Kerala SSLC English Notes

SSLC

NOTES
Chapter Wise

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Textual Comprehension

Adventures in a Banyan Tree (Short Story) ----------------------------- 3
The Snake and the Mirror (Short Story) --------------------------------- 4
Project Tiger (Memoir) ---------------------------------------------------------- 5
The Best Investment I Ever Made (Anecdote)-------------------------- 6
The Danger of a Single Story (Speech) ----------------------------------- 7
The Scholarship Jacket (Short Story) -------------------------------------- 8
Vanka (Short Story) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 9
The Castaway (Short Story)----------------------------------------------------- 10
Lines Written in Early Spring (Poem) -------------------------------------- 11
Blowin' In The Wind (Song) ---------------------------------------------------- 12
The Ballad of Father Gilligan (Poem) --------------------------------------- 13
Poetry (Poem) -------------------------------------------------------------------------13
Mother to Son (Poem) -------------------------------------------------------------14

2. Discourses
Character sketch--------------------------------------------------------------15
Diary--------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
Letter ------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
Notice------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
Profile------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
Information Transfer------------------------------------------------------- 26
Edit----------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
Conversation Completion--------------------------------------------------30
Phrasal Verbs. ---------------------------------------------------------------33
Reported speech---------------------------------------------------------------35

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1.Textual Comprehension

1. Adventures in a Banyan Tree

‘Adventures in a Banyan Tree’ is an interesting story about a boy who enjoys
endless pleasure by being close to nature. The incidents in the story took place
around a Banyan tree. The main theme of the story is the boy’s friendship with a
squirrel, and the fight between a cobra and a mongoose.

The boy made a small platform half way up the tree. He would often spend his
free time on it reading books or enjoying different sights of nature. On the tree,
he had a friend. It was a small grey squirrel. At first the squirrel was resentful to
come near him. Later it understood that the boy was not harmful. The boy gave
it some biscuits. Slowly it was ready to take food from his hands and was delving
into his pocket.
As usual the boy was sitting on the platform and was enjoying the scenes
of nature. Suddenly, a huge cobra came out from the bushes. At the same time,
a mongoose also appeared on the scene. Then he saw a deadly fight between the
mongoose and the snake.
There came two other spectators, a myna and a jungle crow. They were also
trying to attack the snake. The crow was killed by the snake. At the end of the
fight, the mongoose killed the snake and dragged it into the bushes.

1. Where did the incident in the story take place?
2. Where did the boy make the platform?
3. What was he doing while sitting on the platform?
4. Who was the boy’s first friend?
5. What did the boy give to the squirrel?
6. Find out a word from the passage which means ‘feeling bitterness.’
7. ‘An interesting story’ is an example of Noun Phrase. Find out an example of
similar Noun Phrase from the passage.
8. Who were the spectators in the deadly fight between the cobra and the
mongoose?
9. What happened to the crow?
10. Who won the fight?
Discourse Questions:
1.The boy got a new friend a small grey squirrel. What would he write in his diary
on that day. (Ans: refer diary).
12. The boy was thrilled to see the fight between the mongoose and the cobra. He
writes a letter to his friend describing about it. Prepare the likely letter.
13. Write a paragraph on the fight between the mongoose and the cobra.

Ans: As usual the boy was sitting on the platform. ........................
..................................... killed the snake and dragged it into the bushes

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2. The Snake and the Mirror

Vaikom Muhammed Basheer is a famous writer in Malayalam. His ‘The Snake and
The Mirror’ is an interesting story about a Homeopath, who shares his terrible
experience with a snake. The doctor had just started his practice and his earnings
were meagre. He lived in a small rented room which was not electrified. He had
only sixty rupees, some shirts, dhotis, and a black coat. His room was full of rats.

He describes a shocking experience he had. One night he was sitting on a chair
and looking at the mirror on the table. He began to think how to improve his
looks. Suddenly he heard a sound of something falling. At first he did not pay
much attention as it was the usual sound made by rats. As soon as he turned
back, a snake, a full blooded cobra landed on his shoulder and coiled around his
left arm. It’s hood was spread out. Deep in fear, he sat like a statue and prayed
to God. Meanwhile, the snake saw it’s reflection and moved towards the mirror as
if it was enjoying it’s beauty. He slowly went out and ran towards his friend’s
house.

Next morning, he came back with his friends but couldn’t find the snake. But the
funny thing was that all his belongings except the dirty vest were stolen.

1. What was the story about?
2. Where did the doctor live?
3. Find out a word which means ‘less amount.’
4. What was the sound that the doctor usually hear in his room?
5. Why didn't the doctor pay much attention to the sound?
6. ‘He was sitting on a chair.’ Here ‘on a chair’ is an example of prepositional
phrase. Find out two examples of prepositional phrase.
7. Where did the cobra land?
8. What did the doctor do, when the cobra landed on his shoulder?
9.What was the funny thing that happened when the doctor returned to his
room?

1. The Homeopath had a terrible experience with the snake. How did he narrate
it to his friends?

2. The Homeopath writes a letter to his friend about the shocking experience
with the snake. Draft the likely letter.

5. The Homeopath was shocked by his experience with the snake. What would
he write in his diary on that day? Prepare the likely diary entry.

6. Prepare the character sketch of homeopath.

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Humour in the story.
One summer evening, the doctor returned to his room. He sat on a chair and
looked at the mirror placed on the table. He decided to look more handsome by
shaving daily, growing a thin moustache and keeping an attractive smile. He
wanted to marry a doctor who had plenty of money and having good medical
practice. She should be a fat lady so that she should not catch him whenever he
made any mistake. But actually he married a thin lady with the gift of a sprinter.

3. Project Tiger

Satyajit Ray wanted a tiger for a small scene in his new film, ‘Goopy Gyne Bagha
Byne’. He went to Bharat Circus and met the manager. The manager who was a
South Indian offered him coffee and introduced Satyajit Ray to his ringmaster, Mr
Thorat. He was a very helpful man. He agreed to bring the tiger.

Shooting at Notun Gram: Satyajit Ray found a bamboo grove in Notun Gram. Mr
Thorat came to the location with the tiger in a lorry. He brought two well fed and
robust tigers. He said he wanted to play it safe. If one tiger didn’t work, they
could use the other. The tiger had to come out of the grove to the open space
and go back into the grove. For safety, they had put a collar made of tiger skin
and tied a thin wire to an iron rod fixed to the ground. A few villagers came to
see the shooting with permission from the director. When the door of the cage
was opened, instead of walking in a dignified manner, the tiger jumped out with
great energy. It rolled, it leapt and dragged it’s trainer. Everyone enjoyed a circus
for free. After some time, it calmed down and the scene was shot. After two
days, it was found that the camera had failed to work.

