, so it is opaque.

Chapter at a glance
Things around us are made of materials. In K us ʼs assroom the table and chair are of
h hi cl

wood, the door hinges, nails and latches are of metal, the windowpanes and the light bulb

are of glass, and the electric switches are of plastic.
Every material comes from somewhere. Wood comes from trees. Metals are carefully
taken out of certain rock and sediment, called ‘oreʼ, dug up from inside the Earth. Glass is

mostly made of sand.

Some things let light through and some do not. Things you can see through are
transparent, like most glass. Things you cannot see through at all are opaque, like wood.
Things you can see through only partially are translucent.
Materials feel and behave differently. A metal spoon is smooth, shiny and cold to the
touch. Wood is hard and rigid. Fabric is soft and flexible, so it is used for clothes and

curtains, not for tables. Tap them and each one makes its own sound.

Things can be solids, liquids or gases. A solid does not change its shape — a stone, ice, a
spoon. A liquid flows and stays in the cup you pour it into — water, ink, honey. A gas flows

in and out and does not stay — smoke, steam, air.

Things are natural or artificial. Natural things are not made by people — trees, mangoes,
birds, rocks, water and air. Some natural things are alive and some are not. Artificial things

are made by people — clothes, shoes and tables.

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Quick revision
m l a se
m .co WHAT IT MEANS WHERE IT COMaEgS IN THE
ase
WORD PAGE

agl
CHAPTER

Material What a thing is made of Wood, metal, glass and plastic in
m
128

co
the Chain Game

e m . ag
Metal
g l as
A hard, shiny material taken out from inside the The hinges, nails and latches of the 124

Earth
a door

com
Ore The rock and sediment from which metals are Do you know box
.
? 124

m
taken out

m You can see through it clearly ase
Transparent
e m . co agl
Most kinds of glass 126

g l as
a
Translucent You can see through it only partially Some things are in between 127

a s
Opaque Wood
m
You cannot see through it at all

o agl
127

. c
Rigid and
means soft, it bends easilyas
em
Rigid means hard, it does not bend; flexible Wood is rigid, fabric is flexible

agl
130

flexible

Solid It does not change its shape Stones, bricks and wood for a wall
m
131

. co
m
ase
Liquid It flows, and it stays in the cup you pour it into Water 131

m
Gas
m . co Air agl
se
It flows in and out and does not stay in a cup 131

l a
ag tural
Na It is not made by people; it is there in nature The tree, the mango and the bird 133

se m
com a
Artificial Clothes shoes and tables
l
It is made by people

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