Uttarakhand Board Class 12 Sample Paper 2026 Economics

AGLASEM

UBSE
MODEL
Papers
2026

DOWNLOAD

UBSE Sample Question Papers 2026

jksy ua- eqfnzr i`’Bksa dh la[;k % 8
Roll. No. No. of printed pages: 8
112 412 (ABC)
2025-26
vFkZ”kkL=
ECONOMICS
[le; % 3 ?kaVs] [vf/kdre vad % 80]
[Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 80]

funsZ”k% (i) bl iz”u&i= esa nks [k.M ^v^ vkSj ^c^ gSaA nksuksa [k.Mksa ds lHkh 28 iz”u
Directions: vfuok;Z gSaA
Ther are two sections ‘A’ and ‘B’ in this question paper. All 28 questions in
both sections are compulsory.
(ii) iz”uksa gsrq fu/kkZfjr vad muds lEeq[k vafdr gSAa
Marks allotted to the questions are mentioned against them.
(iii) izR;sd iz”u dks /;kuiwoZd if<+;s vkSj leqfpr mRrj nhft;sA
Read each question carefully and answer to the point.
(iv) iz”u la0 1 rFkk 15 cgqfodYih; iz”u gSaA bu iz”uksa ds izR;sd [k.M ds mRrj
esa pkj fodYi fn;s x, gSAa lgh fodYi pqudj viuh mRrjiqfLrdk esa
fyf[k;sA iz”u la0 2 ls 4 rd rFkk 16 ls 18 rd fuf”pr mRrjh; iz”u gSaA
Question no. 1 and 15 are multiple choice questions. Four choices are given in
answer of every part of these questions. Write correct answer in your answer
book. Question no. 2 to 4 and 16 to 18 are definite answer type questions.
(v) iz”u la0 5 ls 8 rd rFkk 19 ls 22 rd izR;sd dk mRrj yxHkx 50 “kCnksa
esa nhft;sA
Question no. 5 to 8 and 19 to 22 are to be answer in about 50 words each.
(vi) iz”u la0 9 ls 11 rd rFkk 23 ls 25 rd izR;sd dk mRrj yxHkx 70 “kCnksa
esa nhft;sA
Question no. 9 to 11 and 23 to 25 are to be answer in about 70 words each.
(vii) iz”u la0 12 ls 14 rd rFkk 26 ls 27 rd izR;sd dk mRrj yxHkx 120
“kCnksa esa nhft;sA
Question no. 12 to 14 and 26 to 27 are to be answer in about 120 words each.
(viii) iz”u la0 28 dsl@lzkrs vk/kkfjr iz”u gS] ftldk mRrj funsZ”kkuqlkj nhft;sA
Questions no. 28 is case/source-based question to be answered as directed
(ix) bl iz”u&i= esa lexz ij dksbZ fodYi ugha gS] rFkkfi dfri; iz”uksa esa
vkarfjd fodYi fn;k x;k gSA ,sls iz”uksa esa dsoy ,d fodYi dk gh mRrj
nhft;sA
There is no overall choice in this question paper, however an internal choice is
provided in few questions. Attempt only one of the given choices in such
questions.

1

[k.M&v(Section-A)
1 ¼d½ fuEufyf[kr nksuksa dFkuksa dks i<+dj lgh fodYi pqfu;s& 1
vfHkdFku (A):,d cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk esa] oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa es laca/k esa D;k vkSj
fdruk mRiknu djuk gS] bl dsanzh; leL;k dk lek/kku dher&;a= ds leUo;
ds ek/;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA
dkj.k (R): dher] vkSlr :i ls] fopkjk/khu oLrq ;k lsok ds fy, lekt ds
ewY;kadu dks n”kkZrh gSA ;fn [kjhnkj fdlh fuf”pr oLrq dh vf/kd ekax djrs gSa
rks ml oLrq dh dher c<+ tkrh gS] tks mRikndksa dks ladsr nsrh gS fd lekt
dks ml oLrq dh vf/kd vko”;drk gSA
A) A vkSj R दोन स य ह, और R, A क सह या या है।
B) A vkSj R दोन स य ह, ले कन R, A क सह या या नह ं है।
C) A स य है, ले कन R अस य है ।
D) A अस य है, ले कन R स य है ।
(a) Read the both given statements and choose correct answer-
Assertion (A): In a market economy, the central problems regarding what and how
much to produce are solved through the coordination of price signals.
Reason (R): The price reflects, on an average, the society's valuation of the good or
service in question. If buyers demand more of a certain good, the price of thatgood
rises signaling to producers that society as a whole, wants more of that good.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.
¼[k½ dkSu&lk dFku lhekar mi;ksfxrk ds ?kVrs fu;e dh lcls vPNh O;k[;k djrk
gS\ 1
A) vf/kd bdkbZ;ksa ds miHkksx ls lhekar mi;ksfxrk esa o`f) gksrh gSA
B) vf/kd bdkbZ;ksa ds miHkksx ls lhekar mi;ksfxrk esa deh gksrh gS] tcfd
vU; oLrq,a fLFkj jgrh gSaA
C) dqy mi;ksfxrk ges”kk ”kwU; jgrh gSA
D) izR;sd bdkbZ ds fy;s lhekar mi;ksfxrk fLFkj jgrh gSA
(b) Which statement best explains the law of diminishing marginal utility?
A) Marginal utility increases as more units are consumed.
B) Marginal utility decreases as more units are consumed, while keeping
other things constant.
C) Total utility is always zero.
D) Marginal utility remains constant for every unit.
¼Xk½ fdlh miHkksDrk ds mnklhurk odz ekufp= esa dkSu&lk ifjn`”; crkrk gS fd nks
oLrq,a iw.kZ&izfrLFkkiu ;ksX; gS&
a 1
A) mnklhurk odz ewy fcUnq dh vksj mUur gksrs gSaA
B) mnklhurk odz ewy fcUnq dh vksj vory gksrs gSaA
C) mnklhurk odz ljy ¼lh/kh½ js[kk gksrs gSA
a
D) mnklhurk odz ,d nwljs dks dkVrs gSaA

(c) Which scenario suggests that two goods in a consumer’s indifference curve mapare
perfect substitutes?
A) Indifference curves are convex to the origin.
B) Indifference curves are concave to the origin.
C) Indifference curves are straight lines.