Shooting at Boral: The scene with the tiger had to be shot again. Another
bamboo grove near Calcutta was found. Mr Thorat came with the tiger, collar, thin
wire and the iron rod. Many villagers came to see the shooting and stood close to
the camera. They did not obey the instruction of the director. When the cage was
opened, the tiger jumped out with a loud roar at the people. They ran away at
once. When the tiger calmed down, the scene was shot. The camera also worked
well.

1. Describe briefly about the difficulties that Ray faced while shooting his film
with a tiger.
2. Ray sadly realized that the camera had failed to work properly while shooting
with the tiger at Notun Gram. He write a letter to his friend. Prepare the likely

letter.

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4.The Best Investment I Ever Made

While the narrator, A.J. Cronin was travelling in a ship, he came across Mr. John
and his wife. Mr. John introduced himself as a solicitor and director of a charitable
organisation for young boys and girls from the city slums. He took the backward
and maladjusted children from juvenile court and gave them training in useful
handicrafts and send them back to the society as useful members.

Mr John reminded him of an incident of their first meeting twenty five years ago.
The narrator had just started his medical practice. One night a sergeant came
and asked him to save a young man, who tried to commit suicide by opening the
gas. After great effort, the doctor saved him from death. Then the young man
told his story.

After the death of his parents, he was working in a solicitor’s office. He fell in the
bad company. He started betting on horses and lost all his savings. He stole
seven pounds and ten shillings from the office safe for his final gamble and lost
that too. Fearing prosecution, he tried to commit suicide.

The landlady offered him one month’s free lodging, the sergeant promised not to
charge any case. The narrator gave him seven pounds and ten shillings to put
back in the office safe and this help proved to be his best investment that he ever
made.

1. Where did the narrator meet Mr. John?
2. Find out a phrasal verb which means ‘happened to meet.’
3. Who was Mr John?
4. How did Mr John support the backward and maladjusted children from juvenile
court?
5. When did Mr John and the doctor meet for the first time?
6. Why did the sergeant call the doctor?
7. What forced the young man to commit suicide?
8. How did the landlady and the sergeant help the young man?
9. According to the narrator what is the best investment that he ever made?
Why?

1.Write the character sketch of Mr. John
2. Mr John made an attempt to commit suicide. But he was miraculously saved

by the doctor. In his excitement he writes his feeling in his diary. Prepare the
likely diary entry.

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5. The Danger of a Single Story

‘The Danger of a Single Story’ is a speech by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.
She grew up in a University Campus in Eastern Nigeria. She shares her personal
experiences that show us the danger of a single story. In her childhood, she read
American and British books and thought books should have foreigners in them.
So, when she started writing stories at seven, all her characters were white,
blue-eyed, played in the snow and ate apples.

When she was eight, they got a poor house boy, Fide. Once, she visited Fide’s
village. His mother showed her a beautiful basket of dyed raffia made by his
brother. She couldn’t believe that they are skillful because their poverty was her
single story.

When she was 19, she left Nigeria to study in the USA. Her American roommate
was shocked by her fluency in English. She could not believe that they use
Mariah Carey’s songs instead of tribal music. Her roommate had a single story of
Africa.

1. Which books did she read in her childhood?
2. Where did Chimamanda grow up?
3. When did Chimamnda start to write stories?
4. What is the name of Chimamanda’s house boy?
5. What did Fide’s mother show Adichie?
6. Whose songs did Chimamanda play instead of tribal music?
7. ‘A single story’ is an example of Noun Phrase. Find out another example of
Noun Phrase from the passage.

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6. The Scholarship Jacket

‘The Scholarship Jacket’ is a story of a Mexican girl, named Martha. She was
studying in Texas school. Texas school had a tradition of awarding scholarship
jacket to a student who maintained highest grade in every class.

The scholarship jacket was a beautiful gold and green jacket. Martha's great
ambition was to get the award. So she studied well and maintained highest grade
in every class. Her sister Rosie had won the award a few years ago.

One day while she was coming back to her class to take PE shorts, she happened
to overhear an argument between her teachers. Her Maths teacher compelled her
History teacher to falsify the record of Martha. He wanted to give the award to
Joan, as her father was a member of the Board and had a store in the town.
Martha became sad.

Next day, the principal informed her that the Board has decided to charge fifteen
dollars for the scholarship jacket. If she was unable to pay, the jacket would be
given to the next one. On the way to home, she wept a lot.

She was under the care of her grandfather, who was a farmer. He told her that he
was not ready to pay for it. If he paid it wouldn't be the scholarship jacket.
Next day she informed the principal that her grandfather was not ready to pay for
the scholarship jacket as it was a meritorious one. Hearing the words, the
principal realized his mistake. He assured her that she would get the scholarship
jacket which she rightly deserved.

1. Where was Martha studying?
2. What was the tradition of Texas school?
3. What are the features of the scholarship Jacket?
4. What was Martha's ambition?
5. What did she do to get the scholarship jacket?
6. What did she overhear?
7. Why did her Maths teacher argue to give the award to Joan?
8. What did the principal inform her?
9. How many dollars did the principal ask her to pay for the scholarship jacket?
10. Why was her grandfather not ready to pay for the scholarship jacket?

Discources
1. Narrate the story, ‘The Scholarship Jacket.’
2 Character sketch of Martha's grandfather

3. Martha writes a diary after her meeting with the Principal and talking with
grandfather for money . Write the likely diary entry.

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7. Vanka

Vanka Zhukov was a nine year old boy. He was apprenticing under a shoemaker,
named Alyakhin. He had lost his father. He had only grandfather who was a night
watchman. So he sent Vanka to the shoemaker to learn a craft.
One day when his master and mistress had gone to church, Vanka wrote a letter
to his grandfather. In his letter, he wrote about all his miseries.

Alyakhin was a cruel master. He used to punish Vanka for silly reasons. Once he
slept, while rocking their baby at night, the master pulled his hair, dragged him
to the yard and beat him severely. Another day, when his mistress asked him to
gut a herring, he began from the tail. Seeing this, the mistress became angry
and rubbed the fish on his face.

His senior apprentices also made fun of him. They compelled him to steal
master’s cucumber, and sent him to buy vodka. Seeing this, the master beat him
badly. He could not get enough food and he was forced to sleep in the passage. It
was his duty to look after the baby at night. In short, his life was miserable than
a dog. So, he requested his grandfather to take him away from the hellish place.

1. How old was Vanka?
2. To whom was he apprenticed to?
3. Who was Alyakhin?
4. What was his grandfather?
5. Why was Vanka sent to Alyakhin ?
6. Find out a word from the passage that means ‘to learn a craft.’
7. How did his master punish him?
8. Why did his mistress ill treat him?
9. How did the senior apprentices behave towards Vanka?
10. Find out a phrasal verb from the passage which means ‘to take care of
someone.’
Discources
11. Briefly describe the sufferings that Vanka faced in the house of his master.

Ans: Vanka Zhukov was a nine year old boy. He was apprenticing under a
shoemaker, named Alyakhin. Alyakhin was a cruel master. He used to punish
Vanka for silly reasons. ....................................... .................to take him
away from the hellish place.

12. After reading Vanka’s letter, grandfather writes a letter to Vanka consoling
him. Prepare the likely letter.

13. Prepare the character sketch of Vanka.

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8. The Castaway

‘The Castaway’ is a short story by Rabindranath Tagore. Main characters of this
story are Sharat, his wife Kiran, Sharat’s mother and his brother Satish. Later, 14
year old Nilkanta, an orphan boy who escaped from a sinking boat also joined
them. Kiran liked him very much and gave him good food and gifts. Before long,
Nilkanta developed close friendship with a group of naughty boys. The boy made
Kiran happy with his theatrical performances. Kiran tried to teach him reading
and writing but he was not interested in it.

Things took a different turn when Sharat’s younger brother, Satish came to spend
his vacation with them. Nilkanta felt neglected by Kiran. He thought Satish
played some tricks on Kiran to make her angry with him. So, he wanted to take
revenge on Satish. He removed the soap when Satish was taking bath and threw
his clothes in the air. Satish had brought an ornamental inkstand from Calcutta
and one day he missed it. Satish thought it was Nilkanta who had stolen it and
beat him badly. Kiran felt sorry for poor Nilkanta and decided to give him a
surprise gift. When she opened Nilkanta’s box to place her gift, she found out the
missing inkstand there. Nilkanta was standing behind her and left the room
without Kiran noticing him. The next day Nilkanta was nowhere to be found.
Kiran took the inkstand from the box and threw it in the river to save Nilkanta’s
image.

1. Who is the author of ‘The Castaway’?
2. How old is Nilkanta?
3. How did Nilkanta make Kiran happy?
4. Why did Nilkanta take revenge on Satish?
5. From where did Satish buy the inkstand?
6. Where did Kiran find out the missing inkstand?
7. Why did Kiran throw the inkstand in the river?
8. What did Kiran try to teach Nilkanta?
9. When did Nilkanta feel neglected by Kiran?
10. Pick out the sentence from the passage that conveys, Nilkanta’s parents are
no more.

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The Lines Written in Early Spring
Stanza 1 &2.
‘Lines written in Early Spring’ is a beautiful nature poem written by William
Wordsworth. This poem is about the relation between man and nature.

The poet sits in a grove on a spring morning. He enjoys the pleasant
sounds of nature. In that relaxed mood some sad thoughts came to his mind.
The cruelties towards man and nature makes him sad.
The theme, the lyrical beauty and the use of poetic devices make the poem
beautiful.

Personification - ‘To her fair work did nature link’.
Hyperbole - ‘Thousand blended notes’.
Alliteration - ‘What man has made of man’.

The poem is rich in poetic images like,
Visual image – Grove, primrose, periwinkle, birds, flower etc.
Auditory image - ‘Thousand blended notes’.

The poem follows the rhyme scheme abab.
Read the passage given above and answer the questions that follow:
1. Where does the poet sit?
2. What is he doing there?
3. What makes the poet sad?
4. What does the expression ‘To her fair works did Nature link’ mean?
Stanza 3 to 6.
The poet tells us that periwinkle grew over the bunches of primroses in a
pleasant shady place. He believes that every flower enjoys the air it breathes.
The birds around the poet hopped and played. He cannot fully understand their
thoughts. Even their smallest movements seemed to contain a thrill of pleasure.

The budding twigs spread out their tender leaves to catch the breezy air.
The poet thinks that there was pleasure there too. The poet see natural joy in
everything around him. He believes that it might be sent from heaven. The joy in
nature is Nature’s holy plan. So, the poet has no reason to feel sad on what man
has made of man.

Personification - ‘Nature’s holy plan’, ‘Every flower enjoys the air it
breathes’.
Alliteration - What man has made of man, That there was pleasure
there.

Visual images – Primrose, green bower, budding twigs, birds hopped
and played etc.

12

Read the passage given above and answer the questions that follow:

1. Which flowers did the poet see in the bower?
2. What did the birds do around the poet while he sat reclined?
3. What did the budding twigs do?
4. Why did the budding twigs spread out their leaves?
5. What made the poet think that there was pleasure there?
6. Give examples for personification.
7. Given an instance for visual image.
8. Read the following lines from ‘Lines written in Early Spring’ and write a note of
appreciation focusing on the theme, imagery and other poetic devices.

BLOWIN’ IN THE WIND

‘Blowin’ in the Wind’ is a song written by Bob Dylan. The poem is in the form of
rhetorical questions about peace, war and freedom.
Here, ‘road’ stands for life experience. He says that a man needs a lot of life
experiences to become a man. The ‘white dove’ is a symbol of peace. The poet asks
how many wars will be fought before achieving peace. The image ‘cannon balls’
suggest war. He believes that the answer is everywhere, however, no one tries to find
it out.
The poet says that injustice is a mountain. It can be washed out to the sea only if
the oppressed stand united. The poet is against war, injustice, inequalities and social
discrimination and indifferent attitude of people in the society.
Refrain - ‘The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind, the answer is blowin’ in
the wind.’
Alliteration - ‘How many roads must a man’.
Auditory image -’Before he can hear people cry.’
Visual images – white dove, mountain, cannon balls, sea etc.

1. What does the word ‘road’ refers to here?
2. Why does the poet says that ‘the answer is blowin’ in the wind?’
3. The ‘mountain ‘stands for ________________.
4. Pick out instances of alliteration from the given stanza.