2

D) Indifference curves intersect each other.
¼?k½ ifjorhZ vuqikr ds fu;e ds ckjs esa dkSu&lk dFku lgh gS\ 1
A) ifjorhZ lk/ku dh vfrfjDr bdkb;ka yxkus ls dqy mRikn ges”kk c<+rk gSA
B) lhekar mRikn igys c<+rk gS] fdUrq lk/ku dh ,d fuf”pr bdkbZ ds ckn
mldh vfrfjDr ek=k ds lkFk de gksus yxrk gSA
C) ifjorhZ lk/ku ds izR;sd Lrj ij lhekar mRikn] vkSlr mRikn ds cjkcj
gksrk gSA
D) lk/ku dh ek=k esa o`f) djus ds lkFk&lkFk lhekar vkSj dqy mRikn nksuksa esa
ges”kk o`f) gksrh gSA
(d) Which statement is correct regarding the law of variable proportions?
A) Total product always increases at an increasing rate when more units of
variable input are used.
B) Marginal product may increase at first, but eventually decreases as more of a
variable input is employed with a fixed input.
C) Average product is always equal to marginal product at all input levels.
D) Marginal product and total product both keep rising with input.
¼MÛ½ cktkj larqyu dh fLFkfr esa gksrk gS& 1
A) tc iwfrZ] ekax ls vf/kd gksrh gSA
B) tc miHkksDrk] fodzrs k }kjk ekaxs x;s ewY; ls vf/kd Hkqxrku djrs gSAa
C) tc iwfrZ] ekax ds cjkcj gksrh gS] ftlls larqyu dher r; gksrh gSA
D) tc mRiknd dher r; djrs gSA a
(e) Market equilibrium exists -
A) When supply remains higher than demand.
B) When consumers pay higher prices than seller offer.
C) When the quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal, resulting in an
equilibrium price.
D) When only the producers determine the market prices.
2 nqyZHk lk/kuksa ds vkoaVu vkSj vafre oLrqvksa ds forj.k dh leL;k dk v/;;u vFkZ”kkL= 1
dh fdu nks “kk[kkvksa ds vUrxZr fd;k tkrk gS\
The problems of allocating scarce resources and distributing the final mix of goods are the
central problems of any economy. These two central problems are studied under which
two broad branches of economics?
3 ,dfn’V vf/keku ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\ 1
What is meant by monotonic preferences?
4 mRiknu fl)kar ¼Qyu½ esa leksRikn odz dk D;k vFkZ gS\ 1
State the meaning of “Isoquant curve” in production function.
5 mRiknu laHkkouk lsV vkSj mRiknu laHkkouk QzafV;j ¼odz½ ds chp eq[; varj D;k gS\ 2
What is main difference between production possibility set and production possibility
frontier(curve)?
6 lk/ku ds izfrQy dks ifjHkkf’kr dhft;s vkSj lk/ku ds c<+rs gq, rFkk ?kVrs gq, izfrQy 2
ds chp varj crkb;sA
Define “return to a factor” and distinguish between increasing and decreasing return to a
factor.
7 mRiknu c<+us ij fdlh QeZ dh vkSlr fLFkj ykxr D;ksa ?kVrh gS\ ykxr izcU/ku esa 2
bldk egRo egRo crkb;sA

Why does a firm’s average fixed cost curve decline as output increases. Evaluate its
significance in cost management.
8 iw.kZ izfrLi/khZ cktkj esa fdlh oLrq ij vf/kdre fu/kkZfjr dher (Price ceiling) yxkus 2
dk D;k izHkko gksrk gS\
Explain the effect of imposing a price ceiling on a good in a perfectly competitive market.