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THE BALLAD OF FATHER GILLIGAN

The poem ‘The Ballad of Father Gilligan’,is written by W.B Yeats. It deals with the
theme of limitless love and mercy of God.
An epidemic spread in the Parish. Father Gilligan was very tired because he
served his people day and night. One evening, while he was sitting on his chair, a
person came for his priestly help. The priest complained that he had no rest, no joy nor
peace. Immediately, he felt sad on his words and begged God for forgiveness. He slept
on his chair. The night passed. The following morning, he rode to the sick man’s house.
The sick man’s wife was surprised to see him again. She informed him that her
husband died soon after he left, as merry as a bird. The priest understood that God had
sent an angel to do his duties. He knelt down in gratitude.
Poetic devices:
Visual images - Green sods, rocky lane, priest, chair, stars etc.
Auditory images - Leaves shook in the wind, Mavrone, mavrone, sparrows chirp
etc.
Alliteration - ‘Priest Peter Gilligan’, ‘no rest, no joy, nor peace,’ etc
Simile - ‘He turned and died as merry as a bird.’
Rhyme scheme - abcb

1. Why was Father Gilligan weary?
2. Why did he seek forgiveness from God?
3. Pick out an instance of alliteration from the poem.
4. Why does the poet have no rest, no joy nor peace?
5. What happened to the people of his parish?
6. When did he ride to the sick man’s house?

Poetry

Pablo Neruda is a well known Chilean poet. In his poem, ‘Poetry,’ he tells
how he got the poetic inspiration. He says ‘Poetry arrived in search of him.’ He
does not know from where it came from, when and how. He says that it came
from winter or river. Here, winter stands for lifeless things whereas river stands
for flow of life.
He says that, at first, ‘he was without a face,’ which means that he was not

famous. ‘His eyes were blind’ means he could not see the beauty of the world
around him. After the arrival of poetry, his imagination had no boundaries. He
flew along with stars.

14

The poem is written in free verse and rich with beautiful images such as rivers,
wings etc. Examples of alliterations are something started in my soul, palpitating
plantations etc. ‘The poetry arrived in search of me’ is an example of
personification.

Answer the following questions:

1. What does ‘river’ indicate?
2. Find out an example of personification.
3. Find out an example of alliteration.
4. The poet was unaware of the arrival of poetry. Which line says so?
5. Where does the poetry come from?
6. ‘I was without a face.’ What does it mean?
7. Write an appreciation of the poem, ‘Poetry’.

* ‘forgotten wings’ — forgotten talent
*’deciphering that fire’ – identifying the poetic talent
* ‘palpitating plantation’ - enchanting nature

MOTHER TO SON
‘Mother to Son’ is a dramatic monologue written by Langston Hughes.
Mother is the speaker in the poem. Son is the listener. Mother tells her son that
life is not a crystal stair. It is hard and not smooth. Her life was full of tacks and
splinters. In this poem, life is compared to a stair. Life is not easy for the mother
because it is full of sufferings, hardships and miseries. For her, life is bare –
poverty.
Even though life is so challenging, she never gives up. All the time she had
been climbing on. She advises her son how to face the challenges and difficulties
in life. She tells her son not to set down, not to turn back and not to fall. The
poem ends with the message of never give up and to fight for our goals in life.

Visual images - crystal stair, carpet, tacks and splinters etc.
Metaphor - ‘Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair.’

Answer the following questions.

1. Who is the speaker in the poem?
2. What does the speaker compare her life to?
3. What is the mother’s advice to her son?
4. What does the expression ‘crystal stair’ means?

5. The word ‘bare’ here means __________.
6. What was the speaker’s life full of?

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2. Discourses

Character sketch

1. Character sketch of Vanka.

Vanka Zhukov was a nine year old boy. He was apprenticing under a
shoemaker, named Alyakhin. He had lost his father and mother He had only
grandfather who was a night watchman. He sent Vanka to the shoemaker to
learn a craft. He loves his grandfather very much. His master, Alyakhin was cruel.
He is ill treated by his master and his mistress. He used to punish Vanka for silly
reasons. He could not get proper food and place to sleep. The senior apprentices
also made fun of him and were cruel to Vanka. They used to send him to buy
vodka and force him to steal his master’s cucumbers. He led a miserable life in
the house his master. So he wrote a letter to his grandfather to save him from
the hellish place

2. Character sketch of Homeopath.

Homeopath in the story, ‘The Snake and the Mirror’ is a humorous person.
He is a young and a bachelor doctor. He lived in a small rented room which was
not electrified. He had only 60 rupees, some shirts, dhotis, one black coat. He
humorously says that his room was full of rats.
He was an admirer of beauty. He decided to look more handsome by shaving
daily, growing a thin moustache and keeping an attractive smile. He wanted to
marry a doctor who had plenty of money and having good medical practice. She
should be a fat lady so that she should not catch him whenever he made any
mistake. But actually he married a thin lady with the gift of a spinster. He
humorously describes the shocking experience he had with a cobra.

3.Character sketch of Aunt Jane.
Aunt Jane is one of the main characters in the one-act play, ‘The Never
Never Nest.’ Her words and deeds make the play humorous. She does not like the
policy of buy now, pay later policy. Cash down is her motto. She dislikes owing a
penny to others. She is a straight forward and practical minded lady. She is a

kind and generous. She loves Jack and Jill very much. She visits their new house.

16

They have a luxurious house with furniture, radio, refrigerator, piano, car etc.
They bought everything in instalment scheme. She is against instalment system.
She tells Jack and Jill about the negative impact of instalment scheme. She gave
them a cheque to clear at least one of the bills.

4.Character sketch of Mr John.

Mr John is an important character in the story, ‘The Best Investment I Ever
Made’.He is a social worker. He is a solicitor by profession and director of a
charitable organisation. He saved life boys and girls who are victims of bad living
conditions. He visited settlement houses to study the cases of backward,
maladjusted children. He gave them training in useful handicrafts and sent them
back to the society to lead a better life.
He is in his early 40s. He is short in build,fair complexion and clear blue eyes. He
looks serious and reserved in his dark suit, sober tie and rimless spectacles.
After the death of his parents, he was working in a solicitor’s office and fell
in the company of bad friends. He started betting on horses and lost all his
savings. He stole seven pounds and ten shillings from the office safe for his final
gambling and lost that too. Finally he tried to commit suicide. The
landlady ,sergeant, and the doctor, helped him to start a new life.

5.Character sketch of Matha’s Grandfather

Matha’s grandfather was a farmer who had a strong influence on Martha’s
life. He was hard working, caring, loving and a practical minded man. Martha
belonged to a Mexican Family. Her parents were very poor so she was under the
care of grand father.
When the school board decided to to change the policy regarding the
scholarship jacket and to pay fifteen dollars. Even though she studied well and
maintained highest grade in every class, and she would not get the scholarship
jacket. The grand father disagreed with the policy. He said if she paid, it would

not be a scholarship jacket. This decision led the principal to change the policy
and gave the scholarship jacket to Martha.