3

9 oLrqvksa dh dher fLFkj jgrs gq, ;fn miHkksDrk dh vk; c<+ tkrh gS rks mlds ctV 3
lsV ij D;k izHkko gksrk gS\
Explain the effect of imposing a price ceiling on a good in a perfectly competitive market.
10 ,d mnkgj.k cukb;s fd nks oLrqvksa esa ls fdlh ,d oLrq dh dher esa cnyko ls 3
miHkksDrk miHkksDrk ds b’Vre p;u ij D;k izHkko gksrk gS\
Create an example showing the effect of a price change in one good on the consumer’s
optimum choice between two goods.
11 ,d mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb;s fd lhekar mRikn vkSj vkSlr mRikn dSls Kkr fd;s tkrs 3
gSa vkSj budk laca/k xzkQ ds :i esa dSls fn[kk;k tkrk gS\
Explain with an example how marginal product and average product are calculated and
how their relationship is shown graphically.
12 ekax odz lkekU;r% uhps dh vksj >qdk gksrk gSA izfrLFkkiu izHkko vkSj vk; izHkko dk 5
mYys[k djrs gq, bldk fo”ys’k.k dhft;sA
Analyse why the demand curve is generally downward sloping. Use substitution and
income effects in your explanation.
OR
fdlh oLrq dh dher yksp dks izHkkfor djus okys eq[; dkjdksa dk fo”ys’k.k dhft,A
le>kb;s fd fodYiksa dh miyC/krk vkSj oLrq dh izd`fr¼LoHkko½ fdl izdkj oLrq dh
ekax dh yksp dks fu/kkZfjr djrs gSa\ mnkgj.k nsrs gq, crkb, fd ;s dkjd] dher
cnyus ij miHkksDrkvksa dh izfrfdz;k dks dSls cnyrs gSa\
"Examine the factors that influence the price elasticity of demand for a product. Discuss
how the availability of substitutes and the nature of the product (necessity or luxury) affect
whether demand is elastic or inelastic. Use examples to show how these factors can
change the way consumers respond to price changes."
13 vYidkyhu ykxr odzksa ¼ vkSlr fLFkj ykxr] vkSlr ifjorhZ ykxr] vkSlr dqy ykxr 5
vkSj lhekar ykxr½ ds vkdkjksa dk o.kZu dhft;sA bu odzkas dk fo”ks’k vkdkj D;ksa gksrk
gS\ mRiknu vkSj ykxr dh vo/kkj.kkvksa ls Li’V dhft;sA
Discuss the typical shapes of short run cost curves (average fixed cost, average variable
cost, average total cost, marginal cost). Why do these curves have their characteristic
shapes? Clarify using the concepts of production and cost.
14 Lora= izo”s k vkSj cfgxZeu okys iw.kZ izfrLi/khZ cktku esa laryq u dher vkSj ek=k dSls 5
fu/kkZfjr gksrs gSa\ bl izfdz;k dks la{ksi esa le>kb;s vkSj crkb;s fd tc cktkj esa ekax
c<+rh gS rks D;k gksrk gS\
How is the equilibrium price and quantity determined in a perfectly competitive market
with free entry and exit of firms? Explain the process briefly and mention what happens
when market demand increases.
OR
eku yhft;s ljdkj fdlh vko”;d oLrq tSls xsgwWa ds fy;s vf/kdre dher ¼lhfyax
izkbl½ cktkj ds larqyu ewY; ls uhps r; dj nsrh gSA ekax vkSj iwfrZ ds fu;eksa dks
ykxw djrs gq, le>kb;s fd cktkj esa D;k fLFkfr cusxh\ ,slh ewY; lhek ykxw gksus ij
miHkksDrkvksa vkSj fodzrs kvksa dks fdu leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gS\ vius
mRrj esa okLrfod thou dk mnkgj.k Hkh nsaA
"Suppose the government fixes the maximum price (price ceiling) for an essential good
like wheat below its market equilibrium price. Apply the demand and supply analysis to
explain what will happen in the market. What problems might arise for consumers and

sellers when such a price ceiling is imposed? Give real-life examples to support your
answer."

[k.M&c(Section-B)
15 ¼d½ fuEufyf[kr nksuksa dFkuksa dks i<+dj lgh fodYi pqfu;s& 1

4

vfHkdFku (A) :eqnkz fofue; dk ek/;e gS] ftlls vk/kqfud vFkZO;oLFkk esa
ysu&nsu vklku gks tkrk gSA
dkj.k ( R):oLrq fofue; iz.kkyh esa ekaxksa dk nksgjk la;ksx vfuok;Z gksrk gS] ftlls
fofue; dfBu gks tkrk gSA
A) A vkSjR दोन स य ह, और R, A क सह या या है।
B) A vkSjR दोन स य ह, ले कन R, A क सह या या नह ं है।
C) A स य है, ले कन R अस य है ।
D) A अस य है, ले कन R स य है ।
(a) Read the both given statements and choose correct answer-
Assertion (A): Money acts as a medium of exchange, making transactions easier in
a modern economy.
Reason (R): Barter system requires a double coincidence of wants, which makes
exchange difficult.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.
¼[k½ fuEufyf[kr esa fdls jk’V~zh; vk; ds ys[kkadu esa mRiknu dk lk/ku ugha ekuk 1
tkrk gS\
A) Hkwfe
B) Je
C) Eqnzk
D) iwqWth
(b) Which of the following is NOT considered a factor of production in national
income accounting?
A) Land
B) Labour
C) Money
D) Capital
¼x½ vk; fu/kkZj.k esa Lok;Rr miHkksx gS& 1
A) miHkksx] tks vk; esa ifjorZu ds lkFk cnyrk gSA
B) miHkksx] tks vk; ds “kwU; gksus ij Hkh fLFkj jgrk gSA
C) miHkksx] tks dqy ekax ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
D) miHkksx] tks C;kt esa ifjorZu ds lkFk cnyrk gSA
(c) Which of the following best describes autonomous consumption as presented in
macroeconomic income determination?
A) Consumption that varies directly with income
B) Consumption that remains constant even when income is zero
C) Consumption that equals aggregate demand
D) Consumption that varies with the interest rate
¼?k½ ;fn lhekar miHkksx izo`fRr 0-8 gS] Lok;Rr miHkksx ₹100 vkSj vk; ₹500 gS rks 1
miHkksx fdruk gksxk\
A) ₹400

B) ₹180
C) ₹500
D) ₹600
(d) If the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.8 and autonomous consumption
is ₹100, what is the total consumption when income is ₹500?

5

A) ₹ 400
B) ₹ 180
C) ₹500
D) ₹600
¼MÛ½ fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk dFku jktdks’kh; ?kkVs vkSj lkoZtfud _.k ds laca/k 1
esa lef’V vFkZ”kkL=h; n`f’Vdks.k ls lokZf/kd mi;qDr gS\
A) jktdks’kh; ?kkVk dsoy vYidkfyd :i ls lkoZtfud _.k esa o`f) djrk
gS] fdUrq nh?kZdkfyd :i ls lkoZtfud _.k esa o`f) ugha gksrh gSA
B) jktdks’kh; ?kkVk lh/ks lkoZtfud _.k esa o`f) djrk gS] vkSj nh?kZdky rd
yxkrkj ?kkVs ls LkkoZtfud _.k dk Lrj Åapk gks ldrk gS] ftlls Hkfo’;
dh ihf<+;ksa ij cks>k iM+ ldrk gS] [kkldj ;fn _.k dh jkf”k mRiknd
fuos”k ds fy, mi;ksx ugha dh tkrh gSA
C) ;fn okg~; lzkr s ksa ls foRriksf’kr fd;k x;k gks rks jktdks’kh; ?kkVk ljdkj ds
lkoZtfud _.k esa ;ksxnku ugha djrk gSA
D) jktdks’kh; ?kkVk ges”kk vFkZO;oLFkk esa futh {ks+= ds fuos”k dks c<+krk gSA
(e) Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between fiscal deficit
and public debt is most accurate as per macroeconomic analysis?
A) Fiscal deficit leads only to short-term increases in public debt, but not to
long-term debt accumulation.
B) Fiscal deficit directly increases public debt, and persistent deficits over the
years can result in a higher debt stock, imposing a possible burden on future
generations, especially if borrowed funds are not used for productive
investment.

C) Fiscal deficit does not contribute to the government’s public debt if it is
financed externally.

D) Fiscal deficit always improves the level of private sector investment in the
economy.

16 jk’V~zh; vk; dh x.kuk esa ^nksgjh x.kuk^ D;k gS\ 1
What is ‘double counting’ in the calculation of national income?
17 ^izR;kf”kr fuos”k^ dks ifjHkkf’kr djsaA 1
Define the 'ex ante investment.'
18 ljdkjh ctV fl)kUr ds vuqlkj lkoZtfud oLrqvksa vkSj futh oLrqvksa esa D;k varj gS\ 1
What is the difference between public goods and private goods, according to government
budget theory?
19 foRrh; lekos”ku vkSj Hkkjr esa vkSipkfjd foRrh; O;oLFkk ij foeqnhz dj.k (2016) ds 2
izHkko dk ewY;kadu dhft,A
Evaluate the impact of demonetisation (2016) on financial inclusion and the formal
financial system in India.
20 lexz ekax ij lhekar cpr izo`fRr (MPS)esa gq, ifjorZu dk izHkko le>kb,A 2
Explain how a change in the marginal propensity to save (MPS) affects aggregate demand
in the economy.
21 eku ysa fd ljdkj vYikof/k esa leLr larqyu vk; dks c<+kuk pkgrh gSA ,d uhfrxr 2

mik; lq>kb;s vkSj la{ksi esa crkb;s fd og dhfUl;u vk; fu/kkZj.k <kaps esa dSls dke
djrk gS\
Suppose the government wants to increase overall equilibrium income in the short run.
Propose one policy measure and briefly justify how it works within the Keynesian income
determination framework.

6

22 fons”kh fofue; cktkj esa ewY;o`f) (Appreciation) vkSj iqueZYw ;u (Revaluation)ds chp 2
egRoiw.kZ varj D;k gS\
What is the critical distinction between the Appreciation and Revaluation in the foreign
exchange market?
23 cktkj dher ij ldy ?kjsyw mRikn vkSj dkjd ykxr ij ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds chp 3
varj le>kb;sA
Explain the difference between GDP at market price and GDP at factor cost.
24 Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad (RBI)ds rhu izeq[k dk;Z le>kb;sA 3
Explain any three major functions of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
25 ;fn Lok;Rr Hkqxrku (Autonomous payments ) Lok;Rr izkfIr;ksa (autonomous receipts ) 3
ls vf/kd gks tkrs gSa] rks fdlh ns”k esa Hkqxrku larqyu (BoP) dk ?kkVk dgk tkrk gSA
la{ksi esa fo”ys’k.k dhft;s fd bl lexz ?kkVs dks dSls foRriksf’kr fd;k tkuk pkfg;s]
vkSj bl izfdz;k esa ^lek;kstd ysu&nsu^ (accommodating transactions )dh fof”k’V
Hkwfedk dks ifjHkkf’kr djsaA
A country is said to have a Balance of Payments (BoP) deficit if autonomous payments
exceed autonomous receipts. Briefly analyse how this overall deficit must be financed,
and define the specific role of 'accommodating transactions' in this process.
26 ldy ?kjsyw mRikn fdlh ns”k ds vkfFkZd dY;k.k dk vPNk ekin.M gS vFkok ugha\ 5
bldk ewY;kadu dhft;sA bldh nks lhek;sa Hkh fyf[k;sA
Evaluate whether GDP is a good measure of the economic welfare of a country. Mention
any two limitations.
OR
okLrfod thMhih ¼Real GDP½ vkSj ekSfnzd thMhih ¼Nominal GDP½ esa D;k varj gS\ tc
ge ns”k dh vkfFkZd mRikndrk dks fofHkUUk o’kksaZ esa rqyuk djrs gSa rks okLrfod thMhih
dk mi;ksx djuk D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gS\ ,d mnkgj.k nsdj le>k,a fd dherksa esa cnyko]
rqyuk dks dSls izHkkfor dj ldrk gS\
"Explain the difference between real GDP and nominal GDP. Why is it important to use
real GDP instead of nominal GDP when comparing the economic output of a country over
different years? Use an example to show how changes in prices can affect the
comparison."
27 eku yhft;s fd ljdkj lM+das vkSj Ldwy cukus ij vf/kd iSlk [kpZ djus dk fu.kZ; 5
ysrh gSA;g vfrfjDr [kpZ ns”k dh dqy vk; vkSj ukSdfj;ksa dks dSls c<+kus esa enn djrk
gS\
Suppose the government decides to spend more money on building roads and schools.
How does this extra spending help increase the total income and jobs in the country?
OR
eku yhft;s fd dsUnzh; cSd a fuo”k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, vFkZO;oLFkk esa C;kt njsa de
dj nsrk gSA blh vk; fu/kkZj.k <kaps dk iz;ksx djrs gq, fo”ys’k.k dhft, fd bl uhfr
dk jk’V~hz ; vk; vkSj jkstxkj ij D;k izHkko gks ldrk gS\
Suppose the central bank lowers the interest rates in the economy to boost investment.
Analyse how this policy could affect national income and employment, using the income
determination framework.
28 fuEufyf[kr dsl dks /;kuiwoZd if<+;s vkSj fn;s x;s iz”uksa dk mRrj fyf[k;s&
gky gh ds ctV esa ljdkj us cqfu;knh <kaps ij vius O;; dks c<+k fn;k] tcfd
vkuqikfrd vk;dj is”k fd;k vkSj VªkalQj Hkqxrku ds Lrj dks cuk;s j[kukA lhekar