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Diary writing
1.The boy in the story ‘The Banyan Tree’ got a new friend - a small, grey squirrel.
What would he write in his diary on that day.

(Date)
(Day)
(Time)

Oh! what a thrilling day.
I got a new friend- a small grey squirrel. As usual I was sitting on the platform of the
banyan tree. A small, grey squirrel came to me. At first it was afraid to come near me.
Later it understood that I was not harmful. I gave it some sweets. And it it took it from
my hands. Sometimes it was delving into my pocket. I'm very happy about it.
Thank God for giving me such a nice friend.

2.The narrator (AJ Cronin) didn't realise that a small help could change the life of a
person. After meeting Mr John again, he writes his feelings in his diary. Write the
likely diary entry.

15 March 2023
Sunday
10 pm
What an unforgettable day! I met Mr John and his wife on the ship.
I had helped him twenty five years ago when he made an attempt to commit
suicide.
He was then working in a solicitor’s office and fell in the company of bad
friends. He started betting on horses and lost all his savings. He stole seven
pounds and ten shillings from the office safe for his final gambling and lost that
too. Finally he tried to commit suicide. After great effort, I saved him from
death.The landlady ,sergeant, and me, helped him to start a new life. I gave him
the amount to put back the office safe. That small help changed his life .
He is now a solicitor and director of a Charitable Organisations. He helps the

backward and maladjusted young boys and girls from the city slums. I am so
happy and thankful to God for showing him the right path

18

3.After being saved from death , Mr. John writes his feelings in his diary. Write

the likely diary entry.

15 November 2022

Friday

Today is an unforgettable day. I was so sad after losing all my money. After the

death of my parents, I was working in a solicitor’s office and fell in the company

of bad friends. I started betting on horses and lost all my savings. I stole seven

pounds and ten shillings from the office safe for my final gambling and lost that

too. Finally I tried to commit suicide. The landlady ,sergeant, and the doctor,

helped me to start a new life.

4.Martha writes a diary after her meeting with the Principal and talking with

grandfather for money . Write the likely diary entry.

12 April 2022

Friday

10pm

(Today is an unforgettable day/ ) I am so sad today. Principal told me that I

should bring fifteen dollars to get the scholarship jacket. But grandfather refused

to give the money. He says that if I pay money then it cannot be scholarship

jacket. I don't know what to do . I think I will not get the award.

19

LETTER WRITING

1. The boy was thrilled to see the fight between the mongoose and the cobra. He
writes a letter to his friend describing about it. Prepare the likely letter.
Dear Roshan,
Hope you are fine and doing well. I'm writing this letter to tell
about a wonderful experience I had yesterday. Now I am living with my grandfather.
There is a banyan tree in our garden.
As usual I was sitting on the platform and was enjoying the scenes of
nature. Suddenly a huge cobra came out from the bushes. At the same time a
mongoose also appeared on the scene. I saw a deadly fight between the
mongoose and the cobra.
There came two other spectators - a myna and a jungle crow. They were
also trying to attack the snake. The crow was killed by the snake. At the end of
the fight, the mongoose killed the snake and dragged it into the bushes.
Hope to see you soon.

With love,
(Name)

2. The Homeopath writes a letter to his friend about the shocking experience with
the snake. Draft the likely letter.

Dear Sunny,
Hope you are fine and doing well. I'm writing this letter to tell about a terrible
experience I had last night.

I was sitting on a chair and looking at the mirror on the table. Suddenly I heard a
sound of something falling. At first I did not pay much attention as it was the
usual sound made by rats. As soon as I turned back, a snake, a full blooded
cobra landed on my shoulder and coiled around my left arm. It’s hood was spread
out. Deep in fear, I sat like a statue and prayed to God. Meanwhile, the snake

saw its reflection and moved towards the mirror as if it was enjoying it’s beauty. I

20

slowly went out and ran towards my friend’s house. The next day, I came back
with my friends but couldn’t find the snake.
But the funny thing is that all my belongings except the dirty vest were stolen.
Hope to see you soon.

With love,
(Name).

3. Imagine that Satyajit Ray writes a letter to one of his friends about his
hardships and risks involved in the shooting of his film ‘Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne’.
Prepare the likely letter.

Western Manor,
Kolkata
10th June, 1980

Dear Devadutt,
How are you? I hope this week has been good for you. I write
this letter to tell you about my experience of shooting the film, ‘Goopy Gyne
Bagha Byne,’ with a tiger in it.
I was really wondering about how to shoot the tiger scene. Luckily, I found a
suitable bamboo grove in a small village called Notun Gram. Next, I went to meet
the Bharat Circus Manager to get the tiger. He introduced me to their ring master,
Mr Thorat.

Mr Thorat then arrived at the location with two well-fed tigers. I used a special
tiger skin collar for the tiger and tied it to an iron rod. At first, the tiger really
troubled us as it was jumping and rolling about. Then it became calm and shots
were taken, but shots were not clear. I found another bamboo grove at Boral.
Everything was the same as in Notun Gram. Here the villagers stood as close to

the camera as they could. When the cage was opened, the tiger charged at the
villagers and they all ran away. Then it was so easy to shoot.

21

You please watch the film, enjoy the scenes in it and write your opinion in your
next letter.
See you soon.
With love,
Sd/-
Satyajith Ray.

4. The management of Texas School decides to change the policy regarding the
Scholarship Jacket. The Principal feels uncomfortable and unhappy about this
change. He expresses his resentment in a letter to the management. Write the
likely letter.

From
The Principal,
Texas School,
America.
12 April, 2023

To
The Manager,
Texas School,
America.

Sir,
sub: Scholarship jacket, policy change reg:-

I write this letter to bring your attention to an urgent matter, regarding
Scholarship Jacket. I think the new policy taken by the school management is not
a fair one.

So far, the Scholarship Jacket has been free of cost. Now, the new policy
demands 15 dollars from students. It is unjustifiable and unreasonable. I believe
scholarship should be awarded on the merits of children. I strongly disagree to
the new policy.

I hope you reconsider the matter and take a decision in favour of
deserving students.

Thanking You,
Sd/-

(Name)

22

NOTICE

1. The Nature Club of your school has decided to conduct a seminar on the topic
‘Child Labour.’ Prepare a notice.

NOTICE
XYZ School, Delhi

Seminar on Child Labour.

Dear Teachers and Students,
The Nature club of our school has decided to conduct a seminar on the
topic, ‘Child Labour’ on 6th May, 2022 in school auditorium at 3.30 pm.

Principal will inaugurate the programme. Dr. Rajiv, the social activist, will
present the paper. An interactive session follows.

All are welcome.

Delhi Sd/-
12/5/2022. Secretary,
Nature Club.

Programmes:
Prayer
Welcome speech : Secretary, Nature Club,XYZ School, Delhi
Presidential Address : PTA President
Inauguration : Principal, XYZ School, Delhi
Moderator : Biju Sir
Paper presentation : 1.
2.
Felicitation : Headmaster, XYZ School, Delhi
Vote of thanks : School Leader

23

2. The English Club of your school has decided to stage a play based on the story
'The Scholarship Jacket.’ Draft a notice inviting all teachers and students to
watch the play.

NOTICE

Staging the play ‘The Scholarship Jacket.’
ABC School, Delhi

Dear friends,
The English club of our school has decided to stage a play based on the story,
‘The Scholarship Jacket’ written by Marta Salinas. It tells the story of a young
Mexican American girl who faces an injustice at school. The play will be staged
at 2 pm on 21st March, 2022 in the school auditorium.

All are welcome.

Sd/-
Place : Delhi
Date : 27th March, 2022 Convenor,
English Club

The Film Club of your school has decided to conduct a film festival in which
Satyajit Ray’s famous films will be screened. Prepare a likely notice.

NOTICE

FILM FESTIVAL
ABC School, Hyderabad

Dear friends,
The Film Club of our school has decided to conduct a film festival on
22nd April 2022 from 10 am to 4 pm in the school auditorium. The
famous Film Director, Sri. Adoor Gopalakrishnan will inaugurate the
festival. The films 'Pather Panchali', 'Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne’ and
‘Charulata’ will be screened.

All are welcome
Hyderabad Secretary
10th April, 2022 Sd/
Film Club

24

Profile

Write a short profile of Rabindranath Tagore

Born : 7 May1861 ,Kolkata, Bengal
Father : Debendranath Tagore
Mother : Sarada Devi
Education : University of Culcutta, University College, London.
Famous as : Poet, novelist ,story writer, philosopher, painter
Major Works :Gitanjali, Ghare-Baire, The Golden Boat, Cabuliwala
Award :Nobel Prize for Literature,1913
Death :7 August 1941.

Things To Remember:

1. Heading : Rabindranath Tagore
2.Born: Rabindranath Tagore was born on (date) at (small place) in (big Place)
3.Father : His Father was .........................and his mother was...................
4.Education : He was educated at
(university)........................and ..........................
5. Famous as :He was famous as a poet,..................................................
6.Major works : His major works are ‘Gitanjali’, .........................................
7.Award : He was awarded ............(name of award)............. in (year)
9. Death : He died on ........../or, he passed away on...........................

A profile of Rabindranath Tagore.

Rabindranath Tagore was born on 7th May in 1861 at Kolkata in Bengal. His father
was Debendranath Tagore. His mother was Sarada Devi. He was educated at
University of Culcutta and University College in London. He was a poet, novelist,
story writer, philosopher, and painter. His major works are ‘Gitanjali’, ‘Ghare-
Baire’, ‘The Golden Boat’, and ‘Cabuliwala.’ He was awarded Nobel Prize for
Literature in 1913. He died on 7th August 1941

25

1. Prepare a profile of the famous singer, Bob Dylan using the hints given below:

Real Name : Robert Allen Zimmerman
Born : 24 May 1941, Minnesotta, USA
Famous as : Singer, song writer, artist, writer, active American Civil Rights
Movement
Famous songs :Blowin’ in the Wind (2015), Shadow in the Night, Fallen Angel
(2016), Together Through Life (2009)
Awards : Nobel Prize for Literature (2016), Grammy Award, Golden
Globe Award

2. Prepare a profile of William Butler Yeats using the hints given below:

Born : June 13, 1865
Birth place : Sanymount, Republic of Ireland
Spouse : Georgiana Hyde-Lees
Famous as : Poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature
Major works : Celtic Twilight, The Tower, A Vision, The Winding Stair and
Other Poems

3. Prepare a profile of Langston Hughes using the hints given below:

Full name : James Mercer Langston Hughes
Birth : February 1, 1902, Joplin, Missouri
Education : Columbia University, Lincoln University
Known for : Literary art form called Jazz poetry, Leader of the Harlem
Renaissance
Works : Montage of a Dream Deferred, The Negro Speaks of Rivers,
Let America be America
Awards : Antisfield-Wolf Book Award, Honorary Doctorate of Howard
University
Death : May 22, 1967

4. Prepare a profile of Ruskin Bond using the hints given below:

Born 19 May, 1934
Place of birth : Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh
Education : Bishop Cotton School, Shimla
Notable works : The Room on the Roof, Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra, A Flight
of Pigeons, The Blue Umbrella
Awards : Sahitya Akademi Award, Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, John

Llewellyn Rhys Prize
Present status : Lives with his adopted family in Mussoorie

26

Information Transfer

1.Study the following table and answer the questions given below:

Name of the poem Name of the poet Theme Poetic device
Lines Written in William Living in harmony Rhyme scheme
Early Spring Wordsworth with nature abab
Blowin’ in the Wind Bob Dylan Peace, war and 1. Rhetorical questions
freedom
The Ballad of William Butler God has mercy for 1. Rhyme scheme
Father Gilligan Yeats everyone abcb

2.
Simile
eg: ‘He died as merry
as a bird.’
Poetry Pablo Neruda Poetic imagination 1. Personification,
and creativity eg: ‘Poetry arrived in
search of me.’

2. Alliteration
eg. Something started
in my soul
Mother to Son Langston Hughes Racism 1. Dramatic
monologue
2. Metaphor
eg: ‘Life for me ain’t
been no crystal stair’

1. Identify the rhyme scheme of the poem ‘The Ballad of Father Gilligan.’
2. Who wrote the poem ‘Lines Written in Early Spring?’
3. What is the theme of the poem ‘Mother to Son?’
4. List out the poetic devices used in the poem ‘Poetry.’
5. Which poem discuss the theme of peace, war and freedom?