miHkksx izo`fRr 0-75 vuqekfur dh x;h Fkh tcfd u;k vkuqikfrd dj dh nj 20
izfr”kr fu/kkZfjr dj nh x;h FkhA uhfr fuekZrkvksa dks bu ifjorZuksa ds lexz larqyu
vk; vkSj jktdks’kh; fLFkjrk ij izHkkoksa dks le>us esa :fp FkhA
In a recent budget, the government increased its expenditure on infrastructure while
introducing a new proportional income tax and maintaining the level of transfer payments.

7

The marginal propensity to consume was estimated at 0.75, while the new proportional tax
rate was set at 20%. Policymakers were interested in understanding the implications of
these changes for overall equilibrium income and fiscal stability.
(i) dsl esa lhekar miHkksx izof` Rr dk eku fdruk gS\ 1
What was the value of the marginal propensity to consume stated in the case?
(ii) u;k vkuqikfrd vk;dj fdl nj ij fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS\ 1
What rate was the new proportional income tax set at?
(iii) D;k ljdkj us VªkalQj Hkqxrku ds Lrj esa dksbZ cnyko fd;k x;k\ 1
Did the government change the level of transfer payments in the case study?
(iv) yai&le djk/kku dh rqyuk esa vkuqikfrd dj ykxw djus ls lexz xq.kd ij D;k 2
izHkko gksrk gS\
What effect does implementing a proportional tax have on the overall multiplier
compared to a scenario of lump-sum taxation?

8

jksy ua- eqfnzr i`"Bksa dh la[;k % 7
Roll No. No. of printed pages : 7
112 412 (IIH)
vkn'kZ ç'u i=
2025&26
vFkZ'kkL=
ECONOMICS
le; % 3 ?k.Vs] [iw.kkZad % 80
Time : 3 Hours] [ Max. Marks : 80
funsZ'k % ¼i½ bl ç'u&i= esa nks [k.M ^v* rFkk ^c* gSaA nksuksa [k.Mksa ds lHkh 28 ç'u vfuok;Z gSaA

Direction : There are two sections 'A' and 'B' in this question paper. All 28 questions of both sections are
compulsory.

¼ii½ ç'uksa gsrq fu/kkZfjr vad muds lEeq[k vafdr gSaA
Marks alloted to the questions are mentioned against them.

¼iii½ çR;sd ç'u dks /;kuiwoZd if<+;s rFkk leqfpr mÙkj nhft,A
Read each question carefully and answer to the point.

¼iv½ ç'u la[;k 1 rFkk 15 cgqfodYih; ç'u gSaA bu ç'uksa ds çR;sd [k.M ds mÙkj esa pkj fodYi fn;s x,
gSaA lgh fodYi viuh mÙkjiqfLrdk esa fyf[k,A ç'u la[;k 2 ls 4 rFkk 16 ls 18 rd fuf'pr mÙkjh;
ç'u gSAa
Questions No. 1 and 15 are multiple choice questions. Four options are given in answer of each part
of these questions. Write correct option in your answer book. Question No. 2 to 4 and 16 to 18 are
definite answer type questions.

¼v½ ç'u la[;k 5 ls 8 rFkk 19 ls 22 rd çR;sd dk mÙkj yxHkx 50 'kCnksa esa nhft,A
Question No. 5 to 8 and 19 to 22 are to be answered in about 50 words each.

¼vi½ ç'u la[;k 9 ls 11 rFkk 23 ls 25 rd çR;sd dk mÙkj yxHkx 70 'kCnksa esa nhft,A

Question No. 9 to 11 and 23 to 25 are to be answered in about 70 words each.

¼vii½ ç'u la[;k 13 ls 14 rFkk 26 ls 27 rd çR;sd dk mÙkj yxHkx 120 'kCnksa esa nhft,A

Question No. 12 to 14 and 26 to 27 are to be answered in about 120 words each.

¼viii½ ç'u la[;k 28 dsl@lzkrs vk/kkfjr ç'u gS] ftldk mÙkj funsZ'kkuqlkj nhft,A

Question No. 28 is case/source based question, to be answered as directed.

¼ix½ bl ç'u&i= esa lexz ij dksbZ fodYi ugha gS rFkkfi dfri; ç'uksa esa vkarfjd fodYi çnku fd;k gSA
,sls ç'uksa esa dsoy ,d fodYi dk gh mÙkj nhft,A
There is no overall choice in this question paper, however, an internal choice has been provided in
few questions. Attempt only one of the given choices in such questions.
412 (IIH) [1] [P.T.O

[k.M & v ¼Section-A½
1- ¼d½ fuEufyf[kr nksuksa dFkuksa dks i<+dj lgh fodYi pqfu;s& 1
vfHkdFku ¼A½ % vFkZ'kkL= esa lalk/ku lhfer gksrs gSaA
dkj.k ¼R½ % lhfer lalk/kuksa dk loksZÙke mi;ksx vFkZ'kkL= dk mÌs'; gSA
¼ i½ A rFkk R nksuksa lgh gSa] rFkk R, A dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
¼ii½ A rFkk R nksuksa lgh gSa] rFkk R, A dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
¼iii½ A lgh gS ijUrq R xyr gSA
¼iv½ A xyr gS ijUrq R lgh gSA
Read the both given statements and choose the correct option-
Assertion (A) : Resources are limited in economics.
Reason (R) : Optimal utilization of limited resources is the aim of economics.
(i) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.

¼[k½ miHkksDrk rc larqyu esa gksrk gS tc % 1
¼ i½ lhekar mi;ksfxrk vf/kdre gks
¼ii½ dqy mi;ksfxrk 'kwU; gks
¼iii½ çfr :i, lhekar mi;ksfxrk lHkh oLrqvksa ds fy, leku gks
¼iv½ ekax odz Å/oZxkeh gks
A consumer is in equilibrium when :
(i) Marginal utility is maximum (ii) Total utility becomes zero
(iii) Marginal utility per rupee spent is equal for all goods.
(iv) Demand curve is upward sloping

¼x½ fuEu esa ls dkSu lk dFku ekax ds fu;e dk lgh ewY;kadu çLrqr djrk gS \ 1
¼ i½ dher ?kVus ij ekax ?kVrh gS
¼ii½ dher c<+us ij ekax c<+rh gS
¼iii½ dher vkSj ekax dk O;qRØe laca/k gksrk gS
¼iv½ ekax ij dher dksbZ çHkko ugha iM+rk
Which statement correctly evaluates the Law of Demand?
(i) Demand falls when price fails.
(ii) Demand rises when price rises.
(iii) Price and demand have an inverse relationship
(iv) Price has no effect on demand

¼?k½ fuEu esa dkSu&lk iwfrZ dk fu/kkZjd gS& 1
¼i½ miHkksDrk dh vk;
¼ii½ mRiknu rduhd

¼iii½ miHkksDrk dh ilan
¼iv½ mRikn dh mi;ksfxrk
Which of the following is determinant of supply-
(i) Income of consumer
(ii) Production technology
(iii) Consumer preference
(iv) Utility of product

412 (IIH) [2] [P.T.O

¼³½ iw.kZ çfr;ksfxrk esa QeZ ,d& 1
¼i½ ewY; fuekZrk gksrh gS
¼ii½ ewY; ysus okyh gksrh gS
¼iii½ ,dkf/kdkj j[krh gS
¼iv½ nke Lo;a fu/kkZfjr djrh gS
In perfect competition, a firm is a :
(i) Price maker
(ii) Price taker
(iii) Monopoly holder
(iv) Own price controller

2- vkfFkZd leL;k mRiUu gksus dk ewy dkj.k D;k gS\ 1
What is the basic cause of an economic porblem?

3- miHkksDrk larqyu dk fu/kkZj.k fdl fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr gS\ 1
Consumer's equilibrium is determined on the basis of which principle?

4- iwfrZ fdu nks dkjdksa ds chp laca/k n'kkZrh gS\ 1
Supply shows the relationship between which two factors?

5- ldkjkRed vFkZ'kkL= vkSj ekud vFkZ'kkL= esa varj Li"V dhft,A 2
Differentiate between Positive Economics and Normative Economics.

6- lhekar mRikn dh ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A 2
Define Marginal Product.

7- D;k ?kVrk çfrQy dk fu;e vk/kqfud mRiknu ç.kkyh esa çklafxd gS\ la{ksi esa ewY;kadu dhft,A 2
Is the Law of Diminishing Returns relevant in the modern production system? Evaluate briefly.

8- iw.kZ çfr;ksfxrk esa foØsrk ewY; fu/kkZj.k ij fu;a=.k D;ksa ugha j[k ldrk\ fo'ys"k.k dhft,A 2
Why can a seller not control the price in perfect competition? Analyse.

9- fdlh miHkksDrk dh vk; de gks tkrh gS ftlds dkj.k og oLrq dh ekax ?kVk nsrk gSA bl fLFkfr dks ekax ds
fu/kkZjdksa ds lanHkZ esa le>kb,A 3
A consumer's income decreases and therefore his demand for good-X falls. Explain this situation with
reference to determinants of demand.
10- ekax ds fu;e dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, dksbZ ,slk okLrfod thou mnkgj.k rs;kj dhft, ftlesa oLrq dh dher
c<+us ij miHkksDrk mldk LFkkukiUu pqu ysrk gSA 3
Create a real-life example illustrating how a rise in the price of a commodity leads a consumer to shift
towards its substitute, in accordance with the law of Demand.
11- ?kVrh lhekar çfrQy ds fu;e dh laf{kIr O;k[;k dhft, vkSj ;g fdl mRiknu voLFkk esa ykxw gksrk gS
crk,¡A 3

Briefly explain of Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns and mention the stage of production in which it
applies.
12- miHkksDrk larqyu dh fLFkfr dk fu/kkZj.k mnklhurk oØ ,oa ctV js[kk dh lgk;rk ls dhft,A 5
Explain the determination of consumer's equilibrium with the help of an in difference curve and a budget
line.