27

2 Study the following table and answer the questions given below

Name of author Nationality Works Year of
publication
Vaikom Indian The Snake and the Mirror 1954
Muhammed
Basheer
A J Cronin Scottish The Best Investment I Ever 1944
Made

W B Yeats Irish The Ballad of Father Gilligan 1890

William British Lines Written in Early Spring 1798
Wordsworth
Ruskin Bond Indian Adventures in a Banyan Tree 1986

Satyajith Ray Indian Project Tiger 1973

1. Who wrote the story ‘Adventures in a Banyan Tree'?
2. When was the memoir ‘Project Tiger’ published?
3. A J Cronin is a ----------------- author.
4. Name the British author from the table.
5. ‘The Snake and the Mirror’ was written by ---------------.

28

Edit the Following

Things to remember

1. Simple past - (- ed/irregular form) – yesterday, ago, in 2010, last day..
I saw a film yesterday
2. has/have been + ing of the verb – since, for.
I have been studying since 9 o’ clock
3. has/have/had + V3 (pp)
Eg: I have completed the work
4. will/shall +V1 (Base form) tomorrow next day, next week etc
eg: I will come tomorrow
5. Relative pronoun – who, whose, whom, where, which, that etc.
6. To + base form (eg: to go, to play)
6. One of the plural form of the noun.
eg: One of the boys is playing well.
7. Spelling error

1. Mr. Thorat had been worked (a) in the company for many years. He was strong

and look (b) like a Nepali. Ray tells (c) him that he wanted a tiger. He was ready

to providing (d) a trained tiger for shooting the scene.

2. Ali had lost the bag in which he had keep (a) his sisters shoes in the vegetable

shop. He searched the place which (b) he has been keeping it. He puts his

hands in the gap between the boxes. But he didn't found (c) anything. Then he

put his head inside the box and the boxes fell down. The vegetables was (d)

scattered all over the ground.

29

3. Mr Thorats men had fix (a) a five foot iron rod to the ground, about thirty feet

from the area whom (b) the tiger was supposed to walk. They took him a thin,

long wire and fix (c) one end to the collar made of tiger skin that the tiger was

wearing. The other end were (d) tied firmly to the visible portion of the iron rod.

4.Then one Saturday, we go (a) to his village to visiting (b) him and his mother

showed us a patterned beautifully (c) basket of dyed raffia when (d)his brother

had made

5. Satyajit Ray wanted a tiger for a small scene in his knew (a) film ‘Goopy Gyne

Bagha Byne’. He went to Bharat Circus and meet (b) the manager. The manager

that (c) was a South Indian offered him coffee and introduced Satyajit Ray to his

ringmaster, Mr Thorat. He was a very helpful man. He agreed to bringing (d) the

tiger.

Answers:

1. a) had been working b) looked c) told e) to provide

2. a) had kept b) where c) find e)were

3. a) had fixed b) where c) fixed e) was

4. a) went b) visit c) beautifully patterned e) that

5. a) new b) met c) who d) bring

30

Conversation Completion

1. Question tag
Positive sentence = auxiliary +n’t + pronoun
Negative sentence= auxiliary + pronoun
He is playing cricket well,...........? ( isn’t he?)
He is not playing well,................? (is he?)

2. Frame questions - auxiliary +sub+ verb eg: Will you go tomorrow?
Q.W.+Auxiliary+ subject+ verb eg: When will you go?

3. Had better
Had better+ base form of the verb.
Eg: 1. You had better take rest.
2. You had better go now
4. If Clause

i) if + subject + present tense, sub+ will+ verb.

eg: If you study well, you will get A+ in all subjects.

ii) if + subject + past tense, sub+ would+ Verb.

eg: If you studied well, you would get A+ in all subjects.

iii) if + sub + had+ v3, Sub+ would have+ Verb.3

eg: If you had studied well, you would have got A+ in all subjects.

5. Would you mind + ing form of the verb.

eg: Would you mind moving a little?
eg: Would you mind speaking much louder?

31

Complete the conversation suitably:
1. Friend : You look sad,...............(a)....................?
Martha : Yeah, I never thought the board changed it’s policy.
Friend : .......................(b)..............................?
Martha : No. I won’t get the scholarship jacket this year. I have no
money to pay for it
Friend : .......................(c).............................?
Martha ; I think they took such a decision in favour another student
Friend : You had better ..............(d)..................
Martha : No, i can’t pay the amount, they demanded.
Friend : If you ask you grandfather,............(e).....................
Martha :I don't think so.

2. Schmidt : You are getting the scholarship jacket this year,_______(a)___?
Martha : Yes Sir. I am very happy to get it.
Schmidt : ________________(b)____________________?
Martha : Yes. The school board has changed the decision.
Schmidt : That’s good. If you had paid for the jacket __________(c)_______
Martha : My grandpa also said so.
Schmidt : ______________(d)________________.
Martha : Yes, I have informed this news to my grandpa.
Schmidt : You had better ___________(e)__________________.
Martha : Sure, I’ll ask grandpa to come to the award ceremony.

3. Friend : You look frightened, ___________(a)__________________?
Doctor : Yes, I’m.
Friend : _________(b)________________?
Doctor : A snake fell on my shoulder from the roof of my room.
Friend : Oh! _____________(c)__________________.
Doctor : No. It didn’t do anything.
Friend : What?
Doctor : If I had moved a little, __________(d)__________________.

Friend : Then you had better _____________(e)____________________
Doctor : Yeah. I’m thinking of finding a new house.

32

4. Hitchcock : Good Morning. You are a bird trainer,........(a)........?
The Man : Yes, sir. I’m a bird trainer. I saw your notice for birds.
Hitchcock : .......................(b)...............................................?
The Man : I have a lot of trained ravens.
Hitchcock : .......................(c)....................................?
The Man : Yes sir. They are well trained. if they are told to
perch, ...................................(d).............................
Hitchcock :You had better .........(e)...............................
The Man : I'll bring it on next Monday

Conversation Completion Answers:

1. a)don’t you? b) Will you get the scolarship Jacket? c) Why do they take

such a decision? d) you had better ask you grandfather. e) He will pay the

amount.

2. a) aren’t you? b) Has the board changed the decision? c)It would not have

been a scholarship jacket? d) Have you informed this news to his grandfather

e) you had better ask your grand father to come to the award ceremony.

3. a) aren’t you? b) Which birds do you have? c) are they well trained? d) They

will obey. e) you had better bring it on Monday.