vFkok@OR

412 (IIH) [3] [P.T.O

fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh esa oLrq X dh ekax dk lkjf.kd :i fn;k x;k gS&
ewY; ¼:0½ ek¡x ¼bdkbZ½
5 10
10 8
15 6
20 4
25 2
¼d½ bl lkj.kh ds vk/kkj ij oLrq X dh ekax oØ cukb,A
¼[k½ :0 10 ls :0 15 ewY; ifjorZu ds chp ekax dh yksp dh x.kuk dhft,A
¼x½ çkIr ifj.kke dh O;k[;k dhft,A
The following table shows the demand schedule for commodity X :
Price Quantity Demanded
¼:0½ ¼units½
5 10
10 8
15 6
20 4
25 2
(i) Draw the demand curve for commodity X on the basis of the above schedule.
(ii) Calculate the elasticity of demand between the prices Rs. 10 and Rs. 15.
(iii) Interpret the result obtained.

13- lhekar mRikn rFkk vkSlr mRikn dh ifjHkk"kk nhft, vkSj bu nksuksa ds e/; laca/k dks Li"V dhft,A 5
Define marginal product and average product. Explain the relationship between them in detail.

14- ,d iw.kZ çfr;ksxh QeZ dk cktkj ewY; :0 40 çfr bdkbZ gSA QeZ dh dqy ykxr fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh esa nh
xbZ gS& 5
mRiknu¼bdkbZ½ dqy ykxr ¼:0½
0 40
1 55
2 70
3 90
4 120
5 160
6 220

¼ i½ çR;sd Lrj ij dqy vk; vkSj ykHk dh x.kuk dhft,A
¼ii½ ykHk&vf/kdre mRiknu Lrj dk fu/kkZj.k dhft,A
¼iii½ vius mÙkj dks js[kkfp= }kjk çnf'kZr dhft,A
A perfectly competition firm faces a market price of Rs 40 per unit. The total cost of the firm is given in the
following table:
Output Total cost
¼Unit½ ¼Rs½

0 40
1 55
2 70
3 90
4 120
5 160
6 220
412 (IIH) [4] [P.T.O

(i) Calculate total revenue and profit at each level of output.
(ii) Determine the profit-maximising level of output.
(iii) Represent your answer through a diagram.
vFkok@OR

iw.kZ çfr;ksfxrk esa ewY; fu/kkZj.k dh çfØ;k dks js[kkfp= lfgr le>kb,A
Explain the process of price determination under perfect competition with the help of a diagram.

[k.M&c ¼SECTION-B½
15- ¼d½ jk"Vªh; vk; ds vk¡dM+s rS;kj djus dk eq[; mÌs'; D;k gS\ 1
¼ i½ ns'k dh tula[;k Kkr djuk
¼ii½ vkfFkZd fodkl dk ewY;kadu djuk
¼iii½ dj laxzg c<+kuk
¼iv½ ewY; Lrj dks fLFkj j[kuk
What is the main objective of preparing National Income statistics?
(i) To know the population of the country
(ii) To assess the economic development
(iii) To increase tax collection
(iv) To stabilize the price level

¼[k½ cSda l`ftr /ku dk vFkZ D;k gS\ 1
¼ i½ eqnzk Nkiuk
¼ii½ _.k çnku dj tek dk fuekZ.k djuk
¼iii½ fons'kh eqnzk [kjhnuk
¼iv½ ljdkjh ckaM tkjh djuk
What does credit creation by banks mean?
(i) Printing of currency
(ii) Creating deposits by lending
(iii) Purchasing foreign currency
(iv) Issuing government bonds

¼x½ dsUl ds vuqlkj jkstxkj dk Lrj fdlls fu/kkZfjr gksrk gS\ 1
(i) dqy vkiwfrZ
¼ii½ dqy ekax
¼iii½ C;kt nj
¼iv½ ewY; Lrj
According to keynes, the level of employment is determined by which factor?
(i) Aggregate supply
(ii) Aggregate Demand
(iii) Rate of Interest
(iv) Price Level

¼?k½ ;fn miHkksx dh lhekar ço`fÙk 0-8 gS] rks xq.kd dk eku D;k gksxk\ 1

¼ i½ 4
¼ii½ 5
¼iii½ 6
¼iv½ 8
If the Marginal propensity to consume is 0.8, what will be the value of the multiplier?
(i) 4

412 (IIH) [5] [P.T.O

(ii) 5
(iii) 6
(iv) 8

¼³½ vfHkdFku ¼A½ % pkyw [kkrk esa oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk O;kikj 'kkfey gksrk gSA 1
dkj.k ¼R½ % pkyw [kkrs esa dsoy iwt a hxr ysunsu ntZ fd, tkrs gSAa
¼ i½ ¼A½ vkSj ¼R½ nksuksa lgh gSa rFkk ¼R½] ¼A½ dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
¼ii½ ¼A½ vkSj ¼R½ nksuksa lgh gSa] ij ¼R½] ¼A½ dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
¼iii½ ¼A½ lgh gS] ij ¼R½ xyr gSA
¼iv½ ¼A½ xyr gS] ij ¼R½ lgh gSA
Assertion (A) : The Current Account includes trade in goods and services.
Reason (R) : The Current Account records only capital transactions.
(i) (A) and (R) both are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(ii) (A) and (R) both are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(iii) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(iv) (A) is false but (R) is true.

16- jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk esa dsoy vafre oLrqvksa dks gh D;ksa fxuk tkrk gS\ 1
Why are only final goods included in the calculation of national income?

17- çHkkoh ekax ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ 1
What do you mean by Effective Demand?

18- larqfyr ctV ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ 1
What do you understand by a Balanced Budget?

19- dsUnzh; cSad }kjk udn vkjf{kr vuqikr esa ifjorZu djus esa vFkZO;oLFkk ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS] bldk
ewY;kadu dhft,A 2
Evaluate the effect of change in the Cash Reserve Ratio by the Central Bank on the economy.

20- ;fn miHkksx ço`fÙk c<+ tkrh gS] rks vk; larqyu ij bldk D;k çHkko iM+x
s k\ mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,A
2
If the propensity to consume increases, what will be its effect on income equilibrium? Explain with the help
of an example.

21- ,slh ,d uhfr dk lq>ko nhft, tks jkstxkj Lrj dks c<+kus esa lgk;d gks ldrh gS] rFkk mldk rdZ çLrqr
dhft,A 2
Suggest on policy measure that could help increase the level of employment and justify it.

22- Hkqxrku larqyu ds ?kkVs dks nwj djus ds nks mik; fyf[k,A 2
State any two measures to correct the deficit in the Balance of Payments.

23- jk"Vªh; vk; ds fu/kkZj.k esa 'kkfey rhu çeq[k vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa dk mYys[k dhft,A 3
State the three main economic activities involved in the determination of national income.

24- eqnzk dh vf/kd vkiwfrZ ls vFkZO;oLFkk esa D;k çHkko mRiUu gksrs gSa\ la{ksi esa le>kb,A 3
Explain briefly the effects of excess money supply in an economy.

25- ;fn fdlh ns'k esa fu;kZr ?kVs vkSj vk;kr c<+ tk,] rks Hkqxrku larqyu dh fLFkfr dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
3
Analyse the situation of Balance of Payments when exports decline and imports increase in a country.

412 (IIH) [6] [P.T.O

26- jk"Vªh; vk; dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A jk"Vªh; vk; ds çeq[k ?kVdksa dh igpku dhft, vkSj le>kb, fd os fdlh
ns'k dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks fdl çdkj çHkkfor djrs gSaA 5
Define National Income, Indentify its major components and explain how they affect the economic
condition of a country.

vFkok@OR
?kjsyw mRikn vkSj jk"Vªh; mRikn esa varj Li"V dhft,A buds fofHkUu ?kVdksa dks le>kb, vkSj mnkgj.k lfgr
crkb, fd fdlh ns'k dh vk; dk vkadyu djus esa budk D;k egÙo gSA
Distinguish between Domestic Product and National Product. Explain their various components and
illustrate their importance in the estimation of a nation's income with suitable examples.

27- dsUl dh çHkkoh ekax dh vo/kkj.kk dks Li"V dhft,A ;g fdl çdkj vFkZO;oLFkk esa mRiknu vkSj jkstxkj Lrj
dks fu/kkZfjr djrh gS] mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb,A 5
Explain Keynes' concept of Effective Demand. How does it determine the level of output and employment
in an economy? Illustrate with an example.
vFkok@OR
lef"V ekax vkSj lef"V vkiwfrZ ds ikjLifjd laca/k dks le>kb, rFkk ;g crkb, fd larqyu mRiknu vkSj
jkstxkj dk Lrj dSls fu/kkZfjr gksrk gSA
Explain the relationship between Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply and show how the equilibrium
level of output and employment is determined.

28- uhps nh xbZ fLFkfr dks if<+, vkSj mlds vk/kkj ij iwNs x, ç'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&
Þljdkj us vius okf"kZd ctV esa d`f"k {ks= dks çksRlkfgr djus gsrq vuqnku c<+kus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA lkFk gh]
lkekftd dY;k.k ;kstukvksa ij Hkh O;; esa o`f) dh xbZ gS] ftlds dkj.k jktLo O;; esa mYys[kuh; c<+krs jh
gqbZ gSAß
¼d½ mi;qZDr fLFkfr esa ctV dk dkSu&lk çdkj çnf'kZr gksrk gS\ 1
¼[k½ jktLo O;; esa o`f) dk ljdkj dh foÙkh; fLFkfr ij D;k çHkko iM+x s k\ 2
¼x½ nh?kZdky esa bl uhfr ds D;k vkfFkZd ifj.kke gks ldrs gSa \ 2
Read the following case and answer the questions that follow-
"The government, in its annual budget, announced an increase in subsidies to promote the agricultural
sector.
At the same time, expenditure on social welfare schemes was also raised, leading to a significant rise in
revenue expenditure."
(i) Which type of budget is reflected in the above situation?
(ii) How will the increase in revenue expenditure affect the government's financial position?
(iii) What could be the long-term economic consequences of this policy.

AglaSem Earn while Learn Program.
412 (IIH) [7] Send your papers and get paid.
Contact: support@

AglaSem Earn While You Learn Program!

Share your recent question papers with us and get paid!
अपने हाल के न प हम भेज और कमाएँ!

To participate, email us with the following details:
भाग लेने के लए हम न न ववरण के साथ ईमेल कर:

- Your Name
- Your Class
- Your Board
- Details of the Question Papers you have
आपके पास उपल ध न प का ववरण

Our team will reach out to you with the next steps.
हमार ट म आगे क या के लए आपसे संपक करे गी।

Email: support@

Study Materials
Notes

Model Papers Class 6 Notes

Sample Papers Class 7 Notes
Half Yearly Sample Papers Class 8 Notes

Class 9 Notes
Important Resources
Class 10 Notes
Periodic Table
Class 11 Notes
Writing Skills / Formats

Maps of India / World Class 12 Notes

Books and Solutions

NCERT Books
NCERT Book Solutions
HC Verma Chapter Wise Solutions
RD Sharma Solutions
CGBSE Solutions