33

PHRASAL VERBS.

put on - to wear
put across – to convey go on – to continue
put up with – to tolerate go through – to examine carefully
put off – to postpone make out – understand
put aside – keep away turned down - rejected
call on – to visit a person turn up – arrive unexpectedly
call at – to visit a place come across – meet by chance
call for – demand taken aback – surprised

1. Read the following passage choosing the right phrases from those given in the
box.

1. Before I could _______(a)_________ anything, a strange thing happened. A
dwarf _________(b)__________ from nowhere. He had
________(c)__________ a hairy dog skin. I have never ______(d)________
such a scene in my life.

(put on, turn up, come across, make out, give away)

2. While Doctor Cronin was walking on the deck, he ________(a)________ a
young man. The man wanted to ________(b)________ something to him.
Usually the doctor doesn’t _________(c)________ the ship contacts. So, he
deliberately ________(d)________ the young man.

(put across, turned away, came across, put up with )
................................................................................................

3. Vanka tried his level best to --------(a)-------- the torture his master had
inflicted upon him. But it was unbearable for him. He tried -------(b)------ this to
other apprentices. But they made fun of him. Then he decided to write a letter to
his grandfather hoping he would..........(c)........ the letter and .............(d)........
the troubles Vanka was facing.

(go through, put up with, make out, put across)

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4. The principal---------(a)-------justifying the change in policy in awarding the

scholarship jacket. But Martha was able to ------------(b) ------------- what their

plan was. But she was not ready to --------(c)------the partiality shown by the

board. She knew that their demand for money would be ------(d)-------by her

grandfather.

(make out, turn down, put up with, went on)

........................................................................................

5. The homeopath decided to------(a)----all his duties for the next day and

------------------(b)-------- a new house for rent. Actually, he wasn't able to

-------------(c)-------the experience he had. Feeling sleepy, he set the alarm

before going to bed, because he wanted to ----------------(d)---------early in the

morning.

(look for, get up, put off, get over)

Phrasal verbs answers
1. a) make out b) turn up c) put on d) come across

2. a) came across b) put across c) put up with d) turned away

3. a) put up with b) put across c) go through d) make out

4. a) went on b) make out c) put up with d) turned down

5. a) put off b) look for c) get over d) get up

35

Reported speech
Changes in Pronouns Changes in Adverbs

I - he/she Here - there
me – him/her this - that
myself - himself /herself these - those
we - they now - then
us - them ago - before
today - that day
tomorrow - next day
yesterday - previous day

Changes in Tenses

1. Base/s form - ed / irregular form (1. play plays – played, 2. go/goes – went)

A. The boy :“I play cricket well today.”

The boy said that he played cricket well that day.

B. The boy : I go to school by bus.

The boy said that he went to school by bus

2. -ed / irregular form - had +V3 ( Went – had gone. Saw- had seen)
The boy : I saw a film yesterday.

The boy said that he had seen a film the previous day.

3. is, am, are – was, were
The boy: I am reading a book now.

The boy said that he was reading a book then.

4. has/ have – had
The boy: I have studied well.

The boy said that he had studied well.

5. will - would, shall - should, can -could, may -might
The boy : I shall come tomorrow
The boy said that he should come next day

1. Question form : Question word + Auxiliary+ sub + verb?

36

Report: asked Qw +Sub + Auxiliary + Verb .

Raju to Biju : Where are you going?

Raju asked Biju Where he was going’

2. Yes/ no Question form : Auxiliary+ sub + verb

Report: asked whether+Sub + Auxiliary + Verb .

Raju to Biju : Are you going now?

Raju asked Biju whether he was going then.

Examples from textbook

1. Ray : Where is the tiger?
Thorat : It is in the cage.

a) Ray asked Thorat ______________________________________
b) Thorat replied _________________________________________

2. Vanka : Where are the letters posted?
Butcher : Letters are posted in the red box.

a) Vanka asked the butcher ____________________________
b) Butcher replied that ________________________________

3. Reporter : Where did you get the tiger?
Ray : We got it from Bharat Circus.

a) What did the reporter ask ?
b) What was Ray.s reply?

4. Akbar : Why did you spill these?
Ali : My sister’s shoes have disappeared.

a) What did Akbar ask Ali?
b) What was Ali,s reply?

37

5. Principal : What did your grandfather say?
Martha : He won’t pay the fifteen dollars.

a) What did Principal ask Martha?
b) What was Martha’s reply ?

6. Mr John : Do you remember me,Sir?
Cronin : Who are you?

a) Mr John asked Cronin _________________________.
b) Cronin replied _______________________________

7. Jack : What have you done with the cheque?
Jill : I have already sent it for something.

a) Jack asked ________________________________.
b) Jill replied _________________________________.

8. Jill : What do you think of our little nest?
Aunt Jane : I think it’s wonderful.

a) Jill asked Aunt Jane _____________________________
b)Aunt Jane replied ________________________________.

9. Aunt Jane : How do you propose to pay it back?
Jill : Oh! That’s easy. We just pay it in instalment.

a) Aunt Jane asked Jill _____________________________.
b) Jill replied that _________________________________.

10. Sharat : Did you take my inkstand?
Nilkanta : No, I haven’t taken your inkstand.

a) Sharat asked Nilkanta __________________________.
b) Nilkanta replied _______________________________.

11. Reporter : Did the local people help you?
Ray : No. They didn’t obey the warning.

12. Aunt Jane : How much do you earn in a week?
Jill : We will earn seven pounds and eight and eight pence

38

Answers
1.a) Ray asked Thorat where the tiger was.
b).Thorat replied that it was in the cage.

2 a) Vanka asked the butcher where the letters were posted.
b) Butcher replied that letters were posted in the red box.

3 a). Reporter asked Ray where they had got the tiger.
b). Ray said that they had got that from Bharat Circus.

4 a) Akbar asked Ali why he had spilled those.
b).Ali replied that his sister’s shoes had disappeared.

5 a). Principal asked Martha what her grandfather had said.
b).Martha replied that he wouldn't pay the fifteen dollars.

6 a). Mr John asked Cronin whether he remembered him.
b).Cronin asked who he was.

7 a). Jack asked what she had done with the cheque.
b). Jill replied that she had already sent it for something.

8 a). Jill asked Aunt Jane what she thought of their little nest.
b). Aunt Jane replied that it was wonderful.

9 a). Aunt Jane asked Jill how she proposed to pay that back.
b). Jill replied that they would pay that in instalment.

10 a). Sharat asked Nilkanta whether he had taken his inkstand.
b). Nilkanta replied negatively that he hadn’t taken his inkstand.

11.a). Reporterasked Ray whether the local people had helped him.

b).Ray replied that negatively and said that they hadn’t obey the
warning.

